International Journal of Space Structures最新文献

{"title":"From abundance to scarcity: Learning from the past and designing future structures for hazardous conditions utilising limited resources","authors":"M. Dall’Igna, O. Baverel","doi":"10.1177/09560599221120031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221120031","url":null,"abstract":"When we think about structural design on Earth, one of the first aspects a structural designer investigates is local loads. In order to build mathematical models and simulations, structural engineers must have an appropriately defined load case scenario to work with. Earthquakes, hurricanes and floods are some of the extreme natural disasters a structural engineer needs to account for. However, here on Earth, we are an intergalactically safe heaven. We have access and sufficient time to understand and adapt the diverse planetary situations. Now, let us imagine two scenarios: (a) moving humans to approximately 384,400 km above the Earth’s surface, and (b) offsetting the Earth’s Goldilocks Zone by at least 55 million kilometres. All of our load cases would drastically change. The reader may have already noticed that we are referring to the Moon or Mars respectively. Some of the structural constraints of building infrastructure for humans on the Moon and Mars are as follows: On scenario a, because we have gone beyond our magnetic field, we lose our precious atmosphere. With no air, we have no air pressure. On scenario b, with the disappearance of a magnetic field that has stripped the atmosphere over time, some pressure remains. However, the atmosphere is approximately 100 times thinner. One survival factor for humans is the right combination of gases under the ideal pressure and therefore there is a need for an artificial atmosphere. That gives us a peculiar force to account for – outwards pressure. Exposure to isotropic and anisotropic radiation determines life, or the lack of it. With an active sun and deprived of proper atmosphere, infrastructure needs to provide sufficient protection, regardless of being underground, partially buried or overground. For the latter, thicker protection increases self-weight. For the former, retention walls may be necessary. Radiation protection will consequentially form and influence the load case. In both scenarios, a benefit may be that we reduce gravity by a sixth or a third respectively, but we may need to make construction adjustments. For scenario a, with vacuum, sun radiation has no obstacles. Temperature fluctuations can oscillate within a range of nearly 300°C between above and below 0°C. For scenario b, with a much greater distance from the sun, our scale translation brings us to an yearly average of −60°C. In extreme cold, or with huge temperature differentials, materials and some structures do not behave in the way they would on Earth. Therefore, extreme temperatures is another constraint. As celestial bodies age, their cores change and reflect on more superficial layers in the form of a quake, which can last longer than the ones we usually model for. Without, or even with a thinner atmospheric shield, impact from bodies travelling at intergalactic high speeds is a force that may interact with our partially buried and overground structures. Wind may not be a problem for our scenario a, however charged ","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"171 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of lunar habitat concepts","authors":"H. Benaroya","doi":"10.1177/09560599221119103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221119103","url":null,"abstract":"A tremendous effort has been expended to understand the lunar environment for scientific purposes as well as for the eventual drive to settle and create an extension of human civilization on the Moon and then Mars. We summarize these environmental challenges and identify two designs that are representative of current thinking for first- and second-generation lunar habitats. Interestingly, the basic habitat structural options have not fundamentally changed over the last half century, even though technical advances have occurred as has our understanding of the lunar environment. As such, the potential quality of the conceived habitats has improved without much change in their appearances. This paper is only meant to provide an overview of the subject and is not representative of the literature, which numbers in the tens of thousands of documents. The citations herein are a door to a subset of those vast references.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"187 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48289365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-Earth infrastructure assembly: A conceptual method for scaffoldless and mortarless component-based structures in static equilibrium","authors":"M. Konstantatou, Salvador C. Navarro Perez, Daniel Piker, M. Dall’Igna, Irene Gallou","doi":"10.1177/09560599221120032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221120032","url":null,"abstract":"Extra-terrestrial infrastructure design and architecture are experiencing a resurgence due to the prospect of permanent human presence on celestial bodies such as our moon and Mars. There, the conditions and constraints within which structural design and assembly should be developed are extreme – for example, scarcity of processed structural material, labour, machinery and imports from Earth. Consequently, the guiding design principles for building off-Earth should include efficient In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) and reusability. Significantly, these aspects have striking similarities to some characteristics of our vernacular construction history on Earth, such as inherent material efficiency and use of local materials. The majority of contemporary proposals for off-Earth design concern 3D-printed monolithic structures which are not reusable nor reconfigurable. As a result, there is scope for developing component-based, recyclable infrastructure which is based on efficient ISRU. In this research paper, we propose a two-fold assembly and structural design methodology which synthesises three-dimensional geometries in static equilibrium and vernacular construction techniques for deriving scaffoldless, component-based structures. This framework is underpinned by the development of a bespoke mechanically interlocking system which enables mortarless construction. This minimises the need for importing material binders and maximises the reconfigurability and reusability of off-Earth infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"196 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development studies at NASA on large orbital structures, 1975–1985","authors":"D. Nixon","doi":"10.1177/09560599221120030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221120030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a review of early development studies on structures carried out by NASA and US aerospace contractors between 1975 and 1985 before and during the initiation of the Space Station programme. The studies envisioned very large structures built in orbit using the Space Shuttle, then in the process of entering service. Their original purpose was to function as solar power, antenna and communications platforms. The studies explored the application of automatically-fabricated trusses, then preassembled deployable trusses, and then astronaut-assembled erectable trusses. By the time of the Station’s go-ahead in 1984, a large erectable truss structure formed the backbone of the Station’s design. Erectable trusses were successfully tested on a Space Shuttle mission in 1985 but later abandoned after the Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Taken together, the 1975–1985 development studies have much historical significance as the first generation of ideas about large engineered structures for extraterrestrial applications.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"173 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion on cable-strut systems of the suspen-dome structures","authors":"Renjie Liu, Muqiao Li, Tianchen Cheng","doi":"10.1177/09560599221119042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221119042","url":null,"abstract":"According to the architectural requirements, the roof structure of a large-span gymnasium adopts the suspen-dome structure. In the scheme selection stage of the pre-stressed cable-strut system at the bottom part of the suspen-dome structure, a Levy-type scheme and a Loop-free scheme are established. The finite element models are established, and the static analysis under the design loads, the whole process analysis of load-displacement, and the dynamic response analysis after accidental cable break are carried out. The architectural expression of the two schemes are discussed. The component material consumption, the structural stiffness, the tension distribution characteristics, and the static bearing capacity of the two schemes are discussed. The failure mode and the progressive collapse resistance of the two schemes after accidental cable break are also discussed. The results show that the Loop-free scheme requires significantly less in terms of component material consumption than the Levy-type scheme. The static failure mode of the two schemes is strength failure, but the Loop-free scheme has greater bearing capacity. The Loop-free scheme has greater structural stiffness, lower cable forces, and uniformly distributed cable forces in each layer, and lower stress on the top reticulated shell members. Neither of the two schemes experience progressive collapse after accidental cable break. Due to the rupture in the loop cable of the Levy-type scheme, the rigidity of the rear region decreases greatly, and the cable force loss is large. On the contrary, internal force redistribution occurs in the Loop-free cable scheme and the cable force loss is not obvious, hence the progressive collapse resistance is better than that of the Levy-type scheme.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"38 1","pages":"20 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44276343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Eden Project: The geometry of the Domes","authors":"Jaime Sanchez-Alvarez","doi":"10.1177/09560599221110220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221110220","url":null,"abstract":"The Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, has probably the largest greenhouse complex in the world, comprehending eight interconnected spherical geodesic domes. The geometric design and optimisation of the double-layered spherical structures focussed primarily on the hexagonal grids of the external dome surfaces, where optimisation consisted of minimising the number of component types, being these components, faces, line lengths and angle combinations at grid nodes. The present article reviews the general geometric definition of the Eden Domes and elaborates, for the first time since the domes design around the year 2000, on their geometric optimisation. The results of this rationalisation are presented in colour images, which were produced with state-of-the-art (2021) software tools 20 years after the design development. The images reveal the geometric ‘economy’ – here, the extreme reduction of geometric component types – and the high symmetrical order of these structural configurations. The aim of the present paper is to present the thorough geometric specification of the Eden Domes in a single document that answers in detail the question of how the Eden Domes grids were geometrically constructed.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43979010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of snowdrift on an air-supported membrane structure and response analysis under snow loads","authors":"He Yanli, Yan Xiaolin, Liu Xiongyan","doi":"10.1177/09560599221108624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221108624","url":null,"abstract":"The air supported membrane structure is a typical nonlinear flexible long-span space structure, the wind-induced drift and the resulting accumulation and distribution of snow particles on the structure may be the primary design concern among all loads in heavy-snowfall region. Thus, an accurate prediction of snow distribution on membrane surface is vital to structural design. A numerical simulation method is used to estimate snowdrift in this paper. Based on Euler-Euler method in multi-phase flow theory, this numerical model adopted Mixture model and combined with the snow deposition and erosion model, the snowdrift on an air-supported membrane coal shed is simulated, the distribution factor for roof snow load is given under different wind speed and different directions to estimate the worst load case, snow load on the air-supported membrane structure is significantly affected by snowdrift which causes significant non-uniform snow load. Furthermore, the response analysis of the air-supported membrane structure under snow load is studied, for comparison, uniform snow load case, non-uniform snow load case, and simulated snow load case under 0° wind direction are all considered. The results show that non-uniform snow load caused by snow drifting is more dangerous and should be considered.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"38 1","pages":"4 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42501581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalent static loads for double-layered domes supported by multistorey buckling-restrained braced frames","authors":"Deepshikha Nair, Yuki Terazawa, T. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1177/09560599221097834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221097834","url":null,"abstract":"Curved gridshells are excited not only in the horizontal direction but also experience large anti-symmetric vertical accelerations when subjected to horizontal earthquake ground motions. In addition to the coupled response, gridshells exhibit closely spaced modes and substructure-roof interaction. Nevertheless, previous studies have proposed elastic horizontal and vertical equivalent static seismic forces considering these complex dynamic response characteristics. These are determined from the input horizontal acceleration at the substructure’s roof level, an assumed acceleration distribution, nodal roof masses and amplification factors derived from the dynamic characteristics of the dome and substructure. To extend this methodology to nonlinear substructures with displacement-dependent damping devices, this paper investigates the applicability of ductility reduction factors (or Rμ factors) to estimate the inelastic response spectra and an alternative equivalent linearisation approach to compute the peak horizontal acceleration of multistorey substructures with buckling-restrained braces. This is achieved by modelling the curved roof as a rigid mass for the substructure model, and using its idealised base shear-roof displacement relationship obtained from modal pushover analyses. The peak horizontal acceleration of the substructure is then used to obtain the equivalent static loads of the curved roof using amplification factors, and the accuracies are verified against the results from nonlinear response history analyses. It was confirmed that the Rμ R μ factors combined with the roof amplification factors provide a simple way to estimate the peak roof response with sufficient accuracy for preliminary design of domes with multistorey substructures having low post-yield stiffness.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"227 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A finite element formulation for clustered cables with sliding-induced friction","authors":"N. Bel Hadj Ali, Omar Aloui, L. Rhode-Barbarigos","doi":"10.1177/09560599221084597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221084597","url":null,"abstract":"Clustered (continuous) cables reflect an advantageous solution for reducing the number of tensile elements in engineering systems. During the tensioning or activation of tensile structures, such as cable structures, membranes and tensegrity structures, the deficiency of having to control too many elements can be overcome by employing clustered cables. The use of clustered cables has been shown to alter the structural behavior of tensile systems by modifying the force distribution in the systems. This effect has been showcased under the assumption of frictionless sliding of the cable elements across nodes or pulleys. However, friction can have also impact on the behavior of the system. In this paper, a new Finite Element formulation is proposed for the static analysis of tensile structures with clustered cables. The proposed formulation accommodates sliding-induced friction by the consideration of the Euler-Eytelwein equation as well as geometric nonlinearities. It is found that the sliding-induced friction can significantly modify the force distribution in the system. The applicability and importance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated through the analysis of two examples from the literature.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"81 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Physical models","authors":"P. Wicks","doi":"10.1177/09560599221084135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599221084135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}