Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik最新文献

{"title":"Soil Microbiological Approaches to Reconstruction of the Purpose of Ancient Settlements Construction","authors":"A. Borisov, Andrey Goroshnikov, N. Kashirskaya, R. Mimokhod, V. Pinskoy, A. Potapova, T. Smekalova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is reconstruction of purpose of ancient settlements construction using a combination of chemical and microbiological indicators. The study object is the Bagai-1 settlement of the Late Bronze Age in the northwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula. The chemical and microbiological properties of the occupation layer within the buildings of various shapes and sizes in different parts of the site have been studied. It was established that the Bagai-1 settlement is a stationary settlement of pastoralists, or was intended for living in the winter. Traces of cattle manure were found everywhere, which is confirmed by the high values of such soil indicators of livestock keeping as urease activity, the number of keratinolytic fungi and thermophilic bacteria in the cultural layer. The results of the research showed that most of the buildings in the settlement were related to livestock keeping. We cannot exclude the joint stay in the premises of both animals and humans, especially in the cold season when livestock was used as a source of heat. However, according to the complex of natural scientific data, no buildings have been identified that could be called exclusively residential, and in all cases the traces oflivestock are much more pronounced than the traces of human habitation. At the same time, vast areas without traces of stone buildings were found at the settlement, but with a high content of mineral forms of phosphates in the cultural layer and high values of magnetic susceptibility, which indicates the entry into the soil of a large amount of ceramics, ash, and pyrogenic residues. The combination of these properties can be considered as an indicator of human habitation.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin Cordoned Ceramics of the End of the Early Iron Age from the Pinchuga-6 Burial Ground (Lower Angara Region)","authors":"P. Senotrusova, P. Mandryka, Ksenia Biryuleva","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The first half of the 1st millennium AD is a practically unexplored period of the Lower Angara region history. The Pinchuga-6 was the first completely excavated burial ground of the end of the Early Iron Age in the region. It dates back to the 3rd to the 4th centuries AD. The materials of the burial ground allow for the first time to make a guess about the particular pottery that existed at that time in the Lower Angara region. Five typologically uniform vessels were found in the burial ground. The article provides a detailed description of the ceramics from the burials, including technical and morphological characteristics of the vessels and their location within the burials. Identification of Yazaevka, being a new type of thin cordoned ceramics, is substantiated on the basis of the distinguished features. Known material similarities were provided, the area of this type of vessels, limited by the southern taiga of the Middle Yenisei and the Lower Angara, was identified. Several features of ceramics of the Yazaevka type have been identified: medium-sand molding mass with the inclusion of stone-pounded temper; bottom-capacitive program for constructing; construction by patchwork within the model form using a leather lining; vessels can be round-bottomed, flat-bottomed and sharp-bottomed; the body can be either low spherical or high paraboloid; the ceramic is ornamented in the upper third of the form with the thin raised borders formed by finger pinches; the upper part of the vessel is decorated with impressions or notches, and the neck with finger pricks. Ceramics of the same type are present both in the burial and settlement complexes. The Yazaevka type of pottery dates back to the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD, however these vessels type are no longer encountered at the sites of the second half of the 1st millennium AD.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Original Content of the Kurgan Funeral Vessels Based on Microbial and Enzymatic Parameters","authors":"N. Kashirskaya, T. Khomutova, K. Dushchanova, F. Fornasier, Denis Kovalev","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The original content of ritual vessels from the burials of the two kurgan cemeteries was reconstructed using the multisubstrate testing system of microbial respiration and enzymatic activity of the soil from the pots. For this purpose, a laboratory model experiment was conducted and the decomposition of protein, lipid and polysaccharide organic materials was studied. Basing on the results of the model experiment, most indicative enzymes produced by soil microbial community under decomposition of each type of organic materials were found. They were nonanoate esterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and leucine-aminopeptidase. The results of the assessment of enzymatic activity made it possible to reconstruct the original contents of burial vessels from two burial mounds “Beysuzhek-35” (Bronze Age) and “Spokoynyy” (Bronze Age and Early Iron Age). We found that most of the pots contained plant food. Animal proteins and fats were in three out of nine pots. One pot was empty or had water in it. In the male burials of the Yamnaya culture, ritual food in pots was more nutritious and included animal fats and proteins, while in the female burial in pots there was a plant starch and protein food. Multisubstrate testing of the respiratory responses of the soil microbial community and determination of the activities of the enzymes nonanoate esterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and leucine-aminopeptidase are promising approaches to study the type of ritual food in the pots from ancient burials.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45756995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maeotian Gray Clay Cups of the 4th – 3rd Centuries BC","authors":"N. Limberis, I. Marchenko","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the typology and chronology of gray clay cups from the Maeotian burial grounds on the right bank of the Kuban river. Type 1 refers to biconical cups with a high, narrow neck widening upwards (30 items). A little over half of the studied vessels come from assemblages with a wide chronological range dating back to the 4th and early 3rd centuries BC, where they are accompanied by swords of the Sindian-Maeotian type or sets of pottery characteristic of this period. The remaining burials with cups can be dated more precisely by the finds of container amphorae from different centers (Heraclea, Thasos, Ikos, Mende, Sinope, etc.). The wide chronological framework of the existence of type 1 cups among the Maeotians can be determined within the first half of the 4th century BC, but their narrow chronology is limited to the second quarter of this century. Two versions of the origin of cups of this shape are put forward: the first one is from imported red clay vessels; the second one is from hand-made cups of the 6th–5th centuries BC. Type 2 is truncated conical cups widening upwards (13 items). There are not enough strong chronological references for a narrow dating of this type of cups. Furthermore, apart from the cups, imported vessels were found in the three assemblages including amphorae of Rhodes, a black glazed plate and a fish plate. As the analysis of the assemblages shows, type 2 cups existed among the Maeotians for a rather limited period from the late 3rd century BC up until the beginning of the next century.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48195270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poltsevskaya Cultures of Primorye in the Context of Ethnocultural Indicators","authors":"O. Dyakova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The spreading area of monuments of the Poltsevskaya culture of the Far East is extensive. In Russia, they are located across the territories of the Amur region and of Primorye, in China they spread throughout Manchuria. The time of the functioning of culture falls on a difficult historical period of transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages, including the era of the great migration of peoples. The degree of study of the Poltsevskaya culture varies across territories. In the Amur region, the dynamics of the development of the Poltsevskaya culture was revealed: Zheltyy Yar (7th–6th century BC); Poltsevskaya (6th–2nd–1st centuries BC); Kukelevsky (1st–4th centuries AD), the contact of the Poltsevskaya culture with medieval Tungus-Manchus people (carriers of the Mohe culture) was traced, two locally-chronological groups of monuments Blagoslaveninskaya and Naifeldskaya with Poltsevo-Mohe traditions were identified (4th–9th centuries AD). In China, three of its varieties were distinguished. In Primorye, the study of culture is controversial, which is manifested in the variety of cultural names including those of Suyfunskaya, Olginskaya, Poltsevskaya, Smolninskaya and Nikolaevskaya. All the cultural communities claim to be independent. However, the identified cultural indicators on the single-layer monuments of Primorye: Monakino 4, Wrangel 3, Mikhailovskoye settlement as evidence for a common Poltsevskaya culture or identity developing in time and space. The Poltsevskaya culture traditions are preserved in the material culture of the Far Eastern Paleoasiates (Nivkhs people) up to the present.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44607932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Data on the Technology of Manufacturing Blacksmith Products of the Golden Horde Rural Settlements Based on Metallographic Analyses Results of Items from Bagaevka and Shiroky Buerak Settlements","authors":"Y. Semykin, L. Nedashkovsky","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces into scientific circulation the results of metallographic studies of the technology of blacksmithing products originating from excavations and casual finds from Bagaevka and Shiroky Buerak, the Golden Horde settlements of the Lower Volga region. In historiography, there is a shortage of studies of iron processing technology of the Golden Horde population from the Lower and Middle Volga regions. This article is intended to partially fill the existing research gap based on the results of archaeo-metallographic studies conducted in the archaeological laboratory of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University. In the study, the authors use the archaeo-metallography method, developed by B.A. Kolchin, and currently widely applied in Russian archaeological science. As a result, it was established that simple bloom iron, raw irregularly carburized steel and specially prepared high-carbon steel were the main raw materials for blacksmithing products of the Bagaevka and Shiroky Buerak settlements. In the arsenal of forging products of the Bagaevka settlement, 86.8% of technological operations belong to group I (simple technologies without the use of a structural joint by forging welding of bloom iron and high-carbon steel, without copper soldering) and 13.2% belong to group II (wares with a structural joint by forging welding of bloom iron and steel with copper soldering). 58% of the metallographically studied wares were made of bloom iron and raw irregularly carburized steel. 29% of the items were forged technologically in order to obtain high-quality products. 15.8% of the products were made of all-steel work pieces, 10.5% produced from package work pieces. Cementation technology was recorded in 2.6% of the items. End welding and forging from two-lane iron-steel work pieces, which amounted to 5.3% each, were identified in the technological schemes related to the technological group II. In general, the revealed technological features of the blacksmith products of the Bagaevka collection are characteristic of the iron processing in the Middle Volga region in the Golden Horde period.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44073646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Deviant” Burials of the Early Nomads in the Southern Urals (Second Half of 6th – 4th Centuries BC)","authors":"A. Chirkova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Burials that are different in a number of ways from the traditional funeral rite for any society under consideration are typically referred to as “deviant”, “non-standard”, “extraordinary” or “atypical”. The article discusses ‘deviant’ burials of the Early nomads in the Southern Urals during the second half of the 6th and 4th centuries BC. This paper has two purposes: the first is to study these burials by analyzing their context and the second goal is to identify and interpret the reasons of their construction. The features of the “non-standard” funeral rite of the nomads have been distinguished by contextual analysis. The main result of the study is the identification of the main types of “deviant” burials found in the burial sites of the Early nomads, the appearance of which could have been influenced by many reasons related both to the system of beliefs and worldviews of the society under consideration, as well as by personal circumstances of life or death. Possible reasons for building “deviant” burials could have been the following: special social status of the buried individual, fear of the dead in the community, various rituals associated with human sacrifices or burials of “strangers’. It is also possible that the “deviant” burials could be associated with some external factors that led to refusal of the community to bury the dead using traditional practices and normative rites., it is necessary use a number of additional sources for further comprehensive study in order to identify the reasons for designing the “deviant” burials.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complex of Metal Objects from the First Turkic Khaganate Period from the Beslan Burial Ground (North Ossetia)","authors":"Igor Gavritukhin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses metal finds from the burial 1 under the kurgan 876 of the Beslan kurgan catacomb burial ground which are suitable for reconstructing the appearance of the objects. The results of these kurgan excavations are presented in the same issue of the Journal by D.S. Korobov and V.Yu. Malashev; this article is an analytical appendix to their research paper. Small hollow B-shaped buckles with a fixed plate in the form of a “heraldic shield” with side notches are divided into five blocks of variants. The author has presented their catalog, map, and basis for dating. The buckles from Beslan are a synthesis of Eastern European and Byzantine traditions, their closest analogue is found in Karshi-Bair (Southwestern Crimea) and is dated from about the mid – 3rd quarter of the 6th century AD. Other close analogies are indicative mainly for the second half of the 6th – early 7th century. The flat four-petal belt mounts with beveled edges are divided into three blocks of variants. Their catalog and map are presented, the evolution in time and area are considered, taking into account mounts of similar shapes. The Beslan belt mounts belong to the block of variants 2 formed in the Lower Kama basin or in the zone that includes this region. Their emergence in the North Caucasus is connected with the establishment of the control of the First Turkic Khaganate here between 569 and 576. The distribution of similar objects in a number of regions is explained by the involvement of local troops in the military actions of the Turks. For the sedentary population, this also marks the distribution of early versions of pseudo-buckles. Three fragments from Beslan are interpreted as strap-ends imitating expensive products decorated with inserts and grains. The spring with a bowstring and a needle on a T-shaped stand belonged to a fibula, most likely double-plate characteristic of the North Caucasus in the mid-5th – 6th / first half 7th century AD. The complex 876 of the Beslan kurgan catacomb burial ground, as well as a number of other complexes from the North Caucasus, dating to about the 3rd third 6th – early 7th century, are indicators of the First Turkic Khaganate period in the history of the Alans and other peoples of the North Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46614804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodian Amphorae of the 3rd – 2nd Centuries BC from the Krasnodar Museum Collection","authors":"S. Monakhov, E. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents stamped Rhodian containers from the excavations of ancient monuments of the Kuban river region, stored in the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D. Felitsyn. The greater part of the amphorae was found as a result of excavations of Maeotian burials mainly, which contained other imports: black-glazed or red-glazed ceramics, relief bowls, etc. The first part of the publication focuses on characterizing the complexes. It is noted that in some instances we encounter inconsistencies in the dating of different inventory items originating from the same burial. In the second part of the article, single amphorae, which origin cannot reliably be identified, are analyzed. The stamps imprinted on them are of special significance. There are stamps containing new previously unknown combinations of eponyms and fabricants names on three of the amphorae. In two cases, the commonly accepted period of activity of the fabricants Διονύσιος and ΙΜΑ(-) should be prolonged for 10–15 years. The situation with the fabricant Ζωίλος is different. Traditionally, his name was associated with eponyms of the III period (198–161 BC), however, in our case his stamp is on the amphora in combination with the stamp of the eponym dated to the Vb period (125–121 BC) – Τεισαμένος. It is thought that here the point at issue is a homonym. An indirect proof of this is the different typological affiliation of the fabricants’ stamps. Among the Rhodian stamps, there are rectangular unemblemed imprints with the name Ζωίλος and round imprints with the same name around the rose. In the final part, examples of new combinations of stamps of eponyms and fabricants, whose activities do not have chronological gaps, are given as well as vessels with stamps of previously unknown stamps are considered. The amphora stamped by fabricant Μένων II, who worked in the time of the eponyms of periods II and III, is of special interest; the eponymous stamp is reconstructed as may be supposed. In this case, the vessel itself is of interest, representing a later, previously unknown variety of amphorae of the “koroni” variant.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42787096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the Research. Part I","authors":"I. Zasetskaya","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first part of a critical review of the works from Vol. 18, no. 2 of the Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin, dedicated to the Scythian-Sarmatian period and the coverage of the categories of material culture of this era. The issue was published in 2019 and was dedicated to the anniversary of Prof, Irina P. Zasetskaya.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45000431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}