{"title":"THE CULTURAL IDENTITY ISSUES OF THE 19TH CENTURY ABKHAZIA","authors":"Lia Akhaladze","doi":"10.54414/clhi5910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/clhi5910","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural values of the nation, traditions, symbols, folklore, myths and legends, constitute the collective memory of this society. These values, created by educational and cultural centers, express the leading aspirations of the nation that created them and play a special role in shaping the identity of nations. The cultural identity of the population of Abkhazia rested on centuries-old traditions of Georgian-Abkhaz historical coexistence. This determined the fact that Abkhazia had remained a part of the all-Georgian cultural and historical universe. Since the end of the 17th century, when local Christian cultural and educational centers were liquidated in Abkhazia, cultural life in Abkhazia was supported only by the church centers of the Principality of Samegrelo (Odishi). Throughout the 19th century, the House of the Abkhaz principals was the center of the cultural life of Abkhazia. Even after the abolition of the Abkhaz principality (1864), representatives of the former ruling dynasty and people close to them determined the main aspects of social and cultural life. Above this, the history of the cultural life of Abkhazia of the 19th and early 20th centuries knows many prominent Georgians and Abkhazians, who great contributed to the creation of the cultural identity. The history of the cultural life of Abkhazia in the 19th and early 20th centuries reflects the main aspirations and characteristics of the cultural identity of the Abkhazian population: the establishment of new educational and cultural centers, close ties and cooperation with the progressive society of Tbilisi.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125152119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PATTERNS AND INTERPRETATION: BEYLAGAN'S LUSTERWARE SAMPLES","authors":"Mirjavid Aghalarov","doi":"10.54414/burr4135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/burr4135","url":null,"abstract":"The medieval city of Beylagan is one of the best-studied urban areas of Azerbaijan. As a result of this long-term research work, done by A. Alakbarov, A. Gasharli, I. Meschaninov, and others during the 1930s-1960s, rich samples of material culture were discovered from this city. This paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the lusterware findings from Beylagan. Back in the last century, B.A. Shelkovnikov conducted research and published an article about samples of Beylagan lusterwares, but this article mostly focused on the problem of their origin. The aim of this research is to explain the main pattern motifs of Beylagan's lusterware in detail. In addition, these pattern motifs were compared with the pattern motifs of Iranian cities, and the common aspects were brought to the fore. The material basis of the research includes artefacts from the Hermitage Museum of Russia and National History Museum of Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SOVIET ORIENTALISM AND CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE EAST","authors":"Ramin Fatullayev","doi":"10.54414/ssib2826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/ssib2826","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to compare the Orientalism of Edward Said and the understanding of Orient in Tsarist Russia and, most importantly, in Soviet Russia. Based on this, the Bolsheviks began to develop Oriental studies in early Soviet Russia, setting themselves the task of approaching the East, and expecting a world revolution from the East. Between 1917 and 1920 Soviet Russia experienced period of civil war, foreign intervention and expectations of revolution in Germany. When the Soviets realized that the revolution in the west could not be realized in a short time, they began to turn their attention to the east. On account of to break the influence of England in the east, they started a strict propaganda activity here. In a short time, they created institutions to learn the East and educate Marxist orientalists. The Baku Congress of the Peoples of the East in 1920, served to create the perception that the Soviets were friends of the Eastern peoples and to propagate against the British rule there. The executive organ of the Congress translated and delivered resolutions and propaganda materials to the countries of the East. Although the dream of the Soviets to start a revolution in the East lost its effect soon after the agreement with Great Britain","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133316761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE MILITARY-POLITICAL SITUATION IN AZERBAIJAN IN CONDITIONS OF THE CONFLICT OF THE BOLSHEVIKS AND THE NATIONAL FORCES (April-July 1918)","authors":"A. Azimova","doi":"10.54414/cewz6639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/cewz6639","url":null,"abstract":"The military-political situation in Azerbaijan in April-July 1918 in the context of the struggle of the Baku Soviet of People’s Commissars against the Republic of Azerbaijan is analyzed in the article. Since at the time of the establishment of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Baku gubernia was under the authority of the Baku Soviet of People’s Commissars, there was actually dual power in the country. But soon the Baku SPC started a war with the national government, due to which the Bolsheviks suffered heavy results. The article elucidates the relationship between the forces on the political scene in Baku. In the summer of 1918, the factors that determined the anti-Bolshevik activity of the forces represented in the Baku Soviet are revealed, and the reasons for the isolation and subsequent overthrow of the Bolsheviks are determined. The causes of disagreements between the Bolsheviks and the Dashnaks are analyzed in detail. Altogether, the influence of the Armenian factor on the events of the period is being studied. It also clarifies to whicht extent the military assistance of Soviet Russia played a role in the struggle of the Baku SPC against the Republic of Azerbaijan. The main source base of the paper is the press materials of the mentioned period and the memories of participants in the event of different political orientations.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MAMMAD EMIN RASULZADEH1 : THOUGHTS AND STRUGGLE FOR THE REPUBLIC","authors":"Dilgam Ahmadov","doi":"10.54414/kigp787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/kigp787","url":null,"abstract":"The Azerbaijani socio-political figure, head of Azerbaijan National Council and Musavat Party, Mammad Emin Rasulzadeh, has played a significant role in developing the national liberation movements and as well as realization of its concept in the South Caucasian region in the early 1900s. Especially during the First World War and after the collapse of the Tsarist Russian Empire, as a party leader and an editor of the newspaper, he did important work towards to be met the demands of the nations of the South Caucasus and the Muslims of Russia from the request of autonomy to the implementation of the independent state. After the Soviet Russian occupation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Mammad Emin Rasulzadeh continued his activities in Europe and wrote his thoughts about republicanism ideology in his published books and articles. This article studies such ideas as republicanism, musavatism and solidarism in the activities and works of Mammad Emin Rasulzadeh.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133546766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RELIGION AND POLITICAL POWER IN THE CAUCASIAN ALBANIA PRIOR TO AND DURING THE ARAB CONQUESTS","authors":"Lala Aliyeva","doi":"10.54414/pfyv4062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/pfyv4062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of 7th century political and military developments in the region on the position of the Caucasian Albanian Church. Holding a weak position among the common people, who preserved ancient traditions, the Caucasian Albanian Church proved unable to maintain its position after the Arab conquest, which created new political conditions. Prior to and during the Arab conquest the struggle between dyophysitism and monophysitism created uncertainty and weakened the status of Christianity in the region. Studies show that the Caucasian Albanian Church was an adherent of monothelitism and maintained close ties with Byzantium and the Georgian Orthodox Church throughout most of the Mihranid dynasty’s reign. However, with the strengthening of the Arab Caliphate during Umayyad rule, the political situation changed and the Armenian Church, holding good relations with the Caliphate, achieved the subordination of the Caucasian Albanian Church. The study reveals a number of reasons for the weakening and subordination of the Albanian Church to the Armenian.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123601763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Economic Order - Bretton Woods System After The World War II","authors":"Malahat Eynalizade","doi":"10.54414/sqlc8450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/sqlc8450","url":null,"abstract":"An agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom led to the founding of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in July 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The Bretton Woods institutions were created and put into place thanks in large part to American economic leadership, which reflected the country’s dominant position in the world’s diplomacy and economy in the years following World War II. A pattern of institutionalized multilateral cooperation that has come to be one of the defining characteristics of the post-World War II international political economy was undoubtedly influenced by the climate of international cooperation that emerged at Bretton Woods and persisted for decades afterward.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114266983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STRENGTHENING NATIONAL IDENTITY AND CULTURAL COHESION: WARTIME FOLKLORE STUDIES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA","authors":"Selina Gao","doi":"10.54414/jxwm8006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/jxwm8006","url":null,"abstract":"Folklore studies were closely tied to the emergence of the modern nation states and often used to rebuild national identities. In China, nationalism held an obvious appeal as the people confronted national crises and became increasingly influential in the twentieth centuries. It was not only directly related to the rising interest in folklore from the late 1910s and early 1920s, but also became the dominant theme of the folklore research during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Leading scholars of folklore studies looked to the past in order to strengthen cultural cohesion for the nation as a reaction to Japanese imperialism. Folklore studies in the southwest region under Nationalist control thrived and progressed in related theories and studies of minority customs. Scholars adopted a multi-disciplinary approach and rallied around folklore as a nationalist tool to demonstrate the connection between disparate communities within China. This work examines the great influence of nationalism on folk studies, shining a light on folklorists’ activities, folklore organizations, and primary publications during China’s War of Resistance against Japan.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122682484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MIGRATIONS OF THE POPULATION BETWEEN SOUTH AND NORTH OF AZERBAIJAN DURING THE TSARIST RUSSIAN COLONIAL RULE","authors":"Salman Ibishov","doi":"10.54414/ifjx3090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54414/ifjx3090","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the historical demographic situation of Shahsevan clans who migrated between the Ardabil, Garadag and Mughan regions of Azerbaijan from the end of the sixteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century in connection with the farming of pastures (nomadic livestock) during the Russian colonial rule. The mechanical movement of the population is examined in the context of the khanate period before the Russian occupation. And the seasonal migrations of the Shahsevan tribes from the south to the north of Azerbaijan was studied in the time frame of 1828-1885 and 1885-1917, and their role in the moral integrity of Azerbaijan, divided between Tsarist Russia and Iran, also in the struggle against the colonial authorities was indicated. It is not a coincidence that exactly on December 27, 1885, after the Shahsevans were massacred by the Russian border troops while crossing the Araz River, and the migrations of the Shahsevans who migrated from the Ardabil-Savalan regions to the Mughan plain were stopped. Further the Russian Empire, which gained a wide field of action in Mughan, began to move the tens of thousands of Russian peasant to Mughan until 1917. In this sense the article introduces the directions and essence of the colonial policy of Tsarist Russia based on the works of the founders of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.","PeriodicalId":345774,"journal":{"name":"Reconstructing the Past: Journal of Historical Studies","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116027164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}