Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, Screening of psm A and psm B Gene Expression, and in Vitro Analysis of Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples","authors":"ِDavood Azadi, Pegah Khandan Del, M. Shafiee, A. Ayatollahi, A. Ahani Azari, Abolfazl Khandan Del, Mehdi Safarabadi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.185","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence, Antibiotic","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76302641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of OXA-10 and OXA-48 Like Carbapenemases among Enterobacter Isolates from Inpatients in Namazi Hospital in Shiraz","authors":"Melika Moradi, R. Khashei, Yalda Malekzadegan, J. Sarvari","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.215","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: The global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae represents a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the presence of some oxacillinase types and class 1-3 integrons among Enterobacter clinical isolates from an Iranian inpatient population. Materials & Methods : Ninety Enterobacter isolates from hospitalized patients were diagnosed by microbiological methods. Antibiogram pattern was also determined. The presence of class 1-3 integrons and four types of oxacillinase genes was assessed using PCR. Findings : Among 90 Enterobacter isolates, the most common species was E","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87117083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Bacterial Vaginal Discharge Etiology in Pregnant Women by Microscopic Examination and PCR","authors":"B. Ghanbari, M. Akbari, Nazila Najdi, M. Arjomandzadegan, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a common problem among pregnant women. The most common cause of these discharges is bacterial vaginosis (BV), which has numerous complications and causes problems for pregnant mothers and their fetuses. The purpose of this study was to determine the BV frequency among pregnant women referring to a gynecology clinic in Arak city using Amsel and Nugent criteria, Alberta guideline","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Colchicine and Propranolol on Toxoplasma gondii Entrance into Host Cells in vitro and in vivo","authors":"A. Daryani, M. Ebrahimzadeh, A. Pagheh, M. Sharif, S. Sarvi, E. Ahmadpour, S. Aghayan, F. Rezaei","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.251","url":null,"abstract":"Article Type Original Article Authors Ahmad Daryani, PhD1 Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh, PhD2 Abdol Sattar Pagheh, PhD3 Mahdi Sharif, PhD1 Shahabeddin Sarvi, PhD1 Ehsan Ahmadpour, PhD4 Sargis Aghayan, PhD5 Fatemeh Rezaei, PhD6* How to cite this article Daryani A., Ebrahimzadeh MA., Pagheh AS., Sharif M., Sarvi SH., Ahmadpour E., Aghayan S., Rezaei F. Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Colchicine and Propranolol on Toxoplasma gondii Entrance into Host Cells in vitro and in vivo. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2022;8(3): 251-258 1 Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 4 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 5 Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. 6 Islamic Azad University of Chalous Branch, Chalous, Iran * Correspondence Islamic Azad University of Chalous Branch, Chalous, Iran, PC 4816895475, Sari, Iran. Email: rezaei63@iauc.ac.ir Article History Received: February 07 ,2022 Accepted: July 20 ,2022 Published: September 19 ,2022 Backgrounds: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of increasing concern to humans and animals. Considering the side effects of drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis, it is essential to find alternative drugs. Materials & Methods: In this study, colchicine and propranolol at four concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 μg/mL) were added to the RPMI medium containing peritoneal macrophages and incubated for 60 min, Then tachyzoites were added to the medium, and the efficacy rates of colchicine and propranolol in inhibiting tachyzoites entry into macrophages were evaluated after 30 and 60 min. For in vivo assay, one group received no drugs, and the second group was treated with colchicine and propranolol at different concentrations for different durations. Findings: The in vitro experiment showed that treatment with 15 mg/mL of colchicine and propranolol for 60 min following tachyzoites addition was the most efficient method to inhibit tachyzoites penetration, indicating the efficacy rates of 80.20%±1.20 and 89.97%±1.30, respectively (p< .05). Based on the in vivo test, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of colchicine one hour before tachyzoites injection had the best inhibitory effect (70.32%±4.07). Also, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of propranolol 90 min before tachyzoites injection (78.54%±1.99) induced the best inhibitory effect (p< .05). Conclusion: According to the results, colchicine and propranolol could inhibit tachyzoites entrance into nucleated cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the most efficient concentrations and times for using these substances were determined. Copyright@ 2022, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Cr","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Community and Hospital Acquired Infections in Bandar Abbas","authors":"T. Dehghani, A. Karmostaji","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.233","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) infections in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 S. aureus strains isolated from 59 outpatients and 51 inpatients during 2018-2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method. Epsilometer test was used to measure vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cefoxitin disc (30 μg) was used to screen MRSA isolates. The presence of mecA gene was examined by PCR method. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types were detected in S. aureus isolates using multiplex-PCR. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the results. Findings: Out of 110 isolates, 45 (40.9%) isolates carried the mecA gene: 20 (39.2%) isolates from inpatients and 25 (42.4%) isolates from outpatients. MRSA isolates showed the highest resistance to azithromycin (69.8%), tetracycline (60.4%), and clindamycin (32.1%), respectively. Vancomycin MIC against MRSA isolates ranged from 0.75 to 5 μg/mL. SCCmec type I, III, IV, and V were detected in 20 (44.4%), three (6.7%), 16 (35.5%), and six (13.3%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: The predominant SCCmec types were type I and type IV, which were detected in CA-and HA-MRSA isolates, respectively. No significant difference in the presence of SCCmec type III and antibiotic resistance was found between CA- and HA-MRSA isolates, indicating the possibility of cross-infection between these isolates. Developing appropriate treatment protocols to prevent the spread of MRSA infections in the community is currently an urgent need.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84034293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of MRSA Bacteremia in Liver Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"A. Emami, Fatemeh Javanamardi, A. Rezaei, N. Pirbonyeh","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.3.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.3.277","url":null,"abstract":"Infection is one of the major threats to liver transplant patients and significantly affects associated mortality and morbidity. Serious infections are likely to occur a few months after transplantation, and most of them are bacterial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in liver transplant patients","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89458570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association among Biofilm Formation, Serogroups, and Virulence Factors in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food, Clinical, and Livestock Sources","authors":"Sara Parvin, Farzaneh Broumand Sorkhabi, Elnaz Ohadi, L. Lotfollahi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"were collected from blood, urine, feces, placenta, rectum, and vagina samples as well as livestock and food samples. Biofilm production was measured using microtiter plate assay, and virulence genes were identified by PCR method. Findings: Out of 51 isolates, 27 (52.9%) were non-biofilm producers, 17 (33.3%) were weak biofilm producers, four (7.8%) were medium biofilm producers, and three (5.9%) were strong biofilm producers. According to this study results, different L. monocytogenes strains could form biofilm with various intensities. The actA plcB genes were observed in all the isolates. The frequency of the hlyA, plcA, iap, inlB , and inlC genes among the isolates was 90.2, 94.1, 98, 88.2, and 82.4%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the presence/absence of virulence genes in biofilm producing and non-biofilm forming isolates, except for the inlC and iap genes, which showed a significant correlation with the ability to form biofilm. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence rate of biofilm formation among the isolates the importance of biofilm production in medical surfaces and food industries, eradication of isolates is important.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78245138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of C-Terminal Region of SERA5 Gene in Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Southwestern Iran","authors":"G. Shokoohi, A. Saadatnia, A. Abolghazi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.2.177","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: by sequencing In this study, 14 different isolates were identified among all samples, which were recorded in the World Gene Bank. The number of haplotypes among the 14 samples was 12. Also, there were 25 polymorphic nucleotide positions out of about 400 nucleotide sites. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (1.87094) and the amount of Tajima’s D (-0.57671) indicated the positive effect of natural selection on the genetic diversity of C-ter-minal region in the SERA5 gene. Conclusions: Considering the safety and relative immunogenicity of vaccines, in addition to performing clinical trials, a regional vaccine should be developed to overcome genetic variation and antigenic changes in proteins.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84486032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Promising Solution for Controlling the Growth of Gentamicin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"Sajedeh Mardani, L. Fozouni, G. Najafpour","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.2.99","url":null,"abstract":"of this study to investigate the antibacterial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on strains in 100 out of 250 urine samples, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated against six antibiotic classes (with emphasis on aminoglycosides) by disk diffusion method according to CLSI-2020 guidelines. The presence of aac (6’)-Ie-aph (2’’) gene in isolates was investigated by PCR. Antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays, respectively. Findings: Among 100 E. coli isolates, the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (70%) and ofloxacin (10%), respectively. Of 30 gentamicin-resistant E. coli isolates, 17 (56.5%) isolates harbored the aac (6’)-Ie-aph (2’’) gene. In agar well diffusion assay, 22 (74%) gentamicin-resistant isolates were eliminated by zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 150 mg/L, while ZnONPs at 300 mg/L could eliminate all gentamicin-resistant isolates. Furthermore, ZnONPs could inhibit all bacteria at a concentration of 200 μg /mL (MIC 90 ≥ 100). Conclusions: Spread of the aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’) gene could increase gentamicin resistance among E. coli strains causing UTI. Given the favorable antibacterial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in vitro , the clinical application of these nanoparticles in the treatment of UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant E. coli could be investigated in future studies.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82547248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Comparison of Diagnostic Methods, Antibiogram, and Genotyping of Arcobacter spp. in Diarrheal Cases Referring to Clinical Centers in Iran","authors":"Sara Khalili Dermani, M. Akbari, M. Arjomandzadegan, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Arcobacter is an emerging bacterium that may cause watery diarrhea and septicemia in humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in diarrheal stool specimens using culture and molecular methods, their genetic diversity, and their resistance to different antibiotics in patients referring to clinical centers in Arak, Iran. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, diarrheal stool specimens were collected from 230 patients over a two-month period from July to September 2016. The samples were tested for the presence of Arcobacter species. Suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical tests and identified by phenotypic methods. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. were also directly detected by multiplex-PCR. Findings: Out of 230 samples, 20 samples (8.69%) were positive in culture method, and 44 samples (19.13%) were positive in PCR method, all culture-positive samples were also positive in PCR method. Rep-PCR indicated 14 different rep types among Arcobacter spp. isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. All Arcobacter isolates were resistant to cefazolin, ceftazidime, and nalidixic acid. The isolates showed high susceptibility to tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, amikacin, meropenem, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Iran to isolate Arcobacter spp. from patients with gastroenteritis. The results indicate that Arcobacter spp. are one of the main causes of acute diarrhea in humans. The research outcomes show that Arcobacter spp. could be considered as the etiology of gastrointestinal infections in humans.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89751633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}