Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal最新文献_第4页

Biodiversity Offsets in New Zealand: Challenges, Opportunities, Options 新西兰的生物多样性补偿:挑战、机遇和选择

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2013-12-23 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2830341

V. Rive

引用次数: 0

Ocean Acidification 海洋酸化

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2013-10-15 DOI: 10.18772/22015119186.34

T. Stephens

引用次数: 0

Implementing SB 3: Adopting Environmental Flows in Texas 实施sb3:在德克萨斯州采用环境流动

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2335022

Vanessa Puig-Williams

{"title":"Implementing SB 3: Adopting Environmental Flows in Texas","authors":"Vanessa Puig-Williams","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2335022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2335022","url":null,"abstract":"Senate Bill 3 emerged from the Texas Legislature in 2007 as an attempt to create certainty over how the state deals with allocating water to environmental flows. Senate Bill 3 created a process in the Water Code requiring regional stakeholder groups (referred to as Basin and Bay Area Stakeholder Committees or BBASCs) to develop consensus-based environmental flow standards and strategies to meet the environmental flow standards specific to the rivers and bay systems in a particular region. The concept of “environmental flows” describes the flows of water necessary to protect the ecological health of rivers and of the bays and estuaries that are the ultimate recipients of these flows. The consensus of the scientific community is that for environmental flow standards to be adequate to support a sound ecological environment in a stream system, they must include minimum subsistence flows, varying levels of base flows, high flow pulses, and overbank pulses that vary throughout the year. Environmental flow standards establish requirements that govern when a water right holder may remove water from a stream or a river (instream flow requirements), thus protecting that water for instream and bay or estuary environmental needs. The Water Code directs the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), after considering the stakeholder committees’ recommendations, to adopt environmental flow standards “adequate to support a sound ecological environment, to the maximum extent reasonable considering other public interests and other relevant factors.” This paper summarizes the environmental flow standard and strategy recommendations made by the six stakeholder committees that submitted reports to the TCEQ and compares these to the standards the TCEQ ultimately adopted. The adopted standards only apply to permits seeking a new appropriation of water or to an amendment to an existing water right that increases the amount of water authorized to be stored, taken, or diverted.","PeriodicalId":346805,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biofuels and Development: Questioning Environmental and Social Sustainability from a Developing Country Perspective 生物燃料与发展:从发展中国家的角度对环境和社会可持续性提出质疑

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2013-07-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2295324

F. Mulleta

{"title":"Biofuels and Development: Questioning Environmental and Social Sustainability from a Developing Country Perspective","authors":"F. Mulleta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2295324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2295324","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of countries have been supporting the extensive production and use of biofuels hoping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ensure energy security and help the rural poor. While the validity of such policy goals is largely shared, many critics doubt that biofuels are the solution and rather question the environmental, social and overall developmental impacts of biofuel expansion and related government support to the sector. This paper examines the role of each of the above three policy goals in driving the biofuel industry and analyses the developmental impact of biofuels especially on weak economies. It also critically addresses some recent developments and measures taken to ensure the social and environmental sustainability of biofuels. The main conclusion of the paper is that under the status quo many developing countries reap limited benefits from the biofuel industry for various reasons, including their limited role confined to the first stage of the value chain in biofuel production, and the dominance of large-scale plantations in biofuel feedstock cultivation. However, as production patterns and means vary, so does the impact that biofuels have on individual developing countries. Therefore, the paper concludes with a number of recommendations for measures that developing countries can take in order to maximise the benefits of biofuels.","PeriodicalId":346805,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114834348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arkansas Game and Fish Commission v. United States (Dec. 4, 2012): Rejecting Bright-Line Rule, U.S. Supreme Court Holds that Temporary Government-Caused Flooding May Be a Compensable Taking, at Least in Some Circumstances 阿肯色州狩猎和鱼类委员会诉美国(2012年12月4日):美国最高法院驳回了明线规则，认为至少在某些情况下，政府造成的临时洪水可能是可补偿的

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-12-14 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2189590

A. Varcoe

引用次数: 3

Technological Analysis of Sustainable Biofuels Development in Nigeria 尼日利亚生物燃料可持续发展的技术分析

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2181731

I. Ogundari, A. Famurewa, Ruth Ibilola Olaopa, J. Akarakiri, W. Siyanbola

{"title":"Technological Analysis of Sustainable Biofuels Development in Nigeria","authors":"I. Ogundari, A. Famurewa, Ruth Ibilola Olaopa, J. Akarakiri, W. Siyanbola","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2181731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2181731","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria’s biofuel policy calls for 10% bioethanol and 20% biodiesel substitution in domestic petrol and diesel consumptions of 35 million and 12 million litres per day respectively. Although the policy was approved in 2005, after six years, a vibrant biofuels industry has not taken off in the country. In this paper, using strategic analysis approach, we determined the key technological impediments to biofuel industry development in Nigeria to be inadequate knowledge on feedstock and landmass requirements, the “food vs fuel” debate, fuel subsidy implications, indifference and low market confidence by investors, limited S&T human capability, poor funding, weak institutional framework and poor infrastructure provision. We have established that Nigeria’s total biofuel production at highest demand by 2020 (11.64 Million Tons) would require 51.8 Million Tons of feedstock comprising 48.44 Million Tons of cassava for bioethanol and 3.36 Million Tons of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel. This production demand would require 57.5 Thousand Sq. Km of land. This is less than 8% and 20% of the arable land (726 Thousand Sq. Km) or cultivated land (340 Thousand Sq. Km) in Nigeria respectively. Hence the food vs fuel fears were deemed unnecessary. We argue that the N1.2 trillion (US$8 billion) fuel subsidy claimed by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 2011 be converted as seed capital for the take-off of the biofuels industry in the country.","PeriodicalId":346805,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129092041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Control of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Using International Law 利用国际法控制空气污染和温室气体

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-11-06 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2172112

A. Reitze

引用次数: 0

The Legal Significance of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol: The Result of a Paradigm Evolution 《名古屋-吉隆坡补充议定书》的法律意义:范式演变的结果

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2151282

R. Lefeber

引用次数: 3

The Basics of Species at Risk Legislation in Alberta 艾伯塔省濒危物种立法基础

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.29173/ALR269

Shaun Fluker, Jocelyn Stacey

{"title":"The Basics of Species at Risk Legislation in Alberta","authors":"Shaun Fluker, Jocelyn Stacey","doi":"10.29173/ALR269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/ALR269","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Alberta's Wildlife Act and the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) to assess the legal protection of endangered species in Alberta. Most of the discussion related to provisions contained in SARA, as there is comparatively less to discuss under the Wildlife Act. The fact that legal protection for endangered species in Alberta consists primarily of federal statutory rules is unfortunate, as wildlife and its habitat are by and large property of the provincial Crown, and it is a general principle of constitutional law that the federal government cannot in substance legislate over provincial property under the guise of a regulatory scheme. The legal protections in SARA are, thus, for the most part restricted to species found on federal lands and to species that fall under federal legislative powers. This article demonstrates that the Alberta government has chosen to govern species at risk almost entirely by policy and discretionary power. The limited application of federal protections to provincial lands and the absence of meaningful protection in the Wildlife Act leads the authors to conclude that, despite a perception of legal protection for endangered species, such protection does not exist in Alberta.","PeriodicalId":346805,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132855735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Mandatory Demand as a Policy Instrument: The Case of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Biofuel Program 强制性需求作为政策工具:以可再生燃料标准(RFS)生物燃料计划为例

Natural Resources Law & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-06-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2083698

J. Kesan, Timothy A. Slating, Hsiao-shan Yang

引用次数: 1