Health Policy Open最新文献

{"title":"Study of the ex-post moral hazard of laboratory services in Iran","authors":"Seyed Alireza Otobideh,&nbsp;Hasan Yusefzadeh,&nbsp;Siamak Aghlmand,&nbsp;Cyrus Alinia","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The basic health insurances cover more than 90% of the Iranian population but have failed to organize the referral system and created favorable conditions for the ex-post moral hazard. Five hundred fifty people older than 15 years were randomly selected in five districts of Urmia city and completed the questionnaire to study the existence of Ex-post moral hazard in utilizing the high-consumption laboratory services (blood and urine tests). In this population-based cross-sectional study, utilization of the services in two groups of insured and uninsured people was analyzed using odds ratio statistics and logistic regression. The findings showed that being female (OR: 2.38) and having health insurance (OR: 2.03) played a very determinative role in obtaining selected laboratory services, and about 9% of the laboratory services provided were caused by ex-post moral hazard. The predicted size of ex-post moral hazard is significant, so its control requires modifying health insurance policies in determining the premium and cost-sharing schemes and controlling physicians' behavior as the principal applicants for these services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco control policies in India were unable to address inequities in Tobacco-related harm","authors":"Rohini Ruhil","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) India 2016–17 has shown that increased regulations over time impacted tobacco use culture, which opened the doors for further regulation, making it an iterative process. But do the ‘tobacco control policies’ reach till most deprived sections of society? This paper tries to answer this question.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this paper, the relative reduction in tobacco use prevalence is seen (from 2009 to 10 to 2016–17) across different levels of material deprivation and educational attainment. The relative reduction in prevalence/ use of various forms of smoking and smokeless tobacco products was also studied.</p><p>Material Deprivation as a new index was computed, where the weightage was given to various variables related to household ownership of various material things as available in data sets of GATS Survey. The recoded variables were then added and further categorised into six levels of material deprivation where Level 1 corresponds to least deprived and Level 6 corresponds to most deprived.</p><p>The relative reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use was calculated with the formula [(P1-P2)/P1]*100, where P1 is the prevalence of tobacco use (smoking or smokeless) during GATS1 (2009–10), and P2 is the prevalence of tobacco use (smoking or smokeless) during GATS2 (2016–17).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It has been shown that the higher the level of material deprivation, the lesser the relative reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use. The relative reduction in tobacco use was more for higher levels of educational attainment. It has been found that relative reduction is more for smoking products as compared to smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. Khaini and Bidis are emerging as popular products, which are least regulated by existing tobacco control policies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use from GATS1 to GATS2 is inequitous across levels of material deprivation and levels of educational attainment by individuals. Also, there is a tendency for product substitution among tobacco users.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/3f/main.PMC10297741.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient negligence in healthcare systems: Accountability model formulation","authors":"Tarek Moukalled,&nbsp;Ali Elhaj","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Being an element of healthcare malpractice, negligence resides as a threat to patient safety, a source of distress to healthcare providers, an economic burden, and an impediment to healthcare improvement. During an age where compliance becomes a necessity, accountability realization remains a hindrance facing the resolution of patient negligence cases. This manuscript intends to create a standardized and well-structured accountability model that tackles patient negligence in healthcare systems. A random sample of 41 hospitals (33 private and 8 public) – representing more than 25% of hospitals in Lebanon – was selected for participation in interviews discussing compliance and accountability against patient negligence in healthcare. Of the selected 41 hospitals, 21 interviews were approved and conducted with hospitals representatives (16 private and 5 public) covering around 13% of hospitals in Lebanon. The formulated model represents an unbiased approach in pinpointing accountability against patient negligence through choosing a suitable resolution system, deciding on sanctions, and determining compensations. Further testing of the model is recommended for verification of its applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crippling SARS-CoV-2 vaccine supply crunch, vaccination target and scope in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Samiul Islam ,&nbsp;Sultana Parvin ,&nbsp;Md Bahauddin Al Mamun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/7e/main.PMC8496918.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39537838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-communicable chronic diseases: Mortality of older adult citizens in Brazil and Italy before the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Vicente Paulo Alves ,&nbsp;Regina Célia de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Dario Gregori","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to outline the main non-communicable chronic diseases that led older people to death in Brazil and Italy before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic according to age gaps and region of residence. This study has identified that the highest mortality rate among Brazilian and Italian women took place in lower-income areas, potentially due to insufficient public policies to increase income and improve health, which would in turn reduce the risk of chronic diseases and increase life expectancy. Men showed higher mortality rates in different regions, and tended to die earlier. Our results highlight socioeconomic differences in the areas with the highest death rates due to non-communicable chronic diseases, emphasizing the relevance of public policies to meet the needs of the overall population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on “Drivers of health in sub-Saharan Africa”. A dynamic panel analysis","authors":"Mwoya Byaro","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too stringent or too Lenient: Antecedents and consequences of perceived stringency of COVID-19 policies in the United States","authors":"Sanguk Lee,&nbsp;Tai-Quan Peng,&nbsp;Maria Knight Lapinski,&nbsp;Monique Mitchell Turner,&nbsp;Youjin Jang,&nbsp;Andrea Schaaf","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the United States, federal and local governments have attempted to contain the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by implementing a variety of policies such as stay-at-home orders and mask mandates. Perceptions can influence behaviors; therefore, it is important to understand how people perceive the stringency of COVID-19 policies, what factors shape perceived policy stringency, and whether and how policy perceptions impact the practice of prevention behaviors. With rolling-cross sectional survey data collected in the US from June to October 2020 and other external sources of data, the study examines the impact of objective risk of the pandemic, information seeking, and political ideology at the individual and the state levels on perceived policy stringency, and the impact of perceived policy stringency on prevention behaviors such as mask wearing and social distancing. The findings reveal that objective risk and political ideology are significantly associated with perceived policy stringency. The perceived policy stringency has negative associations with prevention behaviors. The findings provide important implications for the development process of compulsory public health policies during the pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term care (LTC) policy in Thailand on the homebound and bedridden elderly happiness","authors":"Savinee Suriyanrattakorn ,&nbsp;Chia-Lin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The number of homebound and bedridden elderly has been increasing in Thailand, as the aging population rapidly grows and rates of chronic diseases increase. However, decreasing family size may reflect a decline in the ability of families to provide care. Society, as a result, enhances the need for long-term care (LTC) policy to provide home care and social support for the homebound and bedridden elderly. This paper examines how care-receipt satisfaction in LTC impacts the homebound and bedridden elderly's overall happiness, using a two-year panel of 279 individuals from the Thai Health Promotion Foundation dataset. We use the pooled two-stage least square (Pooled-2SLS) model and random effect two-stage least square (RE-2SLS) model to control the endogeneity problem. The empirical results show that care-receipt satisfaction on LTC service can generate a positive impact on the overall happiness of the homebound and bedridden elderly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of document analysis in health policy analysis studies in low and middle-income countries: Lessons for HPA researchers from a qualitative systematic review","authors":"Naomi Karen Kayesa,&nbsp;Maylene Shung-King","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Document analysis is commonly used in health policy analysis (HPA) studies, but the purpose and rigour of application is unclear. This review explored the application and utility of document analysis in HPA studies conducted in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), intending to derive lessons for strengthening this methodology.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Employing a qualitative systematic review approach, nine electronic databases were searched for LMIC HPA articles that employed document analysis. Articles were subjected to systematic retrieval, storage and quality-assessment. Thematic analysis was used in coding, extraction and analysis of data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only 28 studies had sufficiently detailed document analyses and met the inclusion criteria. Document analyses were mainly complimentary to primary data collection forms. The majority, barring four studies, lacked clear purpose and utility in answering the research questions, and rigour in methodology and the reporting thereof. The approach to document analyses bore no relationship to the policy phase investigated. Challenges in accessing documents contributed to methodological difficulties.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Well-executed document analysis has potential to strengthen HPA studies. Health Policy researcher skill in applying this methodology needs strengthening and could be improved by: purposive alignment of the method to research questions; rigorously applying and reporting on search strategy with rigour; source, organize and store documents systematically; apply robust data coding and analysis; and clearly linking document contribution to study findings and conclusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-based contracting for high-need Medicaid beneficiaries: The Arkansas PASSE program","authors":"Adrienne Nevola ,&nbsp;Michael E. Morris ,&nbsp;Carrie Colla ,&nbsp;J.Mick Tilford","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high cost of health care for people with behavioral health (BH) conditions or intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States led one state to implement the Provider-led Arkansas Shared Savings Entity (PASSE) program. PASSE is a managed care model that puts provider-led organizations at risk for the highest need people with BH conditions or IDD in Medicaid, a public health insurance program for low-income residents. Drawing on key informant interviews and payment models across the United States, we describe the PASSE program, how it compares with state Medicaid programs for similar populations, and prospects for the program. Key informants cited several PASSE features as promising mechanisms to improve beneficiary outcomes: expanded care coordination, service flexibility, incentives for community investments, accountability for cost and quality across physical health, behavioral health, and long-term care, quality target accountability, fostered competition, and provider ownership. Informants worry that PASSE features will be insufficient to catalyze changes in provider behavior. Efforts may be targeted to control costs primarily through service reductions with uncertain effects on quality of care. PASSE hinges on improved care coordination and increased efforts to address social determinants of health. Success or failure in these areas will likely determine whether PASSE leads to improved outcomes for two of the most costly and vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}