Psychiatria Hungarica最新文献

{"title":"[Transdiagnostic study of impulsivity dimensions. Comparative analysis of impulsivity profiles in adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder].","authors":"Eszter Kenézlöi,&nbsp;Lívia Balogh,&nbsp;Kata Fazekas,&nbsp;Bettina Bajzát,&nbsp;Emese Kruck,&nbsp;Zsolt Unoka,&nbsp;János Réthelyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High levels of impulsivity represent a core feature of various psychiatric conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Substance Use Disorders, and other maladaptive behaviors, like non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal behavior. The overall aim of our research is to carry out a trans-diagnostic study of impulsivity as a common behavioral risk factor, taking into consideration the different dimensions of impulsivity (motor, attentional, non-planning). The project investigates inhibitory neurocognitive deficits, electrophysiological correlates, childhood adversities and genetic vulnerability factors in the background of impulsivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this report, we describe the results of our pilot study which aims to compare impulsivity profiles, personality traits, and levels of aggression in patients with adult ADHD (aADHD) and BPD primary diagnoses, and healthy control subjects, based on self report questionnaires (Barratt Impulivity Scale, Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory). We have also carried out analyses on the role of childhood adverse events in the background of impulsivity. Because of the predominance of female participants in the BPD group, we restrict our analyses to only female subjects (N=111 out of 152 patients overall).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the three groups significant differences were observed in each impulsivity domain: higher levels of attentional and motor impulsivity were present in aADHD, while non-planning impulsivity was more characteristic to BPD (p<0.001). Using the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory aADHD patients reached significant higher levels on six subscales (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependency, perseverance, selfdirection, cooperation) than BPD patients (p<001). Childhood emotional neglect results in higher levels of impulsivity in adulthood (R=0.54, p<0.001) regardless of diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Impulsivity, as a diagnostic criterion of different psychiatric disorders is a heterogenous construct. Different characteristics of impulsivity are pronounced with respect to the condition it is part of. Studying impulsivity can improve our understanding of the etiology of different psychiatric conditions, which can result in more specific and effective therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 2","pages":"136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37752897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The neurological illnesses of Frida Kahlo].","authors":"Tamás Tényi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 3","pages":"373-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38135649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Are we the cause of our own suffering? - Everybody depends on something].","authors":"Tamás Józsa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 2","pages":"223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37754122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The concept and characteristics of metacognition and its role in schizophrenia].","authors":"Zita Fekete,&nbsp;Edit Vass,&nbsp;Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia research in the last decades led to rapid development of our knowledge regarding the cogni - tive deficits in the disease. Presence of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia is widely confirmed by empirical studies. Metacognition is one of the most recent and relatively less studied field of schizophrenia. Our lite rature review aims to introduce the concept and characteristics of metacognition. Then we overview the relation - ship between schizophrenia associated neurocognitive and social cognitive impairments and metacognitive deficits. Associations between the metacognitive deficits and the symptomatology will also be discussed. Finally, a method for the treatment of metacognitive deficits in schizophrenia will be suggested. The results of the overviewed studies sup - port, that the umbrella term of metacognition encompassing the neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits, may provide a comprehensive model to better understand how cognitive deficits contribute to the development and main - tanance of symptoms, and schizophrenia-associated serious social dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 4","pages":"423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38662218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the content of the delusions].","authors":"Hunor Girasek,&nbsp;Gábor Gazdag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 epidemic was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. The outbreak and spread of the disease has caused fear, insecurity and anxiety in people around the world. The pan - de mic has both direct and indirect effects on mental health problems, as fear of the virus can trigger or exacerbate mental illness and influence the onset of symptoms. Case studies suggest that this emergency can affect the content of delusions and hallucinations, as well as contribute to psychotic relapse. In addition to a brief review of the literature, we describe the case of three psychotic patients of the Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Centre for Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, whose delusions and hallucinations were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In two cases, the symptoms of a reactive, transient psychotic episode presumably provoked by psychosocial stressors were determined, and in one case, the positive symptoms of a patient suffering in a psychotic disorder were determined by COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 4","pages":"471-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38325997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The abuse and dependence of chemical agents in an evolutionary approach/From adaptation to the phenomenon of \"run-away\" and beyond].","authors":"Miklós Péter Kalapos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent paradigm shift in medicine resulted in the emergence of so-called evolutionary medicine, which studies the interactions between the environment and biological phenomena in a timeline to understand diseases and develop new treatments. In the course of evolutionary discussion of chemical substance abuse, the issue was approached through five steps. The biological level helps to understand the interference and coevolution of chemical agents and biochemical mechanisms, thus demonstrating the vulnerability toward chemical agents. The psychological level approaches behavior and its change, taking into account the consequences of the substance-induced false feelings. The social, cultural and civilization levels take into account the effects of the non-physical environment by discussing the interactions among individuals, the benefits of communication and group formation, and the subsequently emerging conflicts. The integration at individual level is implemented by the Zinberg three-pillar model, while for the integration at the level of population the phenomenon of run-away is recommended in the literature. The paper disputes the latter and suggests the concept of civilization disease to describe the phenomenon. To explain the epidemic of chemical substance abuse in our age, two additional, interrelated reasons are listed: the change in the relation to time and spirituality. And also, the question whether the appearance of epigenetics in medical thinking means the renaissance of degenerationism is raised in the article. The author has finally arrived at the conclusion that the reasons for the increase of chemical substance use in the postmodern era are basically the consequences of the strengthened psycho-social mismatch such as the rate of environmental change, changes in social control, social insecurity and anxiety, and the secularization of drug use. Therefore, the clue to solve the problem is the rethinking of the opportunities provided by the development of technology and the role of human being therein. With other words a further paradigm changing is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 2","pages":"182-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37754120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Become the expert and embrace a positive attitude: communication strategies for discussing long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment with patients living with schizophrenia].","authors":"László Fehér,&nbsp;Lucie Kalisova,&nbsp;Slávka Dubinská,&nbsp;Levente Hermán,&nbsp;Jelena Susac,&nbsp;Michal Risler,&nbsp;Annette Wooller,&nbsp;Tamás Tényi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with schizophrenia often experience relapses that negatively impact long-term outcomes. Continuous antipsychotic treatment can reduce relapse risk; however, this can be hindered by nonadherence resulting from the poor insight, which is often associated with schizophrenia. A strong patient-physician-carer alliance can improve patient insight, and adherence. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment (LAT) provides continuous treatment; however, its acceptance by the patient is often compromised by a lack of physician-patient communication. The COMP approach (Connectedness, Openness, Motivation, Partnership) was developed to build effective communication and aid discussions around treatment. Insights on COMP fed into the development of COMPLETE - a tool for discussing LAT with eligible patients including the following components: 'Life goals', 'Establish connection between goals and therapy', 'Therapy introduction' and 'Encourage long-term motivation'. The overarching objective of COMPLETE is to improve long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. This article discusses the development of COMPLETE and its potential use in the management of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 2","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37754121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Theoretical Review of Robot Anxiety].","authors":"Balázs Örsi,&nbsp;Csilla Csukonyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to describe the effect of robot anxiety. The forming of the concept and the description of similar constructs, like technological anxiety and computer anxiety, is presented through a historical review. Given our current knowledge of this topic it seems that cognitive aspects are the key factors underlying robot anxiety. According to literature dissemination of knowledge appears as the best way to lower anxiety. Attempts to develop cognitive therapies are also mentioned. As presented a widely accepted instrument for the measurement of robot anxiety is yet to be developed. RAS and NARS are introduced as possible scales as they are often adapted to studies although both leave things to be desired. The \"Uncanny Valley\" is also discussed, as it can explain how the appearance of robots affect the approval they gain from people, thus emphasising the importance of the design of robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 2","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37754119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence, sociodemographic, and psychological characteristics of work addiction in the Hungarian adult population: Results of a nationally representative survey].","authors":"Bernadette Kun,&nbsp;Anna Magi,&nbsp;Katalin Felvinczi,&nbsp;Zsolt Demetrovics,&nbsp;Borbála Paksi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although work addiction has been first described in the 1970s, research on the field has only become intensified during the last decades. Symptoms of work addiction are similar to the characteristics of other behavioral addictions (e.g., tolerance, intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts, and withdrawal symptoms). Until today, only one nationally representative survey was conducted (in Norway) to estimate the prevalence of work addic - tion. Our aim was to explore the prevalence of work addiction in the Hungarian population and define the possible risk and protective factors of the problem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out on a nationally representative sample of the Hungarian adult population aged 16-64 years (N=2274) with the age group of 18-34 being over-representing. The weighted sample of the 18-64-yearold population covered 1490 individuals. Several sociodemographic variables were collected and the following measurements were applied: Bergen Work Addiction Scale; Brief Symptom Inventory; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; and Well-Being Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8% (95% CI ± 1.38%) of the Hungarian adult population currently having a job has been classified to be atrisk for work addiction, which means 4.7% (95% CI ± 1.07%) for the whole adult population. Binary logistic regression analyses identified the following risk factors: being female, higher satisfaction with the current job, dissatisfaction with the current health status, more frequent psychiatric symptoms, and a higher level of (motor) impulsiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We could identify several risk factors of work addiction and our results can be applied both in future research and in the practice of clinical psychology and work psychology. Our results have also highlighted that work addiction can be categorized closer to the impulsive end of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 3","pages":"289-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38134160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment Interventions in the Treatment of a Case of Binge Eating Disorder.","authors":"Tamás Dömötör Szalai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transdiagnostic model provides a framework for a flexible, evidence-based cognitivebehavioral treatment for eating disorders, emphasizing low self-esteem, perfectionism, mood intolerance and inter - personal difficulties. Although attachment has a strong influence on these factors there is no treatment which focuses concurrently on both the cognitive-behavioral and the attachment-related maintaining factors underlying eating disorder symptoms. Thus, the aim was to test a short, multilevel treatment for eating disorders which integrates cognitive-behavioral and attachment interventions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 20-year-old female displayed mild binge eating disorder, anxious avoidant attachment style, critical body checking and high success-perfectionism demand. Symptom-relevant aspects of attachment were incor - porated into the personalized case model, and attachment interventions were integrated to the transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatment framework. The improvement of the patient's attachment security and reflective functioning, and the decrease of social avoidance in low moods were associated with cessation of symptoms at a one month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When attachment dysfunctions play a part in triggering or maintaining eating disorder symptoms a multi - level treatment targeting both attachment functioning and the cognitive-behavioral factors underlying symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35063,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Hungarica","volume":"35 3","pages":"307-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38134161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}