Journal of Livestock Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of dietary supplemental wheat starch by-product on growth performance, carcass Traits and immune responses of broiler chickens.","authors":"S. S. Ale Saheb Fosoul, M. Shahryari, A. Emadinia, A. Davoodi, M. Najari, G. Jalili, P. Arzani Shehni","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.127-134","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of a wheat starch by-product (WSB) on growth performance, carcass traits and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and 5 replicates in a completely randomized design during 9 to 16, 17 to 25, 26 to 39, and 40 to 50 days of experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet without WSB supplementation (CTL) or graded levels of low (LSS; 100, 150, 200, and 250 g/kg), medium (MSS; 200, 250, 300, 350 g/kg), high (HSS; 300, 350, 400, 450 g/kg) and extra (ESS; 400, 450 500, and 550 g/kg) inclusion rates of wheat starch during the starter, growing, finisher 1, and finisher 2 periods, respectively. Dietary supplementation of WSB did not have adverse effect on growth and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens across 9 to 25 days of age but compromised growth performance during finisher and the entire rearing periods ( P ˂ 0.05). Feeding diets containing WSB decreased carcass yield in broiler chickens ( P ˂ 0.05). Antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus decreased following dietary HSS and ESS supplementation ( P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of LSS and ESS to the feed decreased relative weight of spleen ( P ˂ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of WSB is recommended up to 450 g/kg across 9 to 25 days of age without any adverse effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. However, supplementation of WSB may impair immune responses of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132827048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks, hazards, harm and risk analysis: a brief introductory overview for veterinarians","authors":"J. Tenorio","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.159-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.159-163","url":null,"abstract":"Risk is a probability that an unfavorable event or harm (e.g., illness) will occur due to exposure to a hazard. Hazard is the agent or factor that brings about harm. It may be a pathogenic agent, a characteristic of an individual or of the herd, or some extrinsic factors (e.g., the environment) that causes or increases the likelihood of harm. Harm may be an unfavorable health eventuality or a dire consequence that is caused by specific hazards and risks. When we consider these three interwoven concepts, we get Risk Analysis. Risk analysis has several interconnected components: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Management and Risk Communication. Risk analysis, as a framework of assessing the likelihood, causes and consequences of unwanted health related phenomenon, is very important in discussing zoonotic infectious diseases (e.g., Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza), laboratory biosecurity and biorisk management and disease prioritization. At the core of this principle and framework is the aim of limiting the occurrence of a harmful consequence while keeping in mind the benefits of the planned and implemented management efforts. The aim of this article is to succinctly introduce risk analysis as a framework, its components, and its application in veterinary science and medicine.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives in the use of tannins in animal production & health: a review","authors":"A. Pandey, S. Nayak, A. Khare, R. Sharma, B. V. Reddy, G. D. Risheen","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.112-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.112-119","url":null,"abstract":"Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant region and possess various biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, etc. Tannins have traditionally been regarded as “anti-nutritional factor” for monogastric animals and poultry, but recent researches have revealed some of them, when applied in appropriate manner, improved intestinal microbial ecosystem, enhanced gut health and hence increased productive performance. Therefore, tannins are the major research subject in developing natural alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Strong protein affinity is the well-recognized property of plant tannins, which has successfully been applied to ruminant nutrition to decrease protein degradation in the rumen, and thereby improve protein utilization and animal production efficiency. Incorporations of tannin-containing forage in ruminant diets to control animal pasture bloat, intestinal parasite and pathogenic bacteria load are another 3 important applications of tannins in ruminant animals. In conclusion, use of tannins in appropriate manner may help to improve animal performance and health. immunodeficiency (HIV), HT anti-enterovirus 71 in vitro efficiently mortality clinical through the inhibition of viral replication in mice model. Phlorotannins isolated from E. cava have been demonstrated to possess strong activity against influenza virus neuraminidase, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by inhibiting viral entry and viral replication and HIV-1.Many studies have been conducted on tannins effects against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the results of the various teams indicate that tannins have several targets of action in the HIV replicative cycle. Ellagitannins isolated from Tuberarialignosa inhibited HIV’s entry into MT-2 cells Other have on ellagitannins (geraniin corilagin) that reduced HIV replication by inhibiting the HIV-1 protease and HIV-1 integrase enzymes","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125802921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of sheep farming in India","authors":"V. Bhateshwar, D. C. Rai, M. Datt, V.P. Aparnna","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.135-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.135-151","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep, with multi-facet utility (for meat, wool, skin, dung, and to some extent milk) plays a significant part in the Indian agricultural economy. India is having the second greatest number of sheep & goat in the world after China and has indigenous breeds with good productivity. Sheep are better adapted to India’s arid and semi-arid tropical zones with marginal and sub-marginal lands. Sheep are possibly the most ideal small ruminants to exploit the scant vegetation available in dryland environments through rangeland management and reseeded pastures. The sheep farming sector in India needs marketing infrastructure facilities for value addition such as meat processing, warehousing, cold storage, and refrigerated trucks and there is a notable shortage of public-private partnerships. However, being advanced in veterinary infrastructure at ground level, and the expanding demand for sheep-sourced products generates an untapped opportunity for the export & value-added products. The current paradigm change in government policies is enabling farmers to move to scientific sheep farming which can assist and boost the productivity and farmer's revenue in India.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122482215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of enzyme preparations and lecithin on the blood picture of laying hens","authors":"B. S. Kaloev, V. Nogaeva, F. M. Kulova, Z. A. Kadzayeva, L. H. Albegova","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of new feed factors in poultry feeding is necessarily reflected in the change in blood parameters. The article presents the results of physiological studies on the study of changes in the hematological parameters of laying hens with the additional use of enzyme preparations Sanzaym and Sanfayz 5000, as well as lecithin in their feeding. Scientific and economic experience, during which the main physiological indicators were studied, was carried out in the State Unitary Enterprise of the Breeding Reproductor \"Urus-Martanovsky\" of the Chechen Republic on laying hens of the Loman Brown breed. As the main diet in the experiment, compound feed was used, prepared on the basis of corn, barley, wheat, sunflower meal. It was fed to a bird of the control group. In addition to the main diet, the livestock of the 1 experimental group were additionally fed two enzyme preparations: Sanzaym (100 g/t of feed) and Sanfayz 5000 (80 g/t of feed). Phospholipid lecithin, in the amount of 10 g/kg of feed, was fed to livestock. The use of enzyme preparations and lecithin increased egg production per average carrier by 24.5 pcs or 8.9%, the intensity of egg production by 7.42%, which made it possible to obtain 245.4 kg or 14.6% more egg mass than the control group.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131750799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey on gross pathologic lesions on bovine livers and kidneys from a Halal abattoir in Cotabato City, Philippines.","authors":"L. M. Bessitt, V. D. Flores, J. C. Tenorio, V. Jimenez, E. C. Molina, L. A. Lumbao","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.88-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.88-95","url":null,"abstract":"Postmortem examination of food animals during slaughter enables the identification of illnesses and health issues that subvert the quality of carcasses and offal. Gross pathological lesions seen at slaughter have important economic impact and implications on the Halal wholesomeness of these food items, and therefore there is a need to identify them. The study identified and described the gross pathological lesions found on the livers and kidneys of cattle slaughtered in a Halal abattoir in Cotabato City, Philippines from December 12, 2020 to January 28, 2021. A total of seventy (70) cattle were included in the study: 70 livers and 140 kidneys were collected and examined. The lesions identified in the bovine livers included fibrosis (15.71%), cholangitis (15.71%), liver fluke migratory tracts (1.43%), and cirrhosis (2.9%). Among the kidneys examined, white spotted kidneys (10.71%), renal infarcts (10.71%), renal atrophy (6.43%), amyloidosis (5.71%), ecchymosis (4.29%), myoglobinuria (2.86%), hydronephrosis (2.86%), pyelonephritis (2.14%) and renal cyst (1.43%) were the lesions seen. Numerous gross pathological lesions were identified among the livers and kidneys assessed in the current study. Production and health management practices must be improved if the occurrence of these economically important pathological lesions is to be reduced.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"68 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood biochemistry and hormonal profiles of crossbred calves during hot-humid season under modified roofing systems","authors":"V. Maurya, M. Singh, P. K. Bharti, V. Maurya, G. Channa","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress causes various alterations in normal blood biochemical & hormonal parameters of the animals leading to decrease in comfort and hence production as well as productivity. Its impact is even more during hothumid climate. This study was therefore designed to witness the effect of various housing models on different blood parameters of crossbred calves during the rainy season in tropics. A total of eighteen crossbred calves (9-11 months old) were randomly selected and allocated in 3 groups viz. control (C): corrugated cemented sheet (CCS) as roofing material, T1: polycarbonate plastic sheet as roof and T2: polycarbonate roof with adjustable height. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of modified housing using different roofing materials on growth and physiological performance of calves during the rainy season. The THI at 9:00 am varied between 82.50 ±0.52 to 86.30 ±0.43 and at 2:30 pm between 85.67 ±0.63 to 92.32 ±0.48 during the season. The overall average temperature of shed was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 (28.18±0.11) than T1 (29.74±0.19) and C (30.55±0.06). Overall average relative humidity (%) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 (77.08±0.31) as compared to T1 (82.10±0.76) and C (82.92±0.12). Overall average temperature humidity index (THI) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 (76.56 ±0.23) followed by T1 (78.35 ± 0.23) and C (79.30 ± 0.18). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dl) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 (11.18±0.31) as compared to T1 (10.36±0.47) and C (10.10±0.55). Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) level (IU/L) in C (102.53±3.08) was significantly higher (P<0.05) followed by T1 (98.51±3.28) in comparison to T2 (91.73±2.41). No significant difference was found in the serum hormone levels (T3, T4 and cortisol) between the treatment groups. It may be inferred that the micro-environment was more conducive in T2 than control; hence the reflective polycarbonate roofing with adjusted higher height may be the desirable choice for animal housing in view of mitigating heat stress during the hot-humid climate.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115147539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphology and Histochemistry of adrenal cortex of adult Bakerwali goat of Jammu region","authors":"S. Suri, G. Kour, J. Sasan","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.80-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.80-87","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted on the adrenal gland of adult Bakerwali goat. Glands were fixed in fixative (10% neutral buffered formalin and zenker’s fixative). The adrenal glands were paired (right and left), reddish-brown, ductless glands situated in the roof of the abdomen. The right adrenal gland was pyramidal in shape. The left adrenal gland was strongly curved and elongated. The cortex consisted of three zones i.e. zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate and zona reticularis. Zona glomerulosa had two parts: the superficial zona glomerulosa and deep zona glomerulosa. The zona glomerulosa exhibited intense reactivity for mucopolysaccharide and for lipid granules. The zona fasciculate was broadest zone of the adrenal cortex. The percentage of cortical area occupied by this zone was 55.40% in right adrenal gland and 54.29% in left adrenal gland. The intracapsular and extracapsular accessory adrenal nodules were found in the present study. The adrenal nodules have been surrounded by the capsule of dense irregular connective tissue fibers mainly comprised of collagen fibers and reticular fibres.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122889237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of animal by-products on the growth performance of broiler chickens","authors":"K. H. Swe, K. Lay, Y. Aung, Y. Aung, T. Thiri, H. Oo, H. T. H. Naing, Thazin Lwin, A. T. Maung","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.58-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2022.58-66","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the growth performance of broilers fed diets containing fishmeal and different animal by-products meals as feather meal, meat and bone meal (MBM), and blood meal from 15 to 42 days of age. A total of 240 male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 14 days were individually weighed and randomly allocated to four experimental treatments by using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. From days 15 to 42, chickens were provided four experimental diets: treatment 1 (T1)5% fish meal based diet as control, treatment 2 (T2)5% feather meal based diet, treatment 3 (T3)5% meat and bone meal based diet, and treatment 4 (T4)5% blood meal based diet. Broiler feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured and calculated on weekly basis. On weekly performance basis, feed intake of broilers did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among all treatments on 4 th and 5 th weeks, and the weight gain of broilers fed different dietary treatments were not significant differences (p>0.05) on 5 th and 6 th weeks. Other results based on weekly and cumulative performance showed T1 was highest feed intake, weight gain, final body weight and FCR among the treatments, then T3 was higher performance than T2 and T4. The treatment 4 was the poorest cumulative FCR among all different dietary treatments. It can be concluded that broiler fed diet with 5% fishmeal is the most beneficial, and 5% blood meal is the poorest performance among the treatments.","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122008381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of feeding adsorbent additives for heavy metal detoxification in steers","authors":"V. R. Kairov, A. Gadzhiev, Z. Baeva, B. S. Nikkolova, M. Kozhokov, E. Tsagaraeva, L. V. Tsalieva","doi":"10.33259/jlivestsci.2021.351-355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33259/jlivestsci.2021.351-355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Livestock Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117243992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}