Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics最新文献

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Three-dimensional Darcy-forchheimer modelling of MHD hybrid nanofluid over rotating stretching/shrinking surface with Hamilton-Crosser and Yamada-Ota conductivity models 利用 Hamilton-Crosser 和 Yamada-Ota 传导模型对旋转拉伸/收缩表面上的 MHD 混合纳米流体进行三维达西-福克海默建模
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100973
Subhajit Panda , P.K. Pattnaik , S.R. Mishra , Surender Ontela
{"title":"Three-dimensional Darcy-forchheimer modelling of MHD hybrid nanofluid over rotating stretching/shrinking surface with Hamilton-Crosser and Yamada-Ota conductivity models","authors":"Subhajit Panda ,&nbsp;P.K. Pattnaik ,&nbsp;S.R. Mishra ,&nbsp;Surender Ontela","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Instead of single nanoparticles, the combined effects of more than one solid nanoparticle have presented wide range of real-word application in several engineering as well as biomedical areas. The present analysis brings out a combined effect of Hamilton-Crosser and Yamada-Ota thermal conductivity models for the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybridised fluid vi a rotating stretching/shrinking surface. The hybridised fluid comprised of silver and molybdenum tetrasulphide nanoparticle in association with the effect of Joule heating enriches the flow properties. Additionally, the Darcy-Forchheimer inertial drag with the impose of thermal radiation affecting the flow as well as heat transfer properties. The proposed mathematical model equipped with physical assumptions is transmuted into dimensionless form by utilizing similarity functions. Further, the traditional numerical technique is taken care of for the solution of the transmuted model equipped with diversified factors. The important characteristic of several factors are deployed graphically affecting various flow profiles. Finally, the outstanding features explored in the proposed investigation are stated as below; the comparative analysis reveals that, the heat transport properties became advanced in case of Hamilton-Crosser model rather than the Yamada-Ota conductivity model. However, the heat transportation rate is controlled by the increasing Eckert number but thermal radiation enhances it significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated Jacobi elliptic function solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation by utilizing new solutions of the elliptic equation of order six 利用阶数为 6 的椭圆方程的新解,求 (3+1) 维广义卡多姆采夫-彼得维亚什维利方程的雅可比椭圆函数积分解
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100954
Ahmad H. Alkasasbeh , Belal Al-Khamaiseh , Ahmad T. Ali
{"title":"Integrated Jacobi elliptic function solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation by utilizing new solutions of the elliptic equation of order six","authors":"Ahmad H. Alkasasbeh ,&nbsp;Belal Al-Khamaiseh ,&nbsp;Ahmad T. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the generalized <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-GKPE) that expresses various nonlinear phenomena was studied. An extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method (JEFEM) was developed by considering new solutions for the Jacobi elliptic equation of order six. Then the extended method was applied to the <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-GKPE, where new exact Jacobi elliptic function solutions were obtained. This equation is of particular interest as it required a special transformation in order to apply the JEFEM. Moreover, some of the solutions are shown graphically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of fractional and integer order derivatives on the (4+1)-dimensional fractional Davey–Stewartson–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation 分数和整数阶导数对 (4+1)-dimensional 分数 Davey-Stewartson-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili 方程的影响
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100966
Adil Jhangeer , Haiqa Ehsan , Muhammad Bilal Riaz , Abdallah M. Talafha
{"title":"Impact of fractional and integer order derivatives on the (4+1)-dimensional fractional Davey–Stewartson–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation","authors":"Adil Jhangeer ,&nbsp;Haiqa Ehsan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Riaz ,&nbsp;Abdallah M. Talafha","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the closed-form wave solutions of the <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dimensional fractional Davey–Stewartson–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation are investigated using the modified auxiliary equation method and the Jacobi elliptic function method. In the analysis, two fractional derivatives known as M-truncated, beta and integer order derivative are used. The fractional-order partial differential equation is transformed into an integer-order ordinary differential equation by using the wave transformation, fractional derivatives, and integer-order derivatives. As a result, wave function solutions are found, including bell shape, W-shaped, composite dark-bright and periodic wave. The effects of free parameters on the amplitudes and wave behaviors are illustrated. It is demonstrated extensively that changes in the free parameters lead to changes in the wave amplitude. A comparison of solutions using the two types of fractional derivatives and the integer-order derivatives is included. The effects of the beta derivative, the M-truncated derivative and integer order derivative on the considered model are presented using 2D and 3D figures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map via an integral equation with the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel 通过具有邻接广义诺伊曼核的积分方程计算狄利克特到诺伊曼映射
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100967
Samir Naqos , Ali H.M. Murid , Mohamed M.S. Nasser , Su Hoe Yeak
{"title":"Computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map via an integral equation with the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel","authors":"Samir Naqos ,&nbsp;Ali H.M. Murid ,&nbsp;Mohamed M.S. Nasser ,&nbsp;Su Hoe Yeak","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new numerical method for computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for Laplace’s equation in simply and multiply connected smooth domains is introduced. This method is based on an integral equation with the adjoint generalized Neumann kernel. Contrary to the classical approach which requires numerical differentiation in a post-processing step, our method allows computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map directly without the need of numerical differentiation in post-processing. The results of our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method gives better accuracy and is more efficient than the classical approach for large problems with unbounded multiply connected domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Galerkin finite element technique with Iweobodo-Mamadu-Njoseh wavelet (IMNW) basis function for the solution of time-fractional advection–diffusion problems 利用 Iweobodo-Mamadu-Njoseh 小波 (IMNW) 基函数的 Galerkin 有限元技术求解时间分数平流扩散问题
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100965
D.C. Iweobodo , G.C. Abanum , N.I. Ochonogor , J.S. Apanapudor , I.N. Njoseh
{"title":"A Galerkin finite element technique with Iweobodo-Mamadu-Njoseh wavelet (IMNW) basis function for the solution of time-fractional advection–diffusion problems","authors":"D.C. Iweobodo ,&nbsp;G.C. Abanum ,&nbsp;N.I. Ochonogor ,&nbsp;J.S. Apanapudor ,&nbsp;I.N. Njoseh","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the authors used wavelet-based Galerkin finite element technique constructed with Iweobodo-Mamadu-Njoseh wavelet as the basis function, for the numerical solution of time-fractional advection–diffusion equations. To achieve this, the authors used the Iweobodo-Mamadu-Njoseh wavelet as well as fractional calculus, wavelet and wavelet transform, and the Galerkin finite element technique. Also, time and space discretization in relation to the finite element technique were considered, followed by the steps in implementing numerical solutions to TFADE with the new technique. The new technique was considered in seeking numerical solutions of some Caputo type TFADE test problems, and the resulting numerical evidence displayed the effectiveness and accuracy of the method as the results obtained with the new method converged at a good pace to the exact solutions. The results obtained at different fractional order were also compared and the resulting evidence showed that at certain fractional value the convergence behavior displayed slight differences. Every numerical computation was done with the use of MAPLE 18 software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brownian motion in a magneto Thermo-diffusion fluid flow over a semi-circular stretching surface 半圆拉伸面上磁热扩散流体流动中的布朗运动
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100970
Shankar Rao Munjam , D Gopal , N. Kishan , Shoira Formanova , K. Karthik , Furqan Ahmad , M. Waqas , Manish Gupta , M. Ijaz Khan
{"title":"Brownian motion in a magneto Thermo-diffusion fluid flow over a semi-circular stretching surface","authors":"Shankar Rao Munjam ,&nbsp;D Gopal ,&nbsp;N. Kishan ,&nbsp;Shoira Formanova ,&nbsp;K. Karthik ,&nbsp;Furqan Ahmad ,&nbsp;M. Waqas ,&nbsp;Manish Gupta ,&nbsp;M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study explores the mass and heat transport analysis of a Casson liquid stream past a curved surface. The current model considers the effect of magnetic strength brought on by the strength of the applied uniform magnetic field. The significance of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are also taken into account using the Buongiorno nano-liquid model. The study of liquid flow over stretching sheets frequently addresses practical issues that have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their importance in various domains, including microfluidics, fibreglass production, manufacturing, transportation, metal extrusion, thermal insulation, glass production, paper manufacturing, and acoustic blasting. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. These equations are numerically solved using the finite difference method (FDM). The concentration, temperature, and velocity graphs were produced by varying the different physical parameters. The upsurge in the magnetic parameter reduces the velocity profile. As the magnetic parameter increases, thermal and concentration profiles upsurge. The decrease in velocity profile can be seen as the Casson parameter rises. The intensification in values of thermophoretic parameter enhances the thermal and concentration profiles. The concentration and thermal profiles reduce as the curvature parameter upsurges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of heat and mass transfer rates in conducting Casson fluid flow over an expanding surface considering Ohmic heating and Darcy dissipation effects 考虑欧姆加热和达西耗散效应的膨胀表面上传导卡松流体流动的传热和传质速率分析
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100972
Rupa Baithalu , S.R. Mishra , P.K. Pattnaik , Subhajit Panda
{"title":"Analysis of heat and mass transfer rates in conducting Casson fluid flow over an expanding surface considering Ohmic heating and Darcy dissipation effects","authors":"Rupa Baithalu ,&nbsp;S.R. Mishra ,&nbsp;P.K. Pattnaik ,&nbsp;Subhajit Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a recent scenario, the flow of Casson fluid via porous media has practical applications in various engineering processes, such, as the design of cooling systems for electronic devices, oil recovery in porous reservoirs, and polymer extrusion processes, etc. The proposed investigation illustrates the thermal and solutal transfer rates in a conducting Casson fluid flow over an expanding surface. However, the emphasis goes to the behavior of the Ohmic heating and Darcy dissipation when considering the transverse magnetic field and porous matrix. The governing flow phenomena with their dimensional form are altered into a non-dimensional set of equations with the help of suitable similarity rules. Further, an adequate numerical simulation is adopted to solve the transformed equations using the in-house bvp4c function in MATLAB. The physical parameters involved in the flow problem and their behavior on the governing flow phenomena are presented graphically and described briefly. Prior to this investigation, the conformity of the current numerical output obtained for the heat transfer rate was validated with the earlier work with a good correlation. Moreover, the major outcomes are; the non-Newtonian Casson parameter retards the axial and transverse velocity profile and the shear rate also decreases significantly. The Eckert number caused by the inclusion of the dissipative heat encourages the fluid temperature throughout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced numerical techniques for solving generalized rotavirus mathematical model via iterative method and ρ-Laplace transform 通过迭代法和ρ-拉普拉斯变换求解广义轮状病毒数学模型的增强型数值技术
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100963
Rishi Kumar Pandey , Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
{"title":"Enhanced numerical techniques for solving generalized rotavirus mathematical model via iterative method and ρ-Laplace transform","authors":"Rishi Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotavirus infection is a significant cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide. This research investigates a time fractional-order epidemic model for rotavirus under uncertain conditions, defined using the Katugampola fractional derivative (KFD). We employ a semi-analytic technique known as the Generalized Transform Variational Iterative Method (GTVIM) to solve the model, starting with specific initial conditions. This approach combines the <span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span>-Laplace Transform and the Variational Iterative Method. The Banach space fixed point theorem establishes the model’s existence and uniqueness. Furthermore, numerical analyses are performed for various fractional orders of two parameters to explore the dynamics of the rotavirus epidemic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lie group classification and conservation laws of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon Fock equation (2+1)- 维非线性阻尼克莱因-戈登 Fock 方程的李群分类和守恒定律
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100962
Faiza Arif , Adil Jhangeer , F.M. Mahomed , F.D. Zaman
{"title":"Lie group classification and conservation laws of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon Fock equation","authors":"Faiza Arif ,&nbsp;Adil Jhangeer ,&nbsp;F.M. Mahomed ,&nbsp;F.D. Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, the <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon Fock equation is studied using the classical Lie symmetry method. A complete Lie group classification is conducted to derive the specific forms of the arbitrary smooth functions included in the equation, resulting in two distinct cases. Using the similarity transformation method, the reductions of the considered equation in the form of ordinary differential equations are obtained. Several invariant solutions including the traveling wave solutions and soliton solutions of the <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon Fock equation are uncovered. Also, the results are represented through 2D and 3D graphs with their physical interpretations. Notably, using the partial Lagrangian method, the conservation laws are derived, which also yield two separate cases with several subcases. These results offer better insights into the solution properties of nonlinear damped Klein–Gordon Fock equation and other complex nonlinear wave equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-dimensional nonlinear Brinkman and steady-state Navier–Stokes equations for fluid flow in PCL PCL 中流体流动的二维非线性布林克曼方程和稳态纳维-斯托克斯方程
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100961
Surachai Phaenchat, Kanognudge Wuttanachamsri
{"title":"Two-dimensional nonlinear Brinkman and steady-state Navier–Stokes equations for fluid flow in PCL","authors":"Surachai Phaenchat,&nbsp;Kanognudge Wuttanachamsri","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To remove mucus from the human body, periciliary layer (PCL) is an important region found in the human respiratory system. When a human inhales strange particles along with air into the body, goblet cells inside the epithelial cells secrete mucus to catch those particles and form a mucus layer on the top of the PCL. Since the velocity of the fluid in the PCL and cilia residing in the PCL affect the movement of mucus, in this work, we apply two-dimensional nonlinear Brinkman and steady-state Navier–Stokes equations to find the velocity of the fluid in the PCL. In the equations, the velocity of cilia is also contributed in the mathematical model which perturbs the fluid movement instead of the pressure gradient. Because bundles of cilia are considered in this work rather than a single cilium, the governing equations are derived from the hybrid mixture theory (HMT) which are the equations in a macroscopic scale. The numerical solutions are obtained by using a mixed finite element method of Taylor–Hood type and Newton’s method. We focus on five different angles of cilia that make with the horizontal plane. The velocity of the PCL fluid is presented for each angle. The numerical solutions obtained in this study can be useful in finding the mucus velocity that can help physicians to treat patients who have massive mucus in their lungs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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