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PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)最新文献

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The Distribution of Wealth and the Marginal Propensity to Consume 财富分配与边际消费倾向
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-03-05 DOI: 10.3982/QE694
C. Carroll, Jiří Slačálek, Kiichi Tokuoka
{"title":"The Distribution of Wealth and the Marginal Propensity to Consume","authors":"C. Carroll, Jiří Slačálek, Kiichi Tokuoka","doi":"10.3982/QE694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/QE694","url":null,"abstract":"We present a macroeconomic model calibrated to match both microeconomic and macroeconomic evidence on household income dynamics. When the model is modified in a way that permits it to match empirical measures of wealth inequality in the U.S., we show that its predictions (unlike those of competing models) are consistent with the substantial body of microeconomic evidence which suggests that the annual marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is much larger than the 0.02_0.04 range implied by commonly-used macroeconomic models. Our model also (plausibly) predicts that the aggregate MPC can differ greatly depending on how the shock is distributed across categories of households (e.g., low-wealth versus high-wealth households). JEL Classification: D12, D31, D91, E21","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115796224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 230
Income Inequality, Trade and Financial Openness 收入不平等、贸易和金融开放
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2425068
G. Lim, P. McNelis
{"title":"Income Inequality, Trade and Financial Openness","authors":"G. Lim, P. McNelis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2425068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2425068","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationships between the Gini coefficient, trade-openness, foreign aid and foreign direct investment flows. Panel data estimates show that trade openness can be effective for changing income inequality, but its effectiveness depends on the stage of development. Simulation results show that the Gini and openness can be negatively or positively correlated — it depends on the capital intensity and on the degree of openness. Overall, the results suggest that trade and financial openness can be effective policies for reducing inequality in low income countries, if they significantly increase the marginal productivity of labour through capital intensive methods of production.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125700365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Income Distribution Impact on Economic Growth. Some Comments. 收入分配对经济增长的影响。一些评论。
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-02-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2396462
M. Georgiou
{"title":"Income Distribution Impact on Economic Growth. Some Comments.","authors":"M. Georgiou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2396462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2396462","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption is the cornerstone of capitalism internationally. A financial crisis in a country can easily “infect” all world. Policy makers should better not forget that.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125185584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonstationarity and Stochastic Stability of Relative Income Clubs 相对收入俱乐部的非平稳性和随机稳定性
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.2012.00521.x
Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Deockhyun Ryu
{"title":"Nonstationarity and Stochastic Stability of Relative Income Clubs","authors":"Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Deockhyun Ryu","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4991.2012.00521.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2012.00521.x","url":null,"abstract":"The recent literature on “convergence” of cross‐country per capita incomes has been dominated by the two hypotheses of “global convergence” and “club‐convergence,” pertaining to limits of estimated income distribution dynamics. Utilizing a new measure of “stochastic stability,” we establish two stylized facts regarding short‐ and medium‐term distribution dynamics. The first is non‐stationarity of transition dynamics, in the sense of changing transition kernels, and the second is emergence, disappearance, and re‐emergence of a “stochastically stable” middle income group. This middle income group emerges as the gap between rich and poor clubs gets larger, and it changes the dynamics of transition to and from the rich and poor clubs, eventually narrowing the gap between the poor and rich as the middle club vanishes. Analyzing the stochastic stability of middle‐income groups is thus a first step toward understanding higher‐order dynamics of narrowing or widening of the gap between rich and poor countries.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127861986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Regional Inequality in India in the 1990s: A Further Look 20世纪90年代印度的地区不平等:进一步观察
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2394310
Nirvikar Singh, J. Kendall, R. Jain, Jai Chander
{"title":"Regional Inequality in India in the 1990s: A Further Look","authors":"Nirvikar Singh, J. Kendall, R. Jain, Jai Chander","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2394310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2394310","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines changes in regional inequality in India in the 1990s, using data for 59 of India’s 78 agro-climatic regions from the National Sample Survey. It extends the work of Singh et al. (2003) in two ways. First, it allows for differences in baseline growth performance across individual states. It confirms the relatively poor performance of eastern states in the 1990s. Second, it also analyzes economic performance using NSS consumption expenditure data. In this case, it finds that there was conditional convergence for urban households, but not for rural households in that period.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
An Estimation of Taiwan Wage-Phillips Curve by Comparing Linear and Curve-Linear Regressive Model 台湾工资-菲利普斯曲线线性回归与曲线-线性回归之比较
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-06-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2284954
Mei-Yu Lee
{"title":"An Estimation of Taiwan Wage-Phillips Curve by Comparing Linear and Curve-Linear Regressive Model","authors":"Mei-Yu Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2284954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2284954","url":null,"abstract":"本研究蒐集2009年9月至2013年2月之台灣總體經濟月資料，以線性迴歸模型與曲線線性化迴歸模型估計實質薪資型菲利浦曲線，並發現台灣實質薪資型菲利浦曲線的誤差修正項遠高於歐美國家，顯示台灣薪資成長率不僅受到通貨膨脹率與失業率影響，還明顯地受到勞動生產力影響。其次，台灣實質薪資型菲利浦曲線以曲線線性化迴歸模型估計更為精準且具有較高解釋力，並可觀察到台灣的實質薪資成長率並無成長跡象，此結果對決策者而言需注意政策擬定時慎重考量使用之數據。最後，台灣的實質薪資型菲利浦曲線不可以OECD國家之估計方程式標準進行估計，而需考量台灣的經濟結構特殊性，如高貿易依存度、小國特質或中國崛起因素所影響。 This study focuses on the estimation of Taiwan Wage-Phillips curve depending on Blanchard and Katz (1999) and uses the macroeconomic data from National Statistics database of R.O.C. and Taiwan Economic Journal database during September, 2009 to February, 2013. The study can compare the estimated values of Wage-Phillips curve of US and EU but compare the linear and curve-linear regressive models. The main findings are (1) Taiwan’s error correction term comes in a significant and more right-signed coefficient than US and EU; (2) curve-linear regressive model can accurately explain the wage-Phillips curve of Taiwan such as the decreasing real wage rate and increasing nominal wage rate of 3% by Taiwan government; and (3) curve-linear regressive model can forecast that the real wage rate has less increasing stretch. Finally, this study does not add the export-oriented variables in linear and curve-linear model, there might be that the raising China is an important factor to affect Taiwan’s wage rate.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The 'Tunnel', 'Procedural Justice' and 'Middle-Class' Effects: A General Theory of how Economic Inequality is Justified within Modernity “隧道”、“程序正义”和“中产阶级”效应:经济不平等如何在现代性中合理化的一般理论
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2318410
C. Larsen
{"title":"The 'Tunnel', 'Procedural Justice' and 'Middle-Class' Effects: A General Theory of how Economic Inequality is Justified within Modernity","authors":"C. Larsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2318410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2318410","url":null,"abstract":"The acceptance of income differences varies across countries. This article suggests three general mechanisms to account for this: the “tunnel effect”, related to perceptions of generational mobility; the “procedural justice effect”, related to the perceived fairness in the process of getting ahead; and the “middle-class effect”, related to perceptions of the current social structure. The suggested mechanisms are tested by means of the ISSP 2009 module, which includes 38 countries. The three mechanisms account for a considerable part of the cross-national differences. The relatively high tolerance for current income differences in countries such as Denmark, Norway and China, and low tolerance in countries such as Ukraine, Hungary and Bulgaria, are well explained by the theoretical framework. By means of model residuals it is also shown which countries should be considered exceptional. Finally, as in previous research, no link was found between actual income inequality and acceptance of current income differences.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123982994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Labor Market and Income Distribution in Latin America in Times of Economic Growth: Advances and Shortcomings 经济增长时期拉丁美洲的劳动力市场与收入分配:进步与不足
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2241049
R. Maurizio
{"title":"Labor Market and Income Distribution in Latin America in Times of Economic Growth: Advances and Shortcomings","authors":"R. Maurizio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2241049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2241049","url":null,"abstract":"The high rhythm of economic growth experienced by Latin America between 2003 and 2008 has had a positive impact on social and labor market indicators. This has become evident through the dynamic creation of employment, the reduction of unemployment and the fall of income inequality and poverty. However, even in this positive context the region continues to exhibit important shortcomings in the labor market. The most evident are high levels of unemployment, precariousness and informality. Along with this, Latin America is still one of the most unequal regions in the world. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of labor and income inequality dynamics in Latin America in the new millennium. In particular, we seek to identify the factors behind the changes observed in the distribution of family incomes, evaluating the role played by labor incomes vis a vis other non-labor income sources. Also, given the significance of labor incomes in total incomes, the analysis will address a distinctive feature of labor markets in the region: the phenomenon of labor informality, by studying its characteristics and distributive impacts.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129973361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Immigration and the Distribution of Incomes 移民与收入分配
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53768-3.00015-1
Francine D. Blau, Lawrence M. Kahn
{"title":"Immigration and the Distribution of Incomes","authors":"Francine D. Blau, Lawrence M. Kahn","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-53768-3.00015-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53768-3.00015-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130045001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74
Consumption Inequality and Family Labor Supply 消费不平等与家庭劳动力供给
PSN: Income Inequality (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.20121549
R. Blundell, Luigi Pistaferri, Itay Saporta Eksten
{"title":"Consumption Inequality and Family Labor Supply","authors":"R. Blundell, Luigi Pistaferri, Itay Saporta Eksten","doi":"10.1257/AER.20121549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.20121549","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the link between wage inequality and consumption inequality using a life cycle model that incorporates household consumption and family labor supply decisions. We derive analytical expressions based on approximations for the dynamics of consumption, hours, and earnings of two earners in the presence of correlated wage shocks, non-separability and asset accumulation decisions. We show how the model can be estimated and identified using panel data for hours, earnings, assets and consumption. We focus on the importance of family labour supply as an insurance mechanism to wage shocks and find strong evidence of smoothing of males and females permanent shocks to wages. Once family labor supply, assets and taxes are properly accounted for their is little evidence of additional insurance.","PeriodicalId":346888,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Income Inequality (Topic)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126214514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 420
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