Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Biofortification for Enhancement of Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Kalapa Swarna Latha, Satya Prakash","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68695","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiency, often termed \"hidden hunger,\" is a significant global health issue affecting over three billion people worldwide. Given that wheat is a primary staple grain in many developing countries, it is crucial to focus on enhancing its nutritional content, as it often lacks essential micronutrients. Biofortification offers a promising solution to this problem by increasing the levels of key nutrients in the edible parts of crops through both agronomic and genetic approaches. This article examines the potential of biofortification in wheat, targeting vital micronutrients like iron and zinc. By employing traditional breeding methods alongside modern genetic techniques such as genome sequencing, Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping, and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), researchers aim to boost the bioavailability and concentration of these nutrients in wheat varieties. The genetic variability observed in wild wheat relatives plays a significant role in identifying traits that can enhance the nutritional profile of wheat. The benefits of biofortified wheat are numerous, especially for resource-limited consumers who rely heavily on cereal-based diets. Increased concentrations of iron and zinc in wheat could improve the health and well-being of these populations, helping to combat hidden hunger on a global scale. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of agronomic and genetic strategies for wheat biofortification, with a specific focus on increasing zinc and iron content in wheat grains. It discusses the progress made in biofortification research and outlines the various breeding approaches and genetic tools used to enhance wheat's nutritional content. By leveraging these strategies, wheat biofortification has the potential to address micronutrient deficiencies and contribute to improved public health outcomes worldwide.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"30 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Breeding for Oil Quality Enhancement in Indian Mustard (Brassica spp. L.): Achievements, Challenges, and Research Opportunities","authors":"Prity Kumari Singh, Satya Prakash","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68689","url":null,"abstract":"Major objectives in oil crop improvement are enhancement of seed and oil yield, quality of oil according to its use, i.e. edible or industrial uses, breeding of varieties that fit in different cropping systems and breeding biotic and abiotic stress resistant/tolerant varieties. Despite traditional breeding approaches, including pure line breeding, yielding only modest gains in productivity, recent advancements in mustard breeding have led to significant breakthroughs in both productivity and oil quality. This review discusses the innovative breeding strategies that have contributed to these advancements, with a focus on hybrid development, oil quality enhancement, and biotechnological approaches. To enhance productivity, researchers at the University of Delhi have developed hybrid seed production techniques using transgenic Barnase-barstar systems and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems. These systems enable large-scale hybrid seed production, with field trials demonstrating significant yield heterosis ranging from 31% to 55% compared to national check varieties. In addition to productivity, improving oil and meal quality has been a key objective. By integrating genes from canola-quality mustard lines, breeders have achieved reductions in erucic acid and glucosinolates, enhancing the health profile and industrial applicability of mustard oil. A high-density linkage map developed using an F1 double haploid mapping population has facilitated the marker-assisted backcross breeding of desirable traits, enabling precise transfer of key quality traits. Transgenic approaches, such as antisense RNA technology, have led to the development of high-oleic, low-linoleic mustard lines with improved fatty acid profiles. These advancements reflect a strategic combination of conventional and biotechnological methods, demonstrating a clear pathway for boosting mustard yields while enhancing oil quality. Molecular markers reported for genetic diversity assessment, mapping and tagging genes/QTLs for different qualitative and quantitative traits and their use in marker-assisted selection have been presented. This progress not only addresses current challenges but also sets the stage for future research aimed at further optimizing productivity, oil quality, and resistance to pests and diseases in mustard cultivation.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in DNA Extraction Techniques: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Applications","authors":"Samilla Sheershika, Mukh Ram","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68683","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of DNA is a fundamental process in molecular biology, underpinning a wide range of applications from genetic research to forensic science and medical diagnostics. This review aims to explore the latest advancements in DNA extraction techniques, highlighting their principles, applications, and suitability for various types of biological samples. Traditional DNA extraction methods, such as phenol-chloroform and ethanol precipitation, have served as the backbone of DNA isolation for decades. However, these techniques often involve hazardous chemicals and can be time-consuming. Recent advancements have focused on developing safer, faster, and more efficient methods, with a focus on automation and scalability. Innovations such as magnetic bead-based extraction, silica column purification, and specialized kits have greatly simplified the process, allowing for high-throughput applications in clinical and research settings. In addition to these technical improvements, new approaches have emerged to address specific challenges, such as extracting DNA from degraded or trace samples, as seen in forensic investigations, or isolating cell-free DNA for non-invasive prenatal testing and cancer diagnostics. Moreover, microfluidic devices and lab-on-a-chip technologies are transforming the landscape by enabling DNA extraction from minute samples with minimal reagent consumption. This review discusses the principles underlying these advanced techniques, their benefits and limitations, and the specific contexts in which they excel. It also considers future trends, including further automation, integration with sequencing platforms, and the potential for point-of-care applications. By examining the current state of DNA extraction technology, this review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive guide to the best methods for their specific needs.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Genetic Diversity and Agronomic Performance of Okra Varieties Using Variance Analysis","authors":"Khalid Syfullah, Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Mahmudul Hasan Manik, Md. Imdadul Haque, Aliya Adiba Khanam, Abdullah All Imtiaz, Md Ruhul Kuddus Joha","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68684","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Genetics and Plant Breeding Department of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka Bangladesh during March 2017 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Twenty eight genotypes of okra were used in this study which was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and local market. The extent of diversity present between genotypes determines the extent of improvement gained through selection and hybridization. The more divergent the two genotypes are the more will be the probability of improving through selection and hybridization. Mean square of most of the characters studied revealed that genotypes showed highly significant (P< 0.01) differences for all the traits studied.  High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed for primary branches (43.91 and 33.64) and fruit yield per plant (37.51 and 32.48). So, divergent genotypes are recommended to use as parents in future hybridization program.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and Molecular Outlook of Host-pathogen Interaction and Resistance Strategies against White Rust in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)","authors":"Kirandeep Kaur, S. Shrivastav","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68680","url":null,"abstract":"White rust, caused by the oomycete pathogen Albugo candida, poses a significant threat to mustard cultivation, leading to reduced yields and compromised oilseed quality. This study explores the genomic and molecular mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interaction in B. juncea and outlines resistance strategies to counter white rust. While it is the predominant oilseed Brassica species in India, it is cultivated on a smaller scale in China and Australia. Due to its drought-hardy nature, B. juncea is being bred for canola-quality traits to expand its cultivation into lower rainfall regions. Research has demonstrated that resistance to white rust in B. juncea is regulated by a single dominant gene, and numerous lines, such as 'Bio-YSR', 'BEC-144', and 'JM-1', exhibit this trait. Comparative proteomic studies identified 19 proteins with significant expression changes between resistant and susceptible varieties. One key protein, PR-5, a thaumatin-like protein, has been linked to the resistance mechanism. Recent advances in genomic research, including the use of AFLPs, intron polymorphic markers, and SSRs, have enabled breeders to track and validate resistance traits. Enrichment of NLR repertoire, over-expression of R genes, silencing of avirulent and disease susceptibility genes through RNA interference and CRSPR-Cas are technologies which have been successfully applied against pathogen-resistance mechanism. These findings pave the way for genetic-based approaches to develop white rust-resistant B. juncea cultivars, providing a sustainable strategy to protect oilseed production in diverse climatic conditions. This study's insights contribute to a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions and offer promising solutions to mitigate the impact of white rust on mustard crops.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Enriched Organic Manures on Head Quality, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica)","authors":"Sindhu V, Ranjit Chatterjee, Santhoshkumar G M, E. Ramesh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68676","url":null,"abstract":"The present field experiment was carried out to study the performance of enriched organic manures containing farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure on head quality, nutrient uptake and economics of sprouting broccoli during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at UBKV, West Bengal, India, which comprised of 8 treatment combinations in randomized block design with 3 replications. The results of the field experiment showed that the use of Azophos biofertilizer enriched vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha along with Azophos biofertilizer enriched poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha as basal + top dressing of Azophos biofertilizer enriched vermicompost @ 0.5 t/ha along with Azophos biofertilizer enriched poultry manure @ 0.5 t/ha each (T7) significantly improved the head yield (20.47 t/ha) and superior head quality in terms of the maximum TSS (8.14°Brix), vitamin A (288.97 IU/100 g) and vitamin C (90.00 mg/100 g) of organic broccoli. The greatest benefit to cost ratio (1.93) was also obtained from the treatment T7. Hence, the treatment T7 can be recommended for sustainable production of organic sprouting broccoli under terai region of West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Disease on Growth and Yield of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Genotypes","authors":"Shalini Devi, Gurpreet Kaur, Anju Pathania, Reenu Kumari, Lakhmir Singh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48653","url":null,"abstract":"Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), also known as urdbean, stands as a significant pulse crop cultivated globally. Among the viral diseases documented in blackgram, Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Disease (ULCD) emerges as particularly devastating, leading to substantial economic losses contingent upon factors such as seasonal variations and cultivated varieties. In this study, six cultivars of urdbean (M114, M218, M338, T9, N7, and M1008) were subjected to scrutiny regarding their growth and yield-related attributes under ULCD infection. Employing a randomized block design (RBD), data pertaining to each yield-contributing factor were meticulously recorded from both healthy and infected urdbean plants and analysed using two way ANOVA. A pronounced reduction across all yield parameters was noted in virus-infected plants, manifesting in diminished plant height by 2.02-37.01%, pod size by 1.10-51.30%, seed/pod ratio by 4.41-61.46%, 100-seed weight by 2.73%-51.37%, pod number per plant by 3.72-63.86%, and number of branches per plant ranging from 0.84 to 48.43%. Upon comparative analysis of all urdbean genotypes, it can be deduced that genotypes M114, M218, and M338 exhibit lesser susceptibility to urdbean leaf crinkle disease, thereby positioning them as promising candidates for breeding programs and cultivation endeavors aimed at achieving higher yields.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"120 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates Indirect Selection Parameters Through Correlation and Path Analysis in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)","authors":".. Ankit, Shivendra Pratap Singh, Sonali Ambadas Aware, A. Tiwari, Seetal B. Sindha, Sushma Raj Chellem, .. Ramnivas, Dharm Veer Singh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48652","url":null,"abstract":"An important rabi oilseed crop, linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has diploid chromosomal number 2n=30. According to Tadesse et al. (2009), L. usitatissimum is a single species in the Linaceae family of commercial value. According to correlation coefficient analyses, there is a strong intrinsic inherent between the different qualities because the genotypic correlation values were larger than the equivalent phenotypic correlation values. The biological yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield per plant all shown a highly significant and favorable correlation. It suggested that grain yield might be enhanced under selection by enhancing these features. The results of the genotypic path coefficient analysis of seed yield and its contributing characters showed that harvest index, days to 50% flowering, number of secondary branches per plant, and number of primary branches per plant were the next most important factors that positively influenced grain yield per plant. These findings suggested that selection based on these traits could increase yield. The biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of primary branches per plant, days to maturity, and days to 50% flowering were found to have the greatest positive direct effects on seed yield per plant based on phenotypic path coefficient analysis of grain yield and its contributing features.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"121 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Human Chimerism: Contemporary Perspective on Embryonic Development by Cellular Fusion and Artificial Methods","authors":"Pooja Pillai, Jhoshitha D, Joshitha A, Summana Sree G, Akoijam Charulata Devi, Dadam Tejasree, Shifa Raihaan Siddique","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48650","url":null,"abstract":"Chimerism, a fascinating biological occurrence, occurs when an organism possesses cells from two or more individuals, often stemming from the death of a fraternal twin. This phenomenon plays a role in stem cell biology, where pluripotent stem cells combine with embryos, influencing cancerous cell development. Human chimerism is observed in 5–15% of people, and artificial chimeras are created in stem cell research for organ development studies. Macrochimeras, with a hermaphrodite phenotype, are associated with sexuality and transgender identity. Tetragametic chimerism involves an unknown fraternal twin inside an individual, resulting in a unique mix of sexes. Research on chimerism in transplantation models contributes to regenerative medicine and disease-resistant crops, albeit with ethical concerns. In summary, chimerism is significant for understanding development, studying diseases, and advancing regenerative medicine, despite ethical considerations.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 80","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Shivendra Pratap Singh, Pooran Chand, S. Dikshit, Anjali Singh, Vishal Singh, A. Tiwari, Dharm Veer Singh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i3-48649","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation entitled “Characterization and Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” involving forty four genotypes was aim to study the genetic divergence analysis. The traits under study were days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, spike length, total number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index, 1000 seed weight and protein content. The maximum inter cluster D2 value observed between cluster I and VI followed by cluster II and III, cluster III and VI, cluster II and V, cluster IV and V, cluster II and VI, cluster II and IV, cluster IV and VI, cluster III and IV, cluster V and VI, cluster I and IV, cluster I and II, cluster III and V, cluster I and III and lowest was recorded between cluster I and V. The plant height contributed maximum divergence followed by number of grains per spike, harvest index, days to 50% flowering, 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant, days to maturity, spikelets per spike, productive tillers per plant, protein content and spike length can be used for selecting parents from distinctly placed clusters to obtain high heterotic effects and transgressive segregants.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}