{"title":"La Placita and the Evolution of Catholic Religiosity in Los Angeles","authors":"Michael J. Pfeifer","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In 1814 a Franciscan priest, Fray Luis Gil y Taboada, laid the cornerstone for a church at the founding plaza of Los Angeles, at the site of the original “sub-mission” chapel established by the Spanish in 1784. Originally intended to serve mixed-race settlers of the Los Angeles pueblo, La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (the Church of Our Lady of Angels), nicknamed the Plaza Church or La Placita, became the focal point of Catholic culture in Los Angeles—and of the mediation of cultural relationships between Hispano-descended Catholics and the largely Protestant Americans who migrated into Southern California after American annexation in 1846. The evolving social and cultural matrix of worship at La Placita has charted many shifts amid the creative persistence of Mexican Catholic religiosity. La Placita’s history suggests both significant variation around the West in the development of Catholic cultures and the ways in which the American West diverges dramatically from a model of American Catholic history predicated on nineteenth-century European Catholic immigration and institution building.","PeriodicalId":345716,"journal":{"name":"The Making of American Catholicism","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wisconsin Marianism and Upper Midwestern Catholic Culture, 1858–2010","authors":"Michael J. Pfeifer","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"In the late nineteenth century, a cultus that included a shrine and devoted followers developed around the claims of Adèle Brise, a Belgian immigrant, asserting that “Our Lady of Good Help” had appeared to her in Robinsonville in northeastern Wisconsin in the late 1850s. In December 2010, the bishop of Green Bay, David Ricken, pronounced the apparitions to Brise valid, making these the only American apparitions to be officially recognized by the Catholic Church. By contrast, in 1955 the bishop of La Crosse, John P. Treacy, found Mary Ann Van Hoof’s claim of receiving apparitions from “the Queen of the Holy Rosary, Mediatrix of Peace” in Necedah, central Wisconsin, to be inauthentic, and he prohibited Catholics from worshipping with Van Hoof and her followers. Van Hoof’s claims briefly attracted thousands of Midwestern Catholics seeking mystical experiences of Mary in an American nationalist idiom during the Cold War. The Robinsonville and Necedah apparitions were Upper Midwestern manifestations of a transnational Marian Revival originating in continental Europe after the French Revolution as European Catholics and their diasporas responded to aspects of liberal nationalism and its advocacy of an expansive modern state that undercut clerical authority and parochial communalism.","PeriodicalId":345716,"journal":{"name":"The Making of American Catholicism","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Strange Career of New Orleans Catholicism","authors":"Michael J. Pfeifer","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter closely traces the history of Our Lady of Lourdes Parish from its founding in 1905 through its closing after Hurricane Katrina in 2006 as a window into the evolution of New Orleans Catholicism from the nineteenth century through the twentieth, with a particular focus on the evolving significance of race and the role of transnational identities. An analytical microhistory of Lourdes Parish in the context of the lengthy history of New Orleans Catholicism reveals that racism and racial identity divided New Orleans Catholics through segregation, desegregation, and integration, even as a common Catholic culture posited a shared religious identity that transcended racial divisions. Throughout the experience of Lourdes Parish, and arguably in New Orleans Catholicism more broadly in the twentieth century, the particularities of white supremacism and racial identity interacted in dynamic tension with the universalistic claims of a common Catholic culture embracing all believers even as the New Orleans Church belatedly Americanized from its Gallic roots. One product of this tension was the distinct black Catholic culture that emerged at black-majority Catholic parishes in the Crescent City as black Catholics struggled against racism in the Church.","PeriodicalId":345716,"journal":{"name":"The Making of American Catholicism","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127543526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holy Cross on West Forty-Second and the Transformation of New York City’s Irish American Catholicism","authors":"Michael J. Pfeifer","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Archbishop John Hughes created Manhattan’s Holy Cross Parish in 1852 to serve the thousands of Irish Catholics moving north of Lower Manhattan into what became known as Longacre Square (later Times Square) and the developing neighborhood of Hell’s Kitchen. Holy Cross maintained a strong Irish American identity into the mid-twentieth century, and its path charted the transformation of the disciplined folk piety created by the “devotional revolution” in Ireland in the nineteenth century into an American Catholicism dominated by Irish American clergy who sought to defend communalistic Catholic distinctiveness amid the rapid urban growth and burgeoning individualistic capitalism of a historically Protestant nation. In the early twentieth century, clergy and laity at Holy Cross converted Irish Catholic longing for an independent Irish nation and ambivalence about American society into a powerful synthesis of Irish American culture and American patriotism. In subsequent decades, Irish American Catholics at Holy Cross also participated in an emergent reactionary critique of the changing sexual mores and increasing ethnic and racial diversity of urban America. The white ethnic Catholic stance on American social change would become a key rhetorical and ideological element of resurgent American conservatism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.","PeriodicalId":345716,"journal":{"name":"The Making of American Catholicism","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114181915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Making of a Midwestern Catholicism","authors":"Michael J. Pfeifer","doi":"10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter uses Iowa City’s history of transnational, multiethnic Catholic cultures to trace the complex and varied origins of a regional Midwestern Catholic culture. Iowa can in a sense be seen as indicative of the Catholic experience in the Lower Midwest, where diverse ethnic Catholic enclaves scattered across a largely rural landscape that also attracted large numbers of worshippers from various Protestant denominations, especially Methodists and Congregationalists. Iowa City provides an excellent setting to trace the formation of a regional Catholic Midwestern culture rooted in plural ethnic diasporas and transnational connections. In the antebellum and early postbellum periods, the town encompassed the diverse, heterogenous character of nineteenth-century Midwestern Catholicism, including significant numbers of Irish, German, and Bohemian (Czech) Catholics. Amid the centrifugal pressures initially exerted by their diversity, this chapter argues, Iowa City’s Catholics experienced in miniature larger processes that would play out across the Midwest and among American Catholics more generally. Uneasily integrated for several decades in a single parish housing the town’s three significant ethnic Catholic communities, St. Mary’s Parish would fracture in favor of ethnic separatism, the formation of distinct ethnic parishes, in the latter decades of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":345716,"journal":{"name":"The Making of American Catholicism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126312044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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