The International Journal of Ethics最新文献_第9页

The Higher Learning in a Democracy 民主国家的高等教育

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989388

C. Clark

{"title":"The Higher Learning in a Democracy","authors":"C. Clark","doi":"10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989388","url":null,"abstract":"IT IS now some centuries since Aristotle announced the philosophic principle of induction as the process by which the universal is extracted from a number of varying cases, to be followed by definition, fixing the principle thus extracted for use in all subsequent thinking. In so doing he not only developed a logical theory which furnished the intellectual method of Europe for almost two thousand years but laid the seeds of an intellectual controversy still rife today. As the lines came eventually to be drawn, the battle is between rationalism, on the one hand, and empiricism, on the other; the former devoted to principles, the latter to facts. The protagonist of the former is typically Descartes; of the latter, Francis Bacon. We have long been assured by our leading philosophers that the battle is largely sham, that all thinking worth while must make use of the rationalistic process of deduction, and of the empirical process of induction, of speculation and experimentation, of theorizing and of observing facts, each as complements of the other. If, therefore, an individual emphasizes one process more than the other, it is because of his tastes and inclination and not for reasons of eternal verity. In the natural sciences there seems a fair agreement on this, and it is accepted that the essence of scientific method is the verification of intelligent theory or even of shrewd guess. But in the social sciences such reconciliation is far from being obtained. John Dewey refers to the split as tragic, pointing to our oscillation \"between a normative and rationalistic logic in morals and an empirical, purely descriptive method in concrete matters of fact,\" so that \"our supposed ultimate ideals and aims","PeriodicalId":346392,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Ethics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Philosophy, Politics, and Education Our Basic Dilemma 哲学、政治和教育:我们的基本困境

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989389

W. Warren

引用次数: 2

Shorter Notices 较短的通知

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989403

引用次数: 0

Remarks on Education and the Professions 教育与专业讲稿

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989392

T. Parsons

引用次数: 40

Education: Ideas or Knowledge? 教育:思想还是知识?

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989390

C. Perry

{"title":"Education: Ideas or Knowledge?","authors":"C. Perry","doi":"10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989390","url":null,"abstract":"ed knowledge of spatial relations and of characteristics applicable to the kind of places and objects dealt with. Conversely, apprehension of abstract systems of classification and of relations depends upon knowledge of particulars, upon the arrangement of particulars on the basis of similarities and uniformities, and upon the generalization of the prin-systems of classification and of relations depends upon knowledge of particulars, upon the arrangement of particulars on the basis of similarities and uniformities, and upon the generalization of the principles of order discovered. When speaking of \"facts,\" President Hutchins doubtless refers primarily to items falling within the first mode of knowledge, namely, the designation and description of specific objects and events. There is no doubt but that in recent generations there has been an overemphasis or wrong emphasis on this type of knowledge. If one considers how many things and events there are in the world and how lengthily each might be described, one is appalled at the amount of information that might be accumulated if men were not restrained. There are a billion or more human beings now in existence whose heights, weights, head shapes, habits, travels, opinions, incomes, diets, tools, diseases, and scars might be recorded; and men long dead are not entirely beyond the reach of investigation. A census of farm animals has been made; but we can only guess at how many other animals are waiting to have facts about them made public. Without mentioning stars, mountains, trees, brooks, houses, or telephone poles, one can readily see that any person with imagination would be horrified by the huge mass of available facts pressing for admission into university curriculums, and by realization that large batches of such facts are from time to time actually slipping into university courses. Of course professors do not demand that university courses present descriptions of all particulars that might be described; and most of them resent the accusation that the particulars which they describe are unimportant. It is true, nevertheless, that there are various factors tending to encourage more or less random dipping into the huge reservoir of possible description. One basic factor is that the problem of formulating principles for determining what is important has not been dealt with adequately. Another is that many scholars, eager to discover laws and general principles but having no clear notions as to the methods and principles relevant to such research, proceed hopefully and vigorously on the asThis content downloaded from 157.55.39.215 on Wed, 31 Aug 2016 04:18:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms","PeriodicalId":346392,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Ethics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122343330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Philosophical Fragments, or A Fragment of Philosophy. Johannes Climacus , David F. Swenson 《哲学片段》或《哲学片段》约翰内斯·克里马库斯，大卫·f·斯文森

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/INTEJETHI.47.3.2989401

H. Alexander

引用次数: 0

On the Contented Life. Edgar A. Singer, Jr. 论满足的生活。小埃德加·辛格

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/INTEJETHI.47.3.2989398

M. Otto

引用次数: 0

Whitehead's Theory of Value 怀特海的价值理论

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989387

George Morgan,

{"title":"Whitehead's Theory of Value","authors":"George Morgan,","doi":"10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989387","url":null,"abstract":"T nHE status of values suffered aprogressive degradation parallel to that of knowledge in modern philosophy. Descartes's \"bifurcation. of nature\" banned tertiary as well as secondary qualities from the physical world. With values confined to the realm of minds conceived to be independent substances, the complete subjectivity of values was inevitable, no matter how much philosophers might dignify their retreat with moral \"postulates.\" Finally, values took flight altogether, and the nineteenth century witnessed nihilistic doctrines which completely severed the realm of values from the realm of facts-the one unreal, the other worthless. Whitehead's philosophy strikes at the presuppositions of this whole development, which lie in the category of substance and the derivative fallacies of \"simple location,\" \"misplaced concreteness,\" and \"vacuous actuality.\" If the ultimate actualities are not isolated substances but acts of experience related by mutual immanence, so that each is part of the \"real internal constitution\" of the other, and if none is purely mental or purely physical but each is both, then no \"mind\" is cut off from community with others, nor are \"minds\" excommunicated from nature. And, if the actualities themselves are infected with flux and relativity, there is no reason to banish values for a kindred crime. Thus it is a feature of Whitehead's theory of value that it is part of a general reconstruction of categories, not an isolated argument thriving on suppressed metaphysical premises. He opposes the compartmentalization of philosophy as a major source of sterility and guides his own thinking by the ideal of a coherent system in which all parts presuppose one another. Hence his philosophy includes values from the start and does not have to bring them in later as an apologetic afterthought.","PeriodicalId":346392,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Ethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127290780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Education and the Disciplines 教育与学科

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989393

R. Mckeon

引用次数: 5

History as a Central Study 作为中心研究的历史

The International Journal of Ethics Pub Date : 1937-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/intejethi.47.3.2989391

B. Wright

引用次数: 0