Health Policy Open最新文献

{"title":"Cross-border healthcare: A review and applicability to North America during COVID-19","authors":"Lyndsay T. Glass,&nbsp;Christopher M. Schlachta,&nbsp;Jeff D. Hawel,&nbsp;Ahmad I. Elnahas,&nbsp;Nawar A. Alkhamesi","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-border healthcare is an international agreement for the provision of out of country healthcare for citizens of partnered countries. The European Union (EU) has established itself as a world leader in cross-border healthcare. During the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the EU used this system to maximize utilization of resources. Countries with capacity accepted critically ill patients from overwhelmed nations, borders remained open to healthcare workers and those seeking medical care in an effort to share the burden of this pandemic. Significant research into the challenges and successes of cross-border healthcare was completed prior to COVID-19, which demonstrated significant benefit for patients.</p><p>In North America, the response to the COVID-19 crisis has been more isolationist. The Canada-United States border has been closed and bans placed on healthcare workers crossing the border for work. Prior to COVID-19, cross-border healthcare was rare in North America despite its need. We reviewed the literature surrounding cross-border healthcare in the EU, as well as the need for a similar system in North America. We found the EU cross-border healthcare agreements are generally mutually beneficial for participating countries. The North American literature suggested a cross-border healthcare system is feasible. A number of challenges could be identified based on the EU experience. A prior agreement may have been beneficial during the COVID-19 crisis as many Canadian healthcare institutions-maintained capacity to accept critically ill patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/33/main.PMC8744400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of salary and intention to stay with the job satisfaction of the dietitians in Jordan: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Nour A. Elsahoryi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Alathamneh ,&nbsp;Iman Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Fwziah Hammad","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This cross-sectional study aimed to determine job satisfaction among the Jordanian dietitians, the factors associated with job satisfaction, and the relationship between job satisfaction and intent to stay. A convenience sample of 600 dieticians performed a self-reported online survey. Most of the participants were females (83.2%), &lt;30 years of age (68.3%) with a BSc degree in nutrition (77.3%). Results revealed that 20% of the dietitians were dissatisfied at work, 69.8% were neither dissatisfied nor satisfied, and 10.2% were satisfied. The satisfaction for the total score in all examined domains was neither dissatisfaction nor satisfaction, except for the salary. Participants with higher monthly salaries were 1.53 more likely to have higher job satisfaction than those with lower monthly salaries (CI 95%, (0.503–2.55)). Intention to stay was positively correlated with the total job satisfaction and all domains except the knowledge and skills domain (p-value = 0.22). The main aspect that needs to be addressed and re-evaluated is to improve dietitians job satisfaction is the salary. The findings of this study point to improving dietitians' work status to attain the best possible health care achievements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/eb/main.PMC10297505.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: Updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations","authors":"Don Husereau ,&nbsp;Michael Drummond ,&nbsp;Federico Augustovski ,&nbsp;Esther de Bekker-Grob ,&nbsp;Andrew H Briggs ,&nbsp;Chris Carswell ,&nbsp;Lisa Caulley ,&nbsp;Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk ,&nbsp;Dan Greenberg ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Loder ,&nbsp;Josephine Mauskopf ,&nbsp;C Daniel Mullins ,&nbsp;Stavros Petrou ,&nbsp;Raoh-Fang Pwu ,&nbsp;Sophie Staniszewska ,&nbsp;on behalf of CHEERS 2022 ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer reviewed journals as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of performance based financing on facility autonomy and accountability: Evidence from Zambia","authors":"Chitalu Miriam Chama-Chiliba ,&nbsp;Peter Hangoma ,&nbsp;Collins Chansa ,&nbsp;Mulenga Chonzi Mulenga","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several low and lower- middle income countries have been using Performance-Based Financing (PBF) to motivate health workers to increase the quantity and quality of health services. Studies have demonstrated that PBF can contribute to improved health service delivery and health outcomes, but there is limited evidence on the mechanisms through which PBF can necessitate changes in the health system. Using difference-in-difference and synthetic control analytical approaches, we investigated the effect of PBF on autonomy and accountability at service delivery level using data from a 3-arm cluster randomised trial in Zambia. The arms consisted of PBF where financing is linked to outputs in terms of quality and quantity (intervention 1), input financing where funding is fully provided to finance all required inputs regardless of performance (intervention 2), and the current standard of care where there is input financing but with possible challenges in funding (pure control). The results show an increase in autonomy at PBF sites compared to sites in the pure control arm and an increase in accountability at PBF sites compared to sites in both the input-financing and pure control arms. On the other hand, there were no effects on autonomy and accountability in the input-financing sites compared to the pure control sites. The study concludes that PBF can improve financial and managerial autonomy and accountability, which are important for improving health service delivery. However, within the PBF districts, the magnitude of change was different, implying that management and leadership styles matter. Future research could examine whether personal attributes, managerial capacities of the facility managers, and the operating environment have an effect on autonomy and accountability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/86/main.PMC10297809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between obesity-related legislation in the United States and adolescents’ weight","authors":"Annita Kobes,&nbsp;Tina Kretschmer,&nbsp;Margaretha C. Timmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective obesity prevention requires intervening at all levels of society, including the governmental level. Policy interventions at the governmental level are especially promising as they tend to involve minimal individual effort while, at the same time, reach many people. The amount of state-level obesity-related legislation in the United States has increased over the years, and several laws were installed in contexts that reach young people, such as schools. Given this increase in state-level obesity-related legislation targeting youth, we tested whether the quantity of obesity-related legislation in U.S. states was associated with adolescent BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence. Linear and multilevel analyses showed that the quantity of physical activity-related legislation was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence yet with very modest effect size (<em>b</em> = -0.002, <em>p</em> = .042). Our results underline the likely importance of obesity-related legislation. In addition, the value of examining both BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence when evaluating interventions is demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and difficulties faced in low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19","authors":"Md. Moyazzem Hossain ,&nbsp;Faruq Abdulla ,&nbsp;Azizur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has created a severe threat to global human health. We are extremely lucky because within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists developed a number of vaccines against COVID-19. In this paper, the authors discuss the difficulties and challenges faced in different low-and middle-income countries due to the ongoing pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><p>This research is primarily based on secondary data and existing literature reviews. The authors use maps and graphical representations to show information about vaccination coverage.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The lacking vaccination coverage and insufficient supply of oxygen tanks in hospitals of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) raise the likelihood of death of the critical COVID-19 patients. Developed countries vaccinate their citizens more quickly than LMICs. In comparison to wealthy countries, LMICs usually lack the resources and capacity to obtain the required vaccination doses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is frequently observed that hospitals in low- and middle-income nations with a dearth of oxygen tanks result in increased suffering and mortality. To avoid a worldwide disaster, LMICs urgently require COVID-19 vaccinations since viruses have no borders, and no one is safe until every one is protected in our interconnected world. Therefore, more national and international collaborative supports are urgently necessary for LMICs in this regard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/51/main.PMC9642028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel hospital payment system – Big data diagnosis & intervention Packet","authors":"Hua Xie ,&nbsp;Xin Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Ying ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Hu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Xuan ,&nbsp;Su Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diagnosis related group (DRG) was the most commonly used prospective hospital payment platform in developed countries. One of the major limitations of the DRG system is that the DRG grouping is not sufficiently homogeneous in benchmarking underlying resource needs. We developed a novel hospital payment and management system called Big Data Diagnosis &amp; Intervention Packet (BD-DIP) by applying the similar case mix index (CMI) principles but the grouping is based on unique combination of ICD-10 and ICD-9 v3 codes. The initial prototype of BD-DIP was developed using hospital discharge records in Shanghai and then piloted in Guangzhou, China. The average coefficient of variation of the DB-DIP is about one-third smaller than the US DRG system. Results from the pilot evaluation showed that introduction of the BD-DIP lead to about 5% hospital budget savings and notable improvement in hospital care efficiency, including increased institutional CMI, lower admission rates, smaller variation in hospital charges, and lower patient cost-sharing burdens. The implementation of hospital monitoring tools resulted in identification of potential irregular practices to enable further auditing and investigation. The BD-DIP platform has a number of advantages over DRG-based payment models in terms of more homogeneous resource utilization within groups, design simplicity, dynamic in grouping, and reimbursement value in reflecting real-world treatment pathways and costs, and easy to implement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/38/main.PMC10297787.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana","authors":"Ayomide Oluwaseyi Oladosu ,&nbsp;Timothy Chanimbe ,&nbsp;Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the prevailing literature examining the effect public health expenditure has on health outcomes in Africa, Malaria and HIV/AIDS mortality which are key indicators of the outcome variable were unconsidered when drawing inferences. In view of this oversight, we investigate the impact of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana whilst reconceptualizing health outcome by capturing infant, maternal, Malaria and HIV/AIDS mortality. Using the health expenditure commitment at the 1999 United Nations General Assembly and the Abuja Declaration of 2000, we also assessed public policy’s role in this relationship via linear regression analysis. With hindsight, our findings disclosed a low public health expenditure in both countries despite the Ghanaian case revealing a negative relationship, which was primarily insignificant whilst Nigeria indicated a positive one. These empirical evidences accentuate the need to augment public health expenditure in both countries to boost health outcomes whilst bringing to bear the significant influence of GDP, school enrolment and residing in urban areas on health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/b9/main.PMC10297781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefits of more government interference in prescription drug pricing","authors":"Ryan S. Houser","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State versus federal health insurance marketplaces: A bigger deal for Medicaid and a smaller deal for the individual mandate","authors":"Sabrina Terrizzi ,&nbsp;A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz ,&nbsp;Michele Moser Deegan","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>States retain significant power over key components of Affordable Care Act implementation. Using data from the US Census from 2010 to 2018, we examine how states’ decisions to either establish state-run marketplaces or to default to the federal marketplace influenced the distribution of health insurance types within states. We find, somewhat counterintuitively, that state-based marketplaces are associated with greater change in enrollment for Medicaid compared to the federal marketplace. These findings confirm that, at least until 2018, the most significant increases in insurance coverage resulting from the ACA were in public insurance, rather than private insurance. We explore a number of possible explanations to help explain these findings, raising important questions about the efficacy of the individual mandate (a key mechanism in legislative efforts to reduce the numbers of uninsured), the related administrative burdens associated with state and federal marketplaces, and, equally as important, differential access to Medicaid entitlements among citizens living in different states—access that hinges not only or always on Medicaid expansion, but also and perhaps more importantly, on policy decisions about insurance marketplaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/4b/main.PMC10297752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}