{"title":"Forudsigelser om skyld og straffastsættelse","authors":"Christian Dahl, Rasmus H. Wandall, Simon Wittrock","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136736","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractA certain degree of predictability in criminal law is important for the overall functionality of the criminal justice system. For victims, the accused, and their relatives, predictability – and the lack thereof – has a more concrete and immediate impact. The lack of predictability of how and when cases are handled, and with what outcome, installs an uncertainty of significant events for those involved in the case. This effectively limits those persons’ abilities to make decisions about their cases and their lives. Existing literature correspondingly shows that the process of a criminal case, its duration, and the uncertainty about the outcome represent a significant burden to those involved. There is a real need for legal and procedural empowerment. In this paper, we examine how statistical models increase predictability regarding sentencing outcomes and find that our models reduce the uncertainty of case outcomes for the accused, the victims, and their relatives.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Police Pracademics","authors":"S. Levander","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136737","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPractical work (craftsmanship) usually profits by science and vice versa, but conflicts may appear. Knowledge in empirical science is declarative and general. Practical knowledge is »silent« and reflects the cumulated individual experiences within a profession. In a mature discipline like medicine, recognition of the unique value of the two kinds of knowledge protects against conflict. The police have only recently added science to govern practice. In addition, much of the police work is rule-governed and politically controlled – it does not reflect empirical knowledge. Explanations in natural science refer to Causes in the objective world. Meaning is the corresponding humanities key concept which is also highly relevant for police work. When conflicts arise – a dominant discourse may warp discussions. Examples of a set of such relevant conflicts are provided and discussed. Awareness and acknowledgement of the virtues and limitations of various knowledge forms are often lacking and leads to mutual disrespect. Such conflicts are currently difficult to resolve because the police leadership usually lacks practical police experience as well as training in empirical science. The presently weak voice of science should be strengthened by a full academization of the police in all Nordic countries.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"10 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114033667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Målsägandens oro inför rättegångsprocessen","authors":"Maritha Jacobsson, Tomas Bons, Valentin Öckinger","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115756777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Mygind Leth, Stine Hovvang, Asser Hedegård Thomsen
{"title":"Retsmedicinske findestedsundersøgelser","authors":"Peter Mygind Leth, Stine Hovvang, Asser Hedegård Thomsen","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136735","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDuring the years 2000 to 2020 the Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Southern Denmark performed 293 medical crime scene investigations in Southern Denmark involving 320 deceased (200 men). The medical examiner was called out in homicides (24%), suspicious cases (58%), fire related deaths (15%) and bone findings (2%). The medical examiner was responsible for the medical examination of corpses in cooperation with the crime scene technicians. The goal was to determine the cause of death, the manner and mechanism of death, and the time of death. Most were autopsied after the crime scene investigation. The scene was considered suspicious if displacedor broken furniture, or bloodstains, were found. Actions by alcohol or drug intoxicated individuals may resemble a crime scene. Blood stains can arise from natural causes. Suicide by stabbing or shooting may give rise to a suspicious scene, as may deaths during autoerotic procedures and deaths due to hypothermia. Most crime scenes were indoors, but a quarter occurred outside. The deceased included a high proportion of individuals with chronic alcoholism (36%) and many suffered from psychiatric disease (23%). Based on autopsy, manner of death was determined to have been homicide (30%), accident (27%), suicide (18%), natural death (14%) and unknown causes (6%). 5% was not autopsied.The pattern of lesions are important in determining the mechanism of death, but must always be viewed in relation to findings at the scene and the deceased’s history. Medical crime scene investigation underwent improvements during the period, most notably the introduction of DNA-trace analysis. Photo and video documentation also improved.Photogrammetry and the use of drones are being introduced.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115813536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protecting the Environment with Criminal Law","authors":"R. Bragadóttir","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i1.136734","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAs concern about the environment has risen during the last few years, international organisations and conventions have encouraged nations to use punishment for environmental offences as one means to fight for a better environment. Icelandic law contains various types of penal provisions in statute laws designed to protect the environment. However, no comprehensive legislation on matters of environmental impact or provisions on punishment have been enacted. Instead, various existing laws were revised and modernised so as to incorporateenvironmental protection - often to fulfil international requirements. The Penal Code from 1940 contains provisions which were not enacted in reference to offences against the environment, but might nonetheless be applicable in this regard. In 1999 a new provision on serious offences against the environment was enacted in the Penal Code. Many of these aforementioned statute laws on environmental matters include provisions on punishment, i.e., the Act on Nature Conservation; the Act on the Protection, Conservation and Hunting of Wild Birds and Wild Mammals; the Act on Hygiene and Pollution Prevention; and the Act on the Protection against Marine and Beach Pollution. In this paper, these acts and the surprisingly few judgements where they have been at issue are described, as are cases that have been reported and discussed in the media but not been brought before the courts. Finally, there are some reflections on general prevention and why the provisions on environmental offences are rarely applied.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"35 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120823626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"K. Svalin","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135174","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of intimate partner violence (IPV) has recently surfaced once again in Sweden – essentially defined as men’s abuse of women. IPV is not rare – around three percent of the women are afflicted each year (Nerøien & Schei, 2008). We know that serious crimes of violence are committed by men with substantial psychiatric problems and comorbid abuse diagnoses, particularly alcoholism (Belfrage & Rying, 2004). Less serious partner violent crimes are committed by two kinds of perpetrators (Rasmussen & Levander, 2021):","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121252185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Udviklingstendenser i ungdomskriminaliteten i Fyns politikreds","authors":"Helena Birk Oxlund","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"July 22nd a window of opportunity for police reform?","authors":"P. Larsson","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135172","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article deals with questions concerning the relationship between the Norwegian police reform of 2016 and the terrorist attack at Utøya in 2011. The 2016 reform is often presented as an automatic response to the attack by media, politicians and the Police Director. As something that had to be done. A reform that had been in the cupboard for more than a decade since the previous reform of 2000 and was simply dusted off and presented as a neat and fresh general solution to many different problems facing the police. The article argues that the terror attack on July 22nd and the subsequent July 22nd Report (The Gjørv Report, NOU 2012:14) presented “a window of opportunity”or police management to make changes not only in the organization of the police, but also in regard to basic ideals of policing. These are changes that would have raised political resistance under normal circumstances. Furthermore, they had little connection to the basic problems of the force as identified in the July 22nd Report and in the debate concerning the police response after the attack.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127797531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"»Omvendelsesterapi« rettet mod unge LGBT+-personer – en ny nordisk forbrydelse?","authors":"Søren Verdoner","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v109i4.135176","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article investigates recent legal developments regarding the practice of so-called »LGBT+ conversion therapy«. It analyses what positive obligations the Nordic states bear to protect LGBT+ youth against practices of ‘conversion treatments’ under international and regional human rights law. It then goes on to consider the challenges of criminalizing ‘conversion therapy’ and reviews the new Norwegian draft law proposal on its criminalization. The article concludes that the rather limited Nordic debate on the issue has been narrowly focused on balancing the right to privacy against the right to religious freedom. Furthermore, it has failed to pay sufficient attention to the positive obligations states have to protect the dignity of vulnerable groups against degrading and cruel treatment. Finally, the article discusses how measures outside of the criminal law can be used to protect LGBT+ youth against practices like ‘continuing none-acceptance’ that do not fall within the scope of actual ‘conversion therapy’, but which can still cause long-term harm. The article argues that non-acceptance of a child’s sexuality or gender identity might amount to a breach of the parental guardian’s duty of care.","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116767179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Astrid Renland, Jane Dullum, Kristian Andenæs (red.): En fengslende historie – KROM i 50 år","authors":"Linda Kjær Minke","doi":"10.7146/ntfk.v109i3.134404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v109i3.134404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351350,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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