Health Policy Open最新文献_第6页

The association between obesity-related legislation in the United States and adolescents’ weight 美国与肥胖有关的立法与青少年体重之间的关系

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100056

Annita Kobes, Tina Kretschmer, Margaretha C. Timmerman

{"title":"The association between obesity-related legislation in the United States and adolescents’ weight","authors":"Annita Kobes, Tina Kretschmer, Margaretha C. Timmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective obesity prevention requires intervening at all levels of society, including the governmental level. Policy interventions at the governmental level are especially promising as they tend to involve minimal individual effort while, at the same time, reach many people. The amount of state-level obesity-related legislation in the United States has increased over the years, and several laws were installed in contexts that reach young people, such as schools. Given this increase in state-level obesity-related legislation targeting youth, we tested whether the quantity of obesity-related legislation in U.S. states was associated with adolescent BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence. Linear and multilevel analyses showed that the quantity of physical activity-related legislation was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence yet with very modest effect size (<em>b</em> = -0.002, <em>p</em> = .042). Our results underline the likely importance of obesity-related legislation. In addition, the value of examining both BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence when evaluating interventions is demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Challenges and difficulties faced in low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19 中低收入国家在2019冠状病毒病期间面临的挑战和困难

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100082

Md. Moyazzem Hossain , Faruq Abdulla , Azizur Rahman

{"title":"Challenges and difficulties faced in low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19","authors":"Md. Moyazzem Hossain , Faruq Abdulla , Azizur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has created a severe threat to global human health. We are extremely lucky because within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists developed a number of vaccines against COVID-19. In this paper, the authors discuss the difficulties and challenges faced in different low-and middle-income countries due to the ongoing pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><p>This research is primarily based on secondary data and existing literature reviews. The authors use maps and graphical representations to show information about vaccination coverage.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The lacking vaccination coverage and insufficient supply of oxygen tanks in hospitals of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) raise the likelihood of death of the critical COVID-19 patients. Developed countries vaccinate their citizens more quickly than LMICs. In comparison to wealthy countries, LMICs usually lack the resources and capacity to obtain the required vaccination doses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is frequently observed that hospitals in low- and middle-income nations with a dearth of oxygen tanks result in increased suffering and mortality. To avoid a worldwide disaster, LMICs urgently require COVID-19 vaccinations since viruses have no borders, and no one is safe until every one is protected in our interconnected world. Therefore, more national and international collaborative supports are urgently necessary for LMICs in this regard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/51/main.PMC9642028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Development of a novel hospital payment system – Big data diagnosis & intervention Packet 新型医院支付系统——大数据诊断干预包的开发

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100066

Hua Xie , Xin Cui , Xiaohua Ying , Xiaohan Hu , Jianwei Xuan , Su Xu

{"title":"Development of a novel hospital payment system – Big data diagnosis & intervention Packet","authors":"Hua Xie , Xin Cui , Xiaohua Ying , Xiaohan Hu , Jianwei Xuan , Su Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diagnosis related group (DRG) was the most commonly used prospective hospital payment platform in developed countries. One of the major limitations of the DRG system is that the DRG grouping is not sufficiently homogeneous in benchmarking underlying resource needs. We developed a novel hospital payment and management system called Big Data Diagnosis & Intervention Packet (BD-DIP) by applying the similar case mix index (CMI) principles but the grouping is based on unique combination of ICD-10 and ICD-9 v3 codes. The initial prototype of BD-DIP was developed using hospital discharge records in Shanghai and then piloted in Guangzhou, China. The average coefficient of variation of the DB-DIP is about one-third smaller than the US DRG system. Results from the pilot evaluation showed that introduction of the BD-DIP lead to about 5% hospital budget savings and notable improvement in hospital care efficiency, including increased institutional CMI, lower admission rates, smaller variation in hospital charges, and lower patient cost-sharing burdens. The implementation of hospital monitoring tools resulted in identification of potential irregular practices to enable further auditing and investigation. The BD-DIP platform has a number of advantages over DRG-based payment models in terms of more homogeneous resource utilization within groups, design simplicity, dynamic in grouping, and reimbursement value in reflecting real-world treatment pathways and costs, and easy to implement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/38/main.PMC10297787.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana 尼日利亚和加纳公共卫生支出对健康结果的影响

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100072

Ayomide Oluwaseyi Oladosu , Timothy Chanimbe , Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka

{"title":"Effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana","authors":"Ayomide Oluwaseyi Oladosu , Timothy Chanimbe , Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the prevailing literature examining the effect public health expenditure has on health outcomes in Africa, Malaria and HIV/AIDS mortality which are key indicators of the outcome variable were unconsidered when drawing inferences. In view of this oversight, we investigate the impact of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana whilst reconceptualizing health outcome by capturing infant, maternal, Malaria and HIV/AIDS mortality. Using the health expenditure commitment at the 1999 United Nations General Assembly and the Abuja Declaration of 2000, we also assessed public policy’s role in this relationship via linear regression analysis. With hindsight, our findings disclosed a low public health expenditure in both countries despite the Ghanaian case revealing a negative relationship, which was primarily insignificant whilst Nigeria indicated a positive one. These empirical evidences accentuate the need to augment public health expenditure in both countries to boost health outcomes whilst bringing to bear the significant influence of GDP, school enrolment and residing in urban areas on health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/b9/main.PMC10297781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The benefits of more government interference in prescription drug pricing 政府更多干预处方药定价的好处

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100071

Ryan S. Houser

引用次数: 0

State versus federal health insurance marketplaces: A bigger deal for Medicaid and a smaller deal for the individual mandate 州与联邦医疗保险市场:医疗补助大了，个人强制医保小了

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100059

Sabrina Terrizzi , A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz , Michele Moser Deegan

{"title":"State versus federal health insurance marketplaces: A bigger deal for Medicaid and a smaller deal for the individual mandate","authors":"Sabrina Terrizzi , A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz , Michele Moser Deegan","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>States retain significant power over key components of Affordable Care Act implementation. Using data from the US Census from 2010 to 2018, we examine how states’ decisions to either establish state-run marketplaces or to default to the federal marketplace influenced the distribution of health insurance types within states. We find, somewhat counterintuitively, that state-based marketplaces are associated with greater change in enrollment for Medicaid compared to the federal marketplace. These findings confirm that, at least until 2018, the most significant increases in insurance coverage resulting from the ACA were in public insurance, rather than private insurance. We explore a number of possible explanations to help explain these findings, raising important questions about the efficacy of the individual mandate (a key mechanism in legislative efforts to reduce the numbers of uninsured), the related administrative burdens associated with state and federal marketplaces, and, equally as important, differential access to Medicaid entitlements among citizens living in different states—access that hinges not only or always on Medicaid expansion, but also and perhaps more importantly, on policy decisions about insurance marketplaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/4b/main.PMC10297752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the frontline health workforce: Perceptions of vulnerability of Brazil’s community health workers 2019冠状病毒病大流行对一线卫生工作者的影响:对巴西社区卫生工作者脆弱性的认识

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100065

Gabriela Lotta , João Nunes , Michelle Fernandez , Marcela Garcia Correa

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the frontline health workforce: Perceptions of vulnerability of Brazil’s community health workers","authors":"Gabriela Lotta , João Nunes , Michelle Fernandez , Marcela Garcia Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in calls for an increased integration of community health workers (CHWs) into the health system response. Historically, CHWs can play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of health policy implementation – by addressing social determinants of health and maintaining care for ongoing health problems. Their frontline work, with close contact to populations, places CHWs in a position of increased vulnerability to becoming infected and to being the target of abuse and violence. These vulnerabilities compound underlying problems faced by CHWs, who often come from poor backgrounds, are insufficiently paid and receive inadequate training. Speaking to a scarcity of studies on how CHWs are impacted by the pandemic, this paper conducts a systematic study of CHWs in Brazil. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected during June and July 2020, it considers perceptions and experiences of CHWs, comparing them with other health professionals. We study the extent to which the pandemic added to existing vulnerabilities and created new problems and imbalances in the work of CHWs. We conclude that COVID-19 led to a deterioration of the working conditions of CHWs, of their relations with other health professionals, and of their ability to carry out their essential work in the public health system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/7e/main.PMC8752101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Perception and determinants of Social Networking Sites (SNS) on spreading awareness and panic during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh 社交网站(SNS)在孟加拉国COVID-19大流行期间传播意识和恐慌的感知和决定因素

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100075

Mohammad Omar Faruk , Popy Devnath , Sanchita Kar , Eshiika Afsana Eshaa , Hakka Naziat

{"title":"Perception and determinants of Social Networking Sites (SNS) on spreading awareness and panic during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Omar Faruk , Popy Devnath , Sanchita Kar , Eshiika Afsana Eshaa , Hakka Naziat","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and unique fallout worldwide and creates colossal disruption in human survival. During the pandemic, social networking sites (SNS) played a significant role in disseminating news related to the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This research is based on primary data collected from 400 successful respondents via online Google Form. Bivariate Pearson's Chi-square and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the impact of the explanatory variables on the study variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study reveals that most respondents (n = 360, 90 %) use SNS to get up-to-date news, and 72.5 % (n = 290) read health-related information. The highest number of participants (n = 386, 96.5 %) were Facebook users. Multivariate binary logistic regression reveals that “reading news on SNS” and “sharing information related to COVID-19 on social media” significantly influence the spread of awareness of COVID-19. “Unauthentic news sources” and “stop using social media to stay away from panic” also have a substantial impact on the spread of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>SNS has become an inevitable medium of information carrier nowadays. Social media users are found significantly aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study might assist the concerned persons in taking the necessary steps to propagate authentic news and regulate appropriate policies to prevent spreading misinformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/0a/main.PMC9330577.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10799119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Learning from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparing policy responses in Uruguay with 10 other Latin American and Caribbean countries 从第一波COVID-19大流行中吸取教训:乌拉圭与其他10个拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的政策应对措施比较

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100081

Victoria Haldane , Mariana Morales-Vazquez , Margaret Jamieson , Jeremy Veillard , Gregory P. Marchildon , Sara Allin

{"title":"Learning from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparing policy responses in Uruguay with 10 other Latin American and Caribbean countries","authors":"Victoria Haldane , Mariana Morales-Vazquez , Margaret Jamieson , Jeremy Veillard , Gregory P. Marchildon , Sara Allin","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A range of public health and social measures have been employed in response to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Yet, pandemic responses have varied across the region, particularly during the first 6 months of the pandemic, with Uruguay effectively limiting transmission during this crucial phase. This review describes features of pandemic responses which may have contributed to Uruguay’s early success relative to 10 other LAC countries - Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, and Trinidad and Tobago. Uruguay differentiated its early response efforts from reviewed countries by foregoing strict border closures and restrictions on movement, and rapidly implementing a suite of economic and social measures. Our findings describe the importance of supporting adherence to public health interventions by ensuring that effective social and economic safety net measures are in place to permit compliance with public health measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/11/8d/main.PMC9661545.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The value of lost output and cost of illness of noncommunicable diseases in the Pacific 太平洋地区产出损失的价值和非传染性疾病的费用

Health Policy Open Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100073

Xiaohui Hou , Ian Anderson , Ethan-John Burton-Mckenzie

{"title":"The value of lost output and cost of illness of noncommunicable diseases in the Pacific","authors":"Xiaohui Hou , Ian Anderson , Ethan-John Burton-Mckenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>The Pacific Island Countries face some of the highest rates of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). This study estimates the economic costs of NCDs for each year from 2015 to 2040, focusing on eleven Pacific Island nations.</p><p>Data and Methods:</p><p>Two methods were used to estimate the mortality and morbidity costs using a ‘value of lost output’ and ‘cost of illness’ approach respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five results stand out in terms of projected economic costs of NCD mortality and morbidity analyses in the Pacific: (i) The economic burden of NCDs in the Pacific is greater than expected for middle-income countries; (ii) Although cardiovascular disease is the biggest contributor to the mortality burden in the region, diabetes plays a far greater role in the Pacific countries compared to the global average; (iii) The economic burden of NCDs is increasing with time, especially as incomes rise; (iv)The biggest driver of lost output is the potential loss of labor due to early death from NCDs; and (v) The cost of illness due to diabetes is high across the Pacific countries, with highest among the Polynesian countries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NCDs alone can put enormous threat to the small Pacific economies. Targeted interventions to reduce disease prevalence, as outlined in the Pacific NCDs Roadmap, are vital to reduce the long-term costs associated with NCD mortality and morbidity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/8e/main.PMC10297817.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3