Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik最新文献

{"title":"Bone Tissue Defects on Human Skulls from of the Eneolithic Burial Ground of the Yekaterinovsky Cape in the South of the Middle Volga Region. Revisiting Specifics of Cultural Traditions","authors":"A. Khokhlov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Unusual defects mainly in the form of surface ellipsoid or less commonly sub-circular indentations were recorded on the skulls of mature individuals from the Eneolithic burial grounds in the forest-steppe area of the Volga region (Yekaterinovsky cape). Almost all of the defects are localized on the parietal bones. The origin of the small-sized lesions could be associated with trauma. The large defects occur due to additional surgical prophylaxis by scraping. There are separate cases of classical end-to-end trepanation (burial 57/1, 83). The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the identified defects with similar injuries on the materials from ancient burial grounds of the Volga region (Khvalynsk I, II), other regions and periods of Europe. Ritual character connected to age initiation rites was previously attributed to their origin. This thesis is supported by new source discovery (Yekaterinovsky cape). The probability of the so-called symbolic trepanation is considered. We do not exclude these types of reasons. However, priority in determining the technical content of the period of trauma development that accompanied the ritual is given to other target settings. Their natural appearance was initially associated with “shock symbols” and after the entire ceremony, if necessary, surface trepanation was used for medicinal purposes. Such marginal traditions are usually characteristic of ancient highly organized and influential societies, which is confirmed by archaeological data, in particular, regarding the fame and role of the Khvalyn Eneolithic population in the cultural processes of the central regions of Eurasia. The beginning of the trauma ritual in the Volga region was laid at least in the 6th millennium BC (Yekaterinovsky cape), then adapted and developed by the ancient Khvalyn groups.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48312278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Origin Time of the Sarmatians in the Crimean Steppe","authors":"V. Kropotov, I. Rukavishnikova, D. Beilin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with the question of determining time of the first appearance of the Sarmatians in the Crimean Steppe. Discrepancy between scientific interpretations of ancient written sources and dating by archaeological researches can be observed: while the former admit that the Sarmatians inhabited the Crimean peninsula in 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, the later assume the origin time to be the late 1st century BC. The monument considered in the article is burial 80 of kurgan Ungut-1 which partially helps to overcome this discrepancy. The studied monument is a single burial of a male positioned on his back with his head oriented to the north accompanied by a moulded pot, a fibula, a knife and a bead. These grave goods and, the first of all, fibula date back the burial to the early 1st century BC, and allow this Sarmatian complex to be considered the earliest precisely dated one in the Crimea. This fact indicates the presence of the nomads on the peninsula during the reign of Mithradates VI Eupator. At the same time, the examined monument does not mitigate completely discrepancies existing between ancient written sources and massive archaeological material regarding their timing. The only indisputable fact is that the nomads were there during the events of the Diophantine wars. However, their presence on the Crimean peninsula in earlier periods, especially in the late 4th – early 3rd centuries BC, remains disputable.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Find of a Long Scythian Sword with a Golden Hilt Lining","authors":"S. Lukyashko","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, a long iron sword with a golden hilt was found in a kurgan near the village of Vysochino, near the city of Azov. On the pommel of the sword hilt was a stylized image of a bird of prey. This type of sword was named the Solokha type, after the first find in the Solokha mound. The published find is confidently dated by the five amphorae found in the burial to the early 4th century BC. Swords with eagle-headed finials appear as early as the 6th century BC in the Central Asian region. Here they are made in a realistic manner. In the 5th–4th centuries BC, this type of products penetrated into European Scythia. At the same time, realism is lost, images of bird heads are schematized. The characteristic detail of the image of a large round eye is lost. The pommel turns into a claw-like one. The change of the semantic meaning of the finial: in the archaic period of the Scythian culture, which had a phallic expression to an ornithomorphic one, indicates a change in ideological ideas. New ideas were brought with them by a new wave of migrants from Central Asia at the turn of the 6th–5th centuries BC.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Changes on Skeletons from the Bronze Age Neplyuevsky Cemetery (Kurgan 1)","authors":"M. Karapetian, S. Sharapova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, the picture characterizing the health status of the population, inhabiting the Southern Urals during the Bronze Age, is fragmentary due to the unsystematic nature of paleopathological studies and the often small sizes or poor preservation of the analyzed skeletal samples. This paper contributes new data to the overall discussion of the topic by presenting the results of a paleopathological study of materials from the Neplyuevsky kurgan cemetery, kurgan 1, located in the southern Chelyabinsk region and excavated between 2016 and 2017. The sample includes the remains of 14 adults (aged 18 and older) and 23 subadults (<18 years old). Methods. The skeletons were assessed for macroscopically detectable pathologies and markers of physiological stress. Pathological lesions were scored base on the recommendations given in specialized literature. Analysis. Cribra orbitalia, dental enamel hypoplasia and various traumatic injuries were common in the sample. As in other Srubnaya and Srubnaya-Alakul series of the region, the skeletons from kurgan 1 show no changes consistent with specific infections, though incidences of nonspecific infections are not excluded. Results. In general, the sample from kurgan 1 of the Neplyuevsky kurgan cemetery demonstrates similarity with materials from other synchronous sites of the Southern Urals and the Samara valley region. A distinguishing feature of the Neplyuevsky series is the relatively high frequency of bone fractures and their predominance in women.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Finds of a Brick with Arabic Inscription from Hajji Tarkhan Hillfort","authors":"N. Iudin, D. Soloviov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a publication of the brick discovered in the first half of the 20th century on the territory currently identified as a part of the Golden Horde known as Hajji Tarkhan, which is deposited in the funds of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve. The fact that the finds entered the museum funds is connected with deliberate destruction of the settlement which had begun at the end of the 16th century. The latter is confirmed by historical sources. A well-preserved inscription in Arabic is a distinctive feature of the brick; the inscription is legible and possible to translate. Another characteristic of the inscription is that the letters were drawn without observing the norms of calligraphy on slightly dried clay or after the firing in the oven. The inscription includes three words, one of which is breaking on to the next line and forming a phrase that currently does not have exact analogies for translation. Nevertheless, a proposed translation option characterizes the inscription as one of the variations of the Quranic text formulas traditionally applied to various household items (vessels, candlesticks, pencil cases, etc.) since the 10th century. The nature of the unexpected finding in the lifting ground does not allow attributing it to any other construction on the Hillfort territory. Nevertheless, it was suggested that the brick was connected with the remains of a brick wall marked on the plan of the Shareniy Bugor hillfort drafted in 1924. The described and translated inscription is a new epigraphic source for the Golden Horde archeology. In addition, this is one of rare examples of the period when the text of the inscription was completely restored and translated.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45626417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eighteenth-Century Ceramics from Archaeological Explorations of Tsaritsyn Guard Line","authors":"A. Lapshin, I. Lapshina","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"The research subject is the 18th century ceramics discovered in the course of the reconnaissance excavation at the Tsaritsyn guard line, the 18th century fortification monument, conducted in 2020. The object of study is the “Rampart of the Tsaritsyn guard line (Rampart of Anna Ioannovna)” which is a military engineering complex created in the Volga-Don interfluves in 1718–1720. Archaeological work with research purposes was carried out there at first time. Archaeological explorations led to the discovery of pottery fragments dating back to this period in a new location of the Tsaritsyn guard line. The research purpose is to present and characterize newly discovered 18th century ceramic materials found at the territory of the Tsaritsyn guard line. The research methods include description, typological analysis, statistical characteristic and comparison with the material found at the well-known 18th century archaeological complexes of so-called Cossack towns along the Don River. Identification of a new 18th century location of artefacts, statistical processing, archaeological drawings of found pottery fragments, graphic reconstructions of pottery forms are practical outcomes of the study. The main conclusion of the study is that the discovered ceramic complex in the new location of the Tsaritsyn guard line is similar in type, manufacturing technique, ornamentation and statistical ratio to materials from Cossack towns on the territory of the Volgograd region (Ilovlinsky, Kachalinsky, Starogrigorievsky) which are dated by coins of the first third of the 18th century. The new archeological materials are interpreted in the known data context and supplement the currently quite limited statistical framework of archaeological finds from the Volga-Don region of the early 18th century. The found pottery types can be used to further develop a typology of this period ceramics.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I Made Knowledge Development My Mission...” (In Memory of Shvetsov Mikhail Lvovich)","authors":"V. Grib","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the memory of M.L. Shvetsov, a Donetsk archaeologist, expert in the field of the funeral rite of the Khazar Khaganate peoples and the late nomads. It provides biographical data and describes the main stages of his formation as a scientist. The relevance of the results of M.L. Shvetsovs field explorations and his significant contribution to the study of the early medieval history of Eastern Europe is noted.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42021079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Molded Vessels for Incense from Burials of Southern Subural Nomads in the 4th – 2nd Centuries BC","authors":"V. Fedorov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of the categories of ceramic ware of the early nomads of the Southern Suburals. These are the small vessels with a slightly swollen body and high neck ornamented with vertical or oblique flutes or having no ornament. Finds of charred plant remains inside them, including Datura, indicate that such vessels were used for incense including aromatic smoke, obviously, with narcotic effect. A thick layer of carbon is found on the inner surface of the vessels. The burning of plants in vessels was carried out by placing “heating elements” into them – hot stones, fragments of ceramics and so-called “hammers”, often made of talc. Many of them show signs of having been on fire. Small vessels for incense appear in the Southern Urals in the 4th century B.C. and spread widely in the 3rd – 2nd century B.C. The tradition of burning plants, including narcotic ones (hemp), in special molded vessels – incense burners – was earlier revealed in the Middle Dniester region (Glinoye burial). The closest analogies of ornamentation and shape of the Southern Ural vessels for incense are found in the materials of the Prikuban and the Lower Don. We can assume that it was from these regions that the tradition of burning plants in vessels came to the Southern Urals, as well as the form and ornamentation of such small vessels. From the Southern Urals this tradition penetrated to the south, to Central Asia (Chirikrabat culture) and the north-east (“Ai-type” of the Sargat cultural community). It can be assumed that these vessels were used in purification rituals during the funeral rite.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurgan 5 of the Necropolis “Ivanovskie I Kurgany” in the Southern Urals: Chronology of Complexes","authors":"S. Sirotin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies burial complexes of the kurgan 5 of the burial ground “Ivanovskie I kurgany” (“The Ivanovskiy 1st Kurgans”) located in the Southern Urals. The burial ground is located in the Trans-Ural regions of Bashkiria and is a part of the early nomads’ famous monuments in the Southern Urals. The kurgan necropolises located in steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Trans-Urals differ from those described in certain features of the funeral rite and clothing complexes. Researchers have repeatedly paid attention to the specifics of the monuments range in this region. A combination of various funeral rite features, diversity of funerary structures both in burial ground as a whole and in individual kurgans is the particular characteristic of the kurgan mounds of the 5th–4th centuries BC in the Trans-Ural regions. The trait is considered a sign of a transitional period. The necropolis “Ivanovskie I kurgany” can be included in the scope of such transitional period monuments. In total, 11 kurgans were recorded in the burial ground. Some of them were built in the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC), but most were constructed by early nomads in the late Sauromatic and early Sarmatian stage. Kurgan 5, which can be attributed to the category of large ones, contained burial 4 at the heart of its structure. A wooden structure was erected over the central burial but it completely burned down when performing ritual actions in ancient times. Three more burials were identified on the kurgan periphery: a rich and varied inventory was found in the burials, moulded and pottery ceramic vessels, weapons elements (bronze arrowheads, iron dagger, iron spearhead), elements of horse equipment. Bronze mirrors, beads, and jewelry were found in women’s burials. The inventory has analogies both in the South Ural complexes and in the burials of the Middle Don. A certain part of the items dates back to a large period of 5th – 3rd centuries BC, however, a separate category of items that allow to specify the dating of the kurgan within the second half of the 4th – the turn of the 4th – 3rd centuries BC. In this regard, the burials from kurgan 5 can be interpreted as supporting complexes of the early nomads of the Southern Urals of the Early Prokhorov period. Association of the studied data with the nomads groups, carriers of cultural traditions of the Filippovska’s circle monuments, is an important aspect of the published materials.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Buried Kurgan 23a of the Filippovka 1 Necropolis and the Chronological Relationship of the Sauromatian and Early Sarmatian Antiquities of the Southern Urals","authors":"N. Savelev","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan No. 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.H. Pshenichnyuk, is presented. Based on planigraphy and stratigraphy data analysis, as well as through the use of archival photographs, it is shown that a small earthen kurgan (No. 23a), built several years earlier, was blocked by this kurgan. Judging by the ritual characteristics and the presence of a flat-bottomed vessel with a grooved spout-drain, the only burial of this kurgan can be called “late-Sauromatian” or syncretic “Sauromatian-Early-Sarmatian”, more characteristic of the westernmost part of the Southern Urals. The individual buried in this grave was laid in the “horseman’s pose” and oriented with his head to the southeast. In the relatively late kurgan No. 23, traditions characteristic of the early stage of the Prokhorov culture are recorded (dromos and catacomb burials, burnt wooden tent-shaped structure). The data obtained show that the substrate (“Sauromatian”) and superstrate (“Early Prokhorovka”) traditions in the territory of the formation of a new culture coexisted with each other for a long time, including among the population who left the elite necropolis Filippovka 1. The buried kurgan No. 23a is a clear confirmation of this coexistence. The mechanical superimposition of “Early Prokhorovka” traditions on the necropolises of the previous, “Sauromatian” time and the genetic proximity of the bearers of new traditions indicate that their spread in the territory of the Southern Urals followed the line of gradual transformation of the ethnic complex of funeral rites into a prestigious supra-ethnic one.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}