Optometry & Contact Lenses最新文献

{"title":"Verändern MKH-Prismen den binokularen Vorteil beim Lesen?","authors":"Joëlle Joss, S. Jainta","doi":"10.54352/dozv.rxve7717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.rxve7717","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Reading with both eyes comes with a binocular advantage (shorter total reading times and fixation durations in binocular compared to monocular reading), which results from binocular fusional processes. Binocular advantages in reading typically vary with the amount of individual, horizontal heterophoria and thus, we investigated whether prismatic lenses (measured with the MCH method and worn to com- pensate any heterophoria) have a short- or long-term effect on binocular advantages when reading. Material and Methods. We measured the binocular eye movements (Eyelink II) of 54 participants with individual horizontal heterophoria when reading a total of 120 Ger- man-language sentences (1) monocularly, (2) binocularly, (3) binocularly with disparity (corresponding to an MCH prism), and (4) binocularly with disparity after 6 months. In the 6-month interval between measurements (3) and (4), 29 participants wore glasses with prismatic corrections, while 25 participants were considered the control group. Results. Our data showed a clear, significant advantage for binocular reading on all participants. A short-term, individual disparity (analogous to an MCH prism) did not alter this result. An additional tendency towards a greater binocular advan- tage in the “prism group” compared to the “control group” was only observed after using a prismatic lens for 6 months. Additionally, saccade disconjugacy increased slightly and the objective fixation disparity decreased significantly. Conclusion. Individual prismatic corrections (MCH) had an effect on some aspects of the binocular coordination during reading and increased the binocular advantage in our het- erophoric participants after 6 months of wearing prismatic corrections. This delayed effect on fusion during reading is new and calls for further research. Keywords binocular advantage, horizontal heterophoria, binocular vision, reading, binocular coordination","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry & Contact Lenses","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121549677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warum das Testen der Vergenz so kompliziert ist - Die subjektive und die objektive Fixationsdisparität","authors":"W. Jaschinski","doi":"10.54352/dozv.umhv5676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.umhv5676","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This review article describes recent findings of eye movement research of ocular vergence and provides an in- terpretation regarding those aspects of binocular vision that are assessed by clinical nonius tests. Material and Methods. In the clinical practice of binocular testing, different types of nonius tests are traditionally used for the vergence position of the eyes: near to a fusion stim- ulus, the test includes monocularly presented nonius lines; the perceived nonius offset is understood as a measure of “subjective fixation disparity”. However, in basic research precise eye movement recording systems are applied since the 1980s for measuring the “objective fixation disparity”. Results. The correlation between subjective and objective measures of fixation disparity tends to be low. Subjective measures are typically much smaller than objective measures. Conclusion. A precise terminology for the results of these measurements allows one to describe the physiological dif- ferences between the two aspects of fixation disparity. Recent research findings may be the basis for reconsidering the mechanisms of motor and sensory fusion and interpreting the clinical findings accordingly. With the help of video eye track- ers, it is now possible to conduct clinically-oriented optom- etric research of subjective and objective fixation disparity. Keywords Binocular vision, fixation disparity, vergence, fusion","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry & Contact Lenses","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132504164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augenuntersuchungen bei Schulkindern mit einer Autismus-Spektrums-Störung: Eine Fallserie zur Beurteilung von Strategien und Hilfsmitteln","authors":"Rachel A. Coulter, Erin Jenewein, Yin Tea, Gregory Fecho, Annette Bade, Jacqueline Rodena","doi":"10.54352/dozv.ednq8168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.ednq8168","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To present a case series of how five Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients completed a comprehensive eye ex- amination when visual, sensory, and communication supports and tests and techniques minimizing tactile defensiveness were employed. Methods. Patients, between 9 and 17 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD completed an eye examination using a protocol designed to accommodate communication, sensory processing, and motor challenges. Parents provided informa- tion regarding verbal communication level (nonverbal, uses short words, verbal). Results. 5 patients (2 females, 3 males) completed the protocol. Two were verbal and three were nonverbal or minimally verbal. Of these, 1 patient used a communication device to response Yes/No, 1 reviewed a social story in advance of the examination, 2 used a Lea acuity response card, 1 used the palm of a hand in place of an occlude, 1 utilized a sensory fidget. Conclusion. ASD patients, including those who are nonverbal or limited verbal language as reported by their parents, vary in their needs and responses, but can complete many vision and eye tests in a comprehensive eye examination when supports are provided. Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, eye examination, sensory pro- cessing, communication Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, eye examination, sensory pro- cessing, communication","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry & Contact Lenses","volume":"33 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133280822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blaulichtfilter und deren Auswirkung auf den Pupillenlichtreflex","authors":"René Freiherr von Künßberg, H. Plischke, W. Eisenbarth","doi":"10.54352/dozv.epuu2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.epuu2545","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The increasing exposure to artificial blue light sources has spawned an equal interest in spectacle lenses that protect against this potentially harmful proportion of light. This study compared the performance of different blue light filtering spectacle lenses and investigated whether a reduction in blue light transmission affects light-dependent physiological processes. Material and Methods. The wavelength-specific transmission of various spectacle lenses was determined by spectrometer and the influence of the lenses on the PIPR (Post Illumination Pupil Response) was evaluated. Thirty-six eyes of 18 adults (20 - 30 years) were measured by monocular, direct chromatic pupillometry with and without blue light filtering lenses. The modified pupillometer (PupilX from Albomed GmbH) with red and blue stimulation was used with a pupil exposure time of 30 seconds (darkness: 1 s; light stimulus: 1 s; darkness: 28 s). Results. In the main action spectrum of the blue light hazard (400 nm ≤ λ ≤ 500 nm), the transparent blue light filter showed lower absorption compared to “comfort- and wellness” lenses of filter category 1 (absorption: 19.60 % to 25.27 % and 65.04 % to 97.43 %). In the early and late phase of the post illumination pupil reflex (PIPR) after a blue light stimulus, we detected a significantly smaller area under the curve (p < 0.001), a larger normalized pupil diameter (p < 0.001), and a larger curvature index in an exponential interpolation (p < 0.001) when the “comfort- and wellness-” lenses were used. Conclusion. Blue light filtering lenses have been shown to reduce the transmission of blue light and thus can minimize the risk of blue light exposure. By simultaneously reducing the stimulation of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), light-modulated physiological processes such as circadian regulation could be altered. The use of “comfortand wellness” lenses showed a significant change in the PIPR. An influence by transparent, blue-light filtering spectacle lenses could not be detected. Keywords Blue light filtering spectacle lenses, blue light hazard, chromatic pupillometry, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, circadian rhythm","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129362107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of the topography of the sclera: a literature review","authors":"S. Bandlitz","doi":"10.54352/dozv.qaox4941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.qaox4941","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Although a major part of the anterior surface of the eyeball is formed by the sclera, there is little confirmed data on topography of the sclera compared to the cornea. The goal of this paper was to provide an update of relevant literature published on anatomy and topography of the anterior sclera. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed using the key words “scleral” and “topography.” 66 of the 310 papers dealt with the topic and were used for this present review. In addition, 5 articles from the Germanlanguage non-peer-reviewed literature were included. Results. Several studies have demonstrated the utility of modern measurement and examination techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), Scheimpflug imaging, or Fourier-based profilometry in the assessment of scleral parameters. These allow a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and shape of the anterior sclera, simplified contact lens selection, prediction of lens fit, and assessment of changes in scleral topography. The shape of the sclera can be influenced by factors such as age, refraction, accommodation, convergence, thickness, stiffness, modulus of elasticity, intraocular pressure, keratoconus and contact lens wear. Conclusion. A comprehensive understanding of the biometric properties and topography of the sclera of the anterior segment of the eye is an essential component for both the design and fitting of scleral as well as soft contact lenses. Keywords Sclera, topography, anatomy, Scheimpflug, profilometry, optical coherence tomography","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Überprüfung ausgewählter Sehfunktionen bei Autofahrern","authors":"Romy Hildebrand, Sascha Reichel, S. Reiß","doi":"10.54352/dozv.aymg3457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.aymg3457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose. In Germany, the fulfillment of the requirements for eyesight and the associated suitability for driving a motor vehicle has so far only been determined when a driver’s license is obtained. The aim of this work was to check the visual functions of persons who already hold a driving license. Material and Methods. The current status of central daytime visual acuity and photopic contrast vision was determined in 113 drivers using the Binoptometer 4P from Oculus. The central daytime visual acuity was assessed according to the regulations of the Driving License Ordinance. For the assessment of contrast vision, the manufacturer’s recommendation and the associated suggestion of Wilhelm et al.1 were used. Results. About half of the subjects (47.8 %) failed the standardized driver’s license vision test according to the FeV. The contrast vision test was not passed by about one third (31.0 %) of the subjects. In total, 35 subjects (31.0 %) were fundamentally unfit to drive at the time of measurement. Conclusion. A testing of different visual functions in drivers should be considered reasonable. People of all ages should be educated about the relevance of regular eye examinations, even with supposed good vision. Keywords traffic ophthalmology, fitness to drive, Driving License Ordinance, visual acuity, contrast vision","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130869700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating treatment effectiveness in a case series of myopia patients","authors":"Stephanie Kearney, D. Seidel, M. Day","doi":"10.54352/dozv.qxrf8309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.qxrf8309","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This patient case series describes the response to myopia control contact lens treatments and compares the use of five methods evaluating the efficacy of the treatments. Material and Methods. Data from the myopia management clinic, Glasgow Caledonian University included age, axial length (AL) spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and treatment (orthokeratology (OK), dual focus (DF) and multifocal (MF) contact lenses (n = 5 for each treatment)). Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by five methods (1 - 4 used AL and 5 used SER): 1. Percentile Method using AL growth curve data, 2. Mean Efficacy Method using AL mean values from literature, 3. Cumulative Absolute Reduction in axial Elongation (CARE) method and 4. Emmetropic Growth Method using emmetropic AL growth as a target. 5. Decrease in rate of SER progression. Results. The Percentile Method indicated that treatment was effective in 53 % of patients: three OK, two MF and four DF patients. The Mean Efficacy and CARE methods indicated treatment effectiveness in 33 % and 27 % of patients respectively: two OK, one MF and one DF patients. None of the patients met the target for the Emmetropic Growth Method. SER method indicated treatment effectiveness for 20 % of patients: one DF and MF patient.. Conclusion. In this case series, emmetropic growth as a target was unobtainable due to modest treatment effects. Using SER alone was not sufficient to detect small treatment effects. Growth curve data were limited when evaluating those with a longer AL and short term treatment effects. The Mean Efficacy and CARE Methods are more suitable method for short term clinical decision making in this case series.. Keywords Myopia, contact lenses, growth charts","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125147951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EvoTears – LipoNit: Vergleich zweier lipidhaltiger Präparate","authors":"Fabian Wegmann, Marion Köchli, Andrea Müller-Treiber","doi":"10.54352/dozv.xeyl8165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.xeyl8165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Rewetting solutions and eye sprays are getting more popular recently and are available in many different compositions. They promise to help against symptoms of dry eyes. This study tries to determine if the eye drops EvoTears, which contains lipids, helps better against symptoms of dry eyes as the liposomal eye spray LipoNit. Material and Methods. Both preparations were tested on a total of 23 subjects (11 female, 12 male, age 33 years ± 13.8 years, 23 – 60 years). In a single-blinded, balanced, rand- omized and prospective cross- over study, according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the subjective sensation as well as objective findings of dry eye were de- termined and evaluated in each case before dispensing and after a one-week application of the respective preparation. For the subjective determination the OSDI questionnaire was used. Objectively, lipid layer thickness was determined and evaluated using Polaris device (BON), as well as tear meniscus height and noninvasive tear film break-up using Oculus Keratograph. After one week of application of the respective preparations, the subjective and objective findings before and after application were compared. Furthermore, in an additional questionnaire, each subject was able to assign points for the simplicity of application as well as points for the subjective improvement of dry eyes of both preparations. Results. The difference of the findings in both products in between the week of usage were 0 in all four findings (OSDI, NIKBUT, meniscus height, lipid layer thickness). This means that both of the investigated Liquids have more or less the same impact on dry eyes. Further, this study statistically proves that EvoTears significantly reduces the OSDI Score after using (p-value 0,0403). There is a tendency that Evo- Tears also improves the thickness of the lipid layer, although it is almost statistically significant (p-value 0,0708). All the other findings were statistically not significant. Most of the participants felt the handling of LipoNit much easier com- pared to EvoTears. However, EvoTears had a slightly bigger impact on subjective feeling. Conclusion. In this study, EvoTears and LipoNit were found to have similar effects on dry eye. A statistically significant difference existed only in the OSDI questionnaire (decrease OSDI score) in combination with EvoTears. In principle, the results obtained could be attributed to the short applica- tion period of one week, the small number of subjects or a non-compliance. In addition, only participants with moderate dry eyes were examined. Despite all this, the subjective dry eye symptoms decreased with both agents. Keywords Rewetting solution, ophthalmic sprays, dry eyes, EvoTears, LipoNit, OSDI questionnaire","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124822704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masken-assoziiertes Trockenes Auge (MATA)","authors":"Stephanie Mühlberg","doi":"10.54352/dozv.wjfx4501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.wjfx4501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MGD-Behandlung mit intensiv gepulstem Licht und Low-Level-Lichttherapie","authors":"Claudio Jäger, Sebastian Marx, J. Eckstein, W. Sickenberger","doi":"10.54352/dozv.vagf2518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54352/dozv.vagf2518","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Primary objective of this study was the assessment of dry eye related subjective and objective findings of MGD patients prior and after IPL and LLLT treatment. Material and Methods. 38 subjects with diagnosed MGD were enrolled in a prospective single center study in an optometric practice based in Wil (Switzerland). All subjects underwent IPL/LLLT treatments every 14 days from baseline until four treatments were conducted. OSDI, BCVA, IOP, NIKBUT, osmolarity, lower lid margin appearance and meibography data were captured at baseline before the first IPL/LLLT treatment and 14 days after the last treatment. Pre and post OSDI score, NIKBUT and osmolarity of the right was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon rang sum test for matched pairs. Results. OSDI score decreased significantly from 32 to 14 (p = <0.001). NIKBUT values did not increased significant- ly from 11.4 ± 12.4 s to 11.7 ± 5.9 (p = 0.498). Osmolarity in- creased significantly from 322.2 ± 12.6 mOsm/L to 327.9 ± 9.6 (p = 0.006). 26 of 38 subjects (68.4 %) were satisfied or very satisfied by this new form of therapy whereas 12 subjects (31.6 %) did not report a subjective change. Conclusion. The combined IPL/LLLT therapy is a promising therapy form usable in optometric and ophthalmological practices. The majority of the subjects reported subjective improvements, which were not confirmed by objective find- ings. Due to the high reduction of sicca symptoms and the high degree of satisfaction with the IPL/LLLT treatment, it can be stated, that an IPL/LLLT application is effective in MGD patients. Keywords Meibomian glands, Meibomian gland dysfunction, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT)","PeriodicalId":347784,"journal":{"name":"Optometry &amp; Contact Lenses","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115525085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}