International Journal of Vehicle Safety最新文献_第9页

Shared steering control between a human and an automation designed for low curvature road 人与自动驾驶系统之间的共享转向控制，专为低曲率道路设计

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-10-10 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.079655

A. Merah, K. Hartani

{"title":"Shared steering control between a human and an automation designed for low curvature road","authors":"A. Merah, K. Hartani","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2016.079655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2016.079655","url":null,"abstract":"In order to facilitate driving and prevent accidents due to lane departure, this paper focuses on the development of an assistance device for lane keeping of a passenger electric vehicle. The goal is to develop a shared control mode based on the anticipation of risk and the prediction of the most probable actions of the driver. The paper is mainly articulated around two axes: the cybernetic modelling of the driver in his task of lateral control of the vehicle and the design of a shared steering control using a Driver-Vehicle-Road (DVR) model. Since many vehicle/road interaction factors (such as road adhesion, aerodynamic forces) and actuator dynamics are very poorly known, the proposed work addresses shared control resulting from applying the linear-quadratic control (LQR) synthesis to the global model (DVR). Innovative criteria were used for assessing the time to lane crossing, the level of sharing between the driver and lateral assistance, as well as their cooperative or conflicting behaviour. All simulation tests are carried out on a 5.8 km track that has several pretty tight radius turns (up to 150 m). The implementation of LQR controller has been made for a longitudinal speed set at 75 km/h. The LQR is sufficient to keep the vehicle under control on a road with low radius curvature. Preliminary simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to explain the concept.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"136-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2016.079655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pedestrian safety: an overview of physical test surrogates, numerical models and availability of cadaveric data for model validation 行人安全:物理测试替代品的概述，数值模型和可用的尸体数据的模型验证

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.077152

A. Kalra, Vishal Gupta, M. Shen, X. Jin, C. Chou, King H. Yang

{"title":"Pedestrian safety: an overview of physical test surrogates, numerical models and availability of cadaveric data for model validation","authors":"A. Kalra, Vishal Gupta, M. Shen, X. Jin, C. Chou, King H. Yang","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2016.077152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077152","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous efforts have been made to replicate pedestrian-car crashes experimentally or numerically to study the pedestrian injury biomechanics for developing countermeasures for pedestrian protection. This overview summarises such efforts towards pedestrian safety and available surrogates used in optimisation of pedestrian-friendly vehicle designs. This paper provides not only available physical surrogates (impactors and pedestrian dummies) used by different regulatory agencies, but also a collection of various numerical models used to predict injury responses in car-pedestrian impacts. Additionally, an overview of many reported cadaveric experiments performed as sustained by pedestrians in car crashes is presented. A validation matrix is proposed for correlating existing/future numerical models with available cadaveric test data. This is to ensure development of high predictive quality FE whole body human models to assess injury risk to pedestrians in car crashes, and in turn for continued improvement over design of pedestrian friendly vehicle front-end and effective countermeasures for pedestrian protection.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"39-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Abdominal injury analysis of a 6-year-old pedestrian finite element model in lateral impact 6岁行人侧撞腹部损伤有限元模型分析

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.077155

Wenle Lv, J. Ruan, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Shijie Ruan

{"title":"Abdominal injury analysis of a 6-year-old pedestrian finite element model in lateral impact","authors":"Wenle Lv, J. Ruan, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Shijie Ruan","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2016.077155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077155","url":null,"abstract":"A previously developed finite element (FE) model of a 6-year-old pedestrian abdomen was used to analyse internal organs injuries in lateral impact tests in conjunction with scaling methods. The model was applied to reconstruct adult abdominal cadaver experiments in lateral impact to verify its biofidelity by comparing simulation results with scaled experimental response corridors. Simulation results showed that the abdominal force-deformation curves were well matched with the scaled experimental corridors in different impact speeds. The maximum values of abdominal impact force, deformation and viscous criterion (VC) were proportional to impact velocity. In terms of compression and viscous criterion, the paediatric abdomen had a 25% probability risk of AIS4+ (Abbreviated Injury Scale) abdominal injury in impact velocities of 6.7 m/s and 9.4 m/s. Judging by the first principal strain, contusion or rupture of the left kidney, stomach and spleen appeared in simulations of 6.7 m/s and 9.4 m/s, while liver rupture appeared only in simulations of 9.4 m/s. Predicted internal organ injuries were found to be consistent among the force, deformation, and VC basis injury criteria. The maximum abdominal impact force was inversely proportional to the impact angle, while the abdominal deformation was proportional to the impact angle. Therefore, the model can be further applied to analyse abdominal injuries for a 6-year-old human in pedestrian impact.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Road traffic accidents trends in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates during 2001-2014 2001-2014年阿拉伯联合酋长国沙迦道路交通事故趋势

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.077151

Khaled Hamad

引用次数: 5

Development and validation of a head/brain FE model and investigation of influential factor on the brain response during head impact 头/脑有限元模型的建立与验证及对头部撞击时脑反应影响因素的研究

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.077145

Noritoshi Atsumi, Yuko Nakahira, M. Iwamoto

引用次数: 24

Comparison of driving performance during the blood alcohol concentration ascending period and descending period under alcohol influence in a driving simulator 驾驶模拟器中酒精影响下血液酒精浓度上升和下降期间驾驶性能的比较

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2016.077154

Hui-qin Chen, Guanjun Zhang, Ren-peng Chen, Lei Chen, Xiexing Feng

{"title":"Comparison of driving performance during the blood alcohol concentration ascending period and descending period under alcohol influence in a driving simulator","authors":"Hui-qin Chen, Guanjun Zhang, Ren-peng Chen, Lei Chen, Xiexing Feng","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2016.077154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077154","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to study the performance of young novice male drivers in a driving simulator after they were administered different doses of alcohol (placebo: 0 g/kg; medium dose: 0.75 g/kg; high dose: 1 g/kg) during the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ascending and descending periods. The high dose of alcohol produced an average peak BAC of 74±5.477 mg/100 ml at 30 min after administration, and the medium dose produced an average peak BAC of 47.714±17.68 mg/100 ml at 10 min after administration. Compared with the placebo, the drivers' performance under the high dose of alcohol was characterised by more abrupt steering manoeuvres, a greater average speed, and a greater offset from the lane centre. The drivers were more timid under the medium dose administration. The study on driver behaviour plays an important role on constructing the early warning model, so as to put forward the corresponding intervention measures of unsafe driving behaviour and improve vehicle safety in reducing accidents due to drinking and/or drunk driving on public roads.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"9 1","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2016.077154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimisation study of occupant restraint system concerning variations in occupant size and crash severity in frontal collisions 考虑乘员体型变化和正面碰撞严重程度的乘员约束系统优化研究

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-01-27 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2015.074373

Yi Huang, Qing Zhou, Xiaowei Zhang, Cong Wang

{"title":"Optimisation study of occupant restraint system concerning variations in occupant size and crash severity in frontal collisions","authors":"Yi Huang, Qing Zhou, Xiaowei Zhang, Cong Wang","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2015.074373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2015.074373","url":null,"abstract":"Restraint system parameter configurations encouraged by the current legislative or consumer crash tests cannot provide tailored protection to occupants with different statures under various crash severities. The restraint system parameters should be adapted to different circumstances. In this study, a restraint system optimisation framework was built to explore optimal configurations for five different sizes of occupants in two crash severities. Seat position was treated as a variable in the design space. The optimisation results showed that optimal seat positions had clear patterns for the two crash severities. In high crash severity, dummies tended to sit closer to the knee bolster to achieve better contacts of airbag and knee bolster. In low crash severity, optimal seat positions were farther from knee bolster. With aggressively tuned pretensioner and stature dependent load limiting values, the dummies were efficiently restrained by the seat belt. Tailored protections to the ten cases were achieved after the optimisation, compared to the fixed parameter restraint system. Language: en","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2015.074373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development and validation of a 6-year-old pedestrian thorax and abdomen finite element model and impact injury analysis 6岁行人胸腹部有限元模型的建立与验证及碰撞损伤分析

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-01-27 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2015.074378

Wenle Lv, Shijie Ruan, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He

{"title":"Development and validation of a 6-year-old pedestrian thorax and abdomen finite element model and impact injury analysis","authors":"Wenle Lv, Shijie Ruan, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2015.074378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2015.074378","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed anatomy structure finite element (FE) model of the paediatric thorax and abdomen of a 6-year-old was constructed and validated. The thoracoabdominal geometrical model, extracted from computed tomography (CT) scan images of a 6-year-old child, was divided into finite element models with different types of elements. The validity of the model was verified by reconstructing impact experiments of paediatric cadaver thorax and abdomen and comparing impact force-deformation curves, maximum viscous criterion (VC) values and tissue injuries between simulations and experiments. The simulation results showed that the thoracoabdominal impact force-deformation curves located in the experimental corridors, and the trend of the curves, was well consistent with the experimental corridors. The maximum viscous criterion values in simulations were also located in the range of experimental results. Injuries to ribs and internal organs predicted in simulations were consistent with the autopsy results. Therefore, the model can be used to study the mechanism of child pedestrians' thoracic and abdominal injury in traffic accidents. Language: en","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"339-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2015.074378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Define occupant restraint system characteristics by using two-step trapezoid method based on ride-down rate control in frontal impact 采用两步梯形法定义正面碰撞下的乘员约束系统特性

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-01-27 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2015.074377

Jian Zhou, Shao Qiu, Junyuan Zhang, Yue Ma

引用次数: 4

Abdominal impact study on paediatric cadaveric subjects 小儿尸体的腹部影响研究

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Pub Date : 2016-01-27 DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2015.074369

J. Ouyang, Qingan Zhu, S. Zhong, Zeyu Li, Chang Liu

引用次数: 5