2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation Method of Remaining Oil Properties in a Sunken Ship Using Ultrasonic Technique","authors":"M. Shimada, K. Hoshino","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370820","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this paper is to clarify the ultrasonic estimation method for oil properties which is necessary for recovery from a sunken ship. We examined numerical relation between oil properties and ultrasonic propagation characteristics and introduced numerical formulas which calculate ultrasonic attenuation and reflection coefficients at a tank wall-oil boundary using oil properties. Ultrasonic attenuation is closely related with viscosity and we evaluated their calculated attenuation in various types of oil from a point of measurement at a sunken ship. The most oil assumed in a sunken ship shows quite high attenuation and a measurement of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity is found to be impractical to a sunken ship. As an applicable measurement method to a sunken ship, we investigated on ultrasonic reflection phenomenon at steel-oil interface affected by oil viscosity. In case of shear wave, the reflection coefficient is largely dependent on oil viscosity, and the reflection measurement shows some possibility to viscosity estimation. In case of longitudinal wave, the reflection coefficient is found to be largely dependent on oil density and bulk modulus, are almost free from oil viscosity.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132518346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rotation Control System to Improve the Accuracy of an Inertial Navigation System Installed in an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle","authors":"S. Ishibashi, S. Tsukioka, T. Sawa, H. Yoshida, T. Hyakudome, J. Tahara, T. Aoki, A. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370772","url":null,"abstract":"An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is equipped with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in order to detect its own current position for the autonomous cruise. It has a sensor part and an arithmetical part. The sensor part is composed of three gyros and three accelerometers, and the three-dimensional coordinate system (INS coordinate system) is defined in the arithmetical part. And an accelerometer and a gyro are set on each axis in the coordinate system. The INS calculates AUV's position using outputs of the sensors. So the position accuracy of it depends strongly on the precision of the sensors. However they have drift-bias errors which increase with the passage of the time. So, a method, which applies the rotational motion to the INS, is proposed in order to reduce the errors. In this method, the INS is put on the turntable and the INS is rotated by it around an axis of the INS coordinate system. And the errors of sensors, which are set on non-rotation axis, were reduced on average. This causes the position accuracy improvement. As the experimental results, the position error of the INS is reduced up to four times if suitable methods are given to it.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Multidisciplinary Deep Sea Observatories:How to Find Compromise between Scientific Needs, Technological Capabilities and Financial Resources: The ESONET Contribution","authors":"R. Person","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370805","url":null,"abstract":"Long term monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystem life and evolution, global changes and geohazards, is now recognized as a necessary by the scientific community. To better understand geophysical, biogeochemical, oceanographic and biological active phenomena scientists need long time series of data coming from the deep sea and the seafloor at key provinces in the world.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115435884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NEPTUNE Project - a cabled ocean observatory in the NE Pacific: Overview, challenges and scientific objectives for the installation and operation of Stage I in Canadian waters","authors":"C. Barnes, M. Best, B. Bornhold, S. Juniper, B. Pirenne, P. Phibbs","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370809","url":null,"abstract":"NEPTUNE (North-East Pacific Undersea Networked Experiments) will be an innovative network of many sub-sea observatories linked by about 3,000 km of powered, electro-optic cable covering most of the Juan de Fuca Plate (200,000 sq km), North-East Pacific, with shore stations at Port Alberni, BC and probably Nedonna Beach, OR (www.neptunecanada.ca, www.orionprogram.org, www.neptune.washington.edu). Each observatory will host and power many scientific instruments on the surrounding seafloor, in boreholes in the seafloor, and buoyed into the water column. Remotely operated and autonomous vehicles will reside at depth, powered or recharged at observatories and directed from distant labs. Continuous near-real-time multidisciplinary measurement series will extend over 25 years. Major research themes include: structure and seismic behavior of the ocean crust; dynamics of hot and cold fluids and gas hydrates in the upper ocean crust and overlying sediments; ocean/climate change and effects on ocean biota/fisheries at all depths; deep-sea sedimentation, ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity; and engineering and computational systems research. These involve interacting processes, long-term changes, and chaotic, episodic events difficult to study and quantify by traditional means.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115114682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Echo for Identifying the Temporal Structure of the Fish by Using the Broadband Sonar Signal of Dolphin","authors":"I. Matsuo, T. Imaizumi, M. Furusawa, T. Akamatsu, Y. Nishimori, S. Ogawa","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370758","url":null,"abstract":"Dolphins can recognize prey by using the broadband sonar signals. The echo from the fish contains components resulting from multiple reflections, for example, the swimbladder and body surface of the fish. It is necessary for identification of fish species to estimate the positions and amplitudes of these reflections. In this paper, we analyzed the echo from the fish by using the sonar signal of the bottlenose dolphin. Firstly, we analyzed echoes which were measured from the anaesthetized fish in a water tank. It was verified that the numbers and delays of reflections are varied with both the species and the tilt angle. Secondary, we analyzed the echo which was measured from the live fish suspended by nylon monofilament line in the open sea. It was verified that the delays and amplitudes of reflections are varied with the orientation and movement of the fish.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115572162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Point-Based Principal Component Analysis on Environment, Ships and Cetaceans Whistles Signal Classification","authors":"Chiao-Mei Wang, Chau-Chang Wang, Shing-Wen Hu, Shi-Lun Luo","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370947","url":null,"abstract":"For many undersea research application scenarios, instruments need to be deployed for more than one month which is the basic time interval for many phenomena. With limited power supply and memory, management strategies are crucial for the success of data collection. For acoustic recording of undersea activities, in general, either preprogrammed duty cycle is configured to log partial time series, or spectrogram of signal is derived and stored, to utilize the available memory storage efficiently. To overcome this limitation, we come up with an algorithm to classify different sound patterns and store only the sound data of interest. Conventionally, pattern recognition for acoustic signal is done in spectral level. Features like characteristic frequencies, large amplitude of selected frequencies or intensity threshold are used to identify or classify different patterns. On main limitation for this type of approaches is that the algorithm is generally range-dependent, as a result, also sound-level-dependent. This type of algorithms will be less robust to the change of the environment. One the other hand, one interesting observation is that when human beings look at the spectrogram, they will immediately tell the difference between two patterns. Even though no knowledge about the nature of the source, human beings still can discern the tiny dissimilarity and group them accordingly. This suggests that the recognition and classification can be done in spectrogram as an image processing and recognition problem. In this work, we propose to modify PCA (Principal Component Analysis), a popular technique used in face recognition, to classify sounds of interest in the ocean. Among all different sound sources in the ocean, we focus on three categories of our interest, i.e., rain, ship and whale and dolphin. The sound data were recorded with an instrument called PAL (Passive Acoustic Listener) developed by Nystuen [1], Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington. The recording strategy is to turn on the system and picks up 4.5 seconds at the beginning of the pre-set duty cycle. Spectrogram is derived to check if certain frequency band with significant intensity exists. If so, additional 4.5 seconds clips will be recorded until the conditions cease to exist. Otherwise, the system goes to sleep mode and waits for the next duty cycle. Therefore, the final data file consists of intermittent recording of 4.5 seconds clips for most of the time. Conventional PCA takes the whole m times n face image (in our case the spectrogram) and stretch it into a long mn times 1 vector. M training images, represented by these mn times 1 vectors, are used to obtain eigen vectors. The vectors corresponding to the largest-k eigenvalues are used to construct the recognition space, thus all the images are points in this space. Face recognition is then reformulated as finding the shortest Euclidian distance between points. For our case, unlike human faces, there are no well-defined fea","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Ribbon Like Fin Using Electro Conductive Polymer For Precise Motion Control","authors":"K. Sugiyama, K. Ishii, K. Kaneto","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370748","url":null,"abstract":"Precise motion control of underwater vehicles without mechanical noises is a technical issue on underwater observation. As a solution for the problem, we pay attentions to bio-mechanisms of underwater creatures, especially ribbon-like fins being used for attitude control. Bio-mechanisms of creatures are adapted to environment as a result of evolution. If the motor control mechanisms of the creatures can be introduced into underwater robots, there is a possibility that a high performance actuator will be realized. In this research, we have been trying to develop a bio-inspired underwater actuator instead of screw propellers. As the material of a developing actuator,electroconductive polymer is used as an artificial muscle. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the developing actuator and the results of performance evaluation test of the developed electro conductive polymer is discussed.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127487524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEPTUNE Stage I Network Architecture","authors":"P. Phibbs, S. Lentz","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370954","url":null,"abstract":"Developed over the course of over six years, the NEPTUNE Stage I network will be the first ocean observatory to link a wide variety of deepwater undersea science instruments with the global Internet. The development of NEPTUNE Stage I poses many challenges. The network must deliver high bandwidth, high power, while being manageable and reliable. NEPTUNE Stage I addresses these challenges using a combination of commercial submarine telecommunications equipment, commercial off-the-shelf equipment intended for enterprise applications, and newly developed components. A single, optically amplified fiber pair and distributed Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing (OADM) branching units provide a protected optical path to each node. Each optical path has an effective capacity of 2 Gb/s. Layer 2 switching and IEEE 802.3 ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol provide a protection mechanism and allow traffic to be shared on the two diverse paths thus making 4 Gb/s bandwidth available to each node during normal operation. The powering solution employs a constant voltage scheme capable of providing up to 10 kW at each node and over 120 kW total. An intermediate voltage of 400V is used for distribution with the node and from the node to instrument platforms.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121598158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of MBARI Autonomous Underwater Mapping Results for ORION Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) and Neptune Canada","authors":"W. Kirkwood, D. Caress","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370832","url":null,"abstract":"We present results from MBARI's two contrasting missions of MBARI's autonomous underwater mapping vehicle; the first in Monterey Canyon and the second in Barkley Canyon offshore Vancouver Island. The data requirements for both expeditions were similar, to confirm cable routing plans as part of the U.S. Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) and Neptune Canada project. The paper compares the data sets obtained by the MBARI mapping AUV. We also discuss how the various sonar and navigation subsystem technologies individually contributed. The paper then outlines how the AUV successfully accomplished the mission objectives by giving detailed technical and operational information with regarding to each mission's specific needs. Topics include aiding of AUV terrain following navigation using previously obtained ship based multibeam maps, operational and technical constraints of simultaneous data collection from the multibeam, subbottom, side scan, and Doppler velocity log (DVL) acoustic devices as well as surface aided navigation. Details of the resulting maps will be contrasted between the two regions contrasting the AUV high resolution processed data plots image with visually documented bottom and subbottom conditions. The paper concludes with analysis of the Monterey Canyon multibeam mapping data and the altered cable route and further contrasts those results with pending Barkley Canyon decisions for a southern bound cable extension.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"143-144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127002422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Integrated In Situ Analyzer for Manganese (IISA-Mn) in Deep Sea Environment","authors":"C. Provin, T. Fukuba, T. Fujii","doi":"10.1109/UT.2007.370816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370816","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese is a metal ion that can be found at ultra trace level in the ocean. Mainly, manganese comes into the ocean through hydrothermal vents. Usually, determination of manganese concentration is done by sampling seawater in bottles and measuring afterward onboard a ship or in a lab on the ground. Major drawbacks of that method are that only a few samples can be taken at a time and that there is always a risk of contaminations. The use of microfabrication techniques to produce an in situ microanalyzer that can be installed in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) or Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) can overcome these issues. Miniaturization is an asset for mounting an analyzer in AUVs or ROVs due to low total volume (less reagents) and electrical consumption, and for increasing spatial and temporal resolution (higher rate of sampling) to make 3D manganese cartography possible. Here we show the development of an integrated in-situ analyzer for manganese based on chemiluminescence detection. Manganese catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 into radicals OHldr that react with luminol to produce light, which intensity is proportional to Mn2+ concentration. Reagents are brought by syringe pumps or pressure-proof mieropumps to a reaction chamber made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material.","PeriodicalId":345403,"journal":{"name":"2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122276861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}