The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0005
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Co-Authors","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores shared identity as a basis for exile politics. It provides a dialogical account of individual and social or collective identities that conceives of these as a narrative. It then provides an overview of associative obligations and argues that shared identity generates special duties that can account for why exiles go beyond the minimal duty to assist. Shared identity can help address obstacles to collective action and make these more extensive efforts practicable and effective. Exile complicates identity, however. Exile engenders greater pluralism in exile and exile provides a site for identities suppressed back home to survive and flourish, ensuring that marginalized perspectives are given some expression. This pluralism, however, can hinder prospects for collective action, and lead to systematic divergences between the homeland and those in exile. Exile politics’ ameliorative function back home is in tension with, although not necessarily fatal to, its ability to perform a corrective function abroad.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0003
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Witnesses","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the role of witness testimony in exile politics. Drawing on the duty of assistance, it argues that exiles are capable bystanders uniquely positioned to assist those left behind. This duty often involves bearing witness to the suffering from which they have fled, alerting others—especially capable outsiders—in order to secure assistance. This chapter then considers three objections to imputing such a duty to exiles, who are victims of persecution. The chapter concludes by examining limits to the duty to assist, as well as the limits of testimony as a mode of providing assistance, given the challenges of reaching consensus, coordinating efforts, and navigating the asymmetries that characterize the transnational domain.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0004
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Solidary Intermediaries","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores solidarity as a mode of collective action by which exiles ought to seek assistance. It applies Avery Kolers’s account of political solidarity, which is especially attentive to the asymmetries between those seeking assistance—solidary objects—and those providing assistance—solidary agents. In particular, Kolers’s requirement of deference addresses concerns about motivation, coordination, and asymmetry. I argue that, in order to realize this model of solidarity, a third category of actors—solidary intermediaries—is essential. I outline the requirements of acting as a solidary intermediary and assess how well exiles can meet these requirements. Drawing on the case study of Chilean exiles, I illustrate exiles’ role in enabling solidarity and the challenges they face in doing so.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132205181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0006
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Stakeholders","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how much influence exiles are entitled to wield in the homeland. I situate this question in the broader boundary problem in democratic theory: how to determine who is entitled to participate in collective decision-making. I examine two leading principles of inclusion, and then elaborate on and apply the stakeholder principle: insofar as exiles have particular interests at stake, they are entitled to a correspondingly weighty say. The stakeholder principle admits of a hierarchy of stake and say, which protects against the moral hazards of ‘long-distance nationalism’ while reaffirming that identification alone entitles exiles to some say. I outline three types of interests exiles can have at stake and illustrate the competing interests within a stakeholder community, and the problem of some exiles having disproportionate influence. The stakeholder principle correctly diagnoses worries about ‘armchair revolutionaries’: the problem with exile influence is not when exiles have a say, but when they have too much of a say relative to others.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0007
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Representatives","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers whether exiles can advance valid representative claims and under what conditions. The representative claim is implicit in exiles’ efforts to assist those left behind and to enable transnational solidarity with them. But it is often made explicitly, both by those who have formed themselves into governments-in-exile and those who act less formally. The representative claim is powerful. When valid, it grants exiles authority, placing their political claims and preferences on the same footing as those left behind; it empowers them to negotiate and make settlements; and it obligates third parties to defer to them. This chapter identifies three elements of representation—authorization, acting for, and accountability—and assesses the extent to which exiles can satisfy these elements. It identifies the importance of ‘connecting criteria’ between exiles and their putative constituents in the homeland and the role of third parties in ensuring accountability.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116320971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0008
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Exiles as Principled Disobedients","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins an enquiry into political methods, focusing on disruptive protest and principled disobedience, which has featured in the different case studies examined in the book. Standardly, principled disobedience is justified because of its role in enhancing democratic deliberation and justice in the society it disrupts. Exile protest targets wrongdoing in another society that might have no connection to the place in which the protest takes place. I argue that, even though the paradigm case of exile disobedience does not fit the standard case, it can still perform these ameliorative functions in receiving communities and still be justified. And, even when it does not, I argue that exiles’ communities of residence have a duty to accommodate exile protest. Exile politics may also perform a corrective function in exiles’ communities of residence, which also present constraints on how exile politics ought to be carried out.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exile","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10crcwr.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crcwr.25","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of exile as a historical practice and identifies some of the functions that exile performs. It then provides a definition of exile and elaborates on three key elements: territorial absence, public pressure, and an orientation of return. It distinguishes exile from closely related concepts, such as diasporas and refugees. It provides a typology of exile politics where, given exiles’ goals and methods, exiles act as revolutionaries, dissidents, social innovators, and immigrant activists. This typology is intended only to illustrate the varying nature of exile politics and to help situate some of the case studies that will be relied on throughout the book.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114677282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ethics of ExilePub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0009
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Ashwini Vasanthakumar","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828938.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter summarizes the argument: it outlines the roles exiles play in the homeland and the corrective functions these roles can perform. It explores two tensions that run through exile politics: first, between exiles’ duties to assist those in the homeland and their entitlement to pursue their own ideals and interests; and second, between exiles’ reliance on third parties to enable exiles’ different roles and their ability to correct asymmetries with third parties. It concludes by briefly considers the implications of exile politics for duties to exiles.","PeriodicalId":349544,"journal":{"name":"The Ethics of Exile","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132120015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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