Health Policy Open最新文献

{"title":"Subnational variations in electricity access and infant mortality: Evidence from Ghana","authors":"Mikidadu Mohammed ,&nbsp;Mathias Akuoko","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The study investigated the relationship between electricity access and infant mortality at the subnational level in Ghana, controlling for correlates such as birth interval, children living with both parents, women’s education, and income distribution.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study employed a pooled cross-section regression approach using data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) for 10 administrative regions from 1993 to 2014. The GDHS is a detailed data set that provides comprehensive information on households and their socio-economic and demographic characteristics in Ghana.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that in regions with low incidence of infant mortality, a 10% improvement in electricity access reduces infant death by 11.8 per 1,000 live births, whereas in high mortality regions, improvement in electricity access has no impact on infant death. Birth interval reduces the risk of infant death in low mortality regions but not in high mortality regions. Children living with both parents have a high probability of survivorship in high mortality regions. Women’s median years of education lowers the likelihood of infant death in high mortality regions but increases the likelihood in low mortality regions. Wealth distribution is inconsequential for infant death in low mortality regions, but in high mortality regions, both the wealthiest and the poorest experienced significant decline in infant death.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings underscore the fruitfulness of investigating the effects of electricity access and other correlates on infant mortality at the subnational level. The study recommends that the provision of reliable access to electricity is needed to improve infant mortality rates. However, policies that seek to improve access to reliable electricity should be implemented together with health infrastructure development policies, especially in the regions with high infant mortality rates, for electricity access to have the desired effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicians’ perceptions of generic drugs in China","authors":"Jia-Hui He ,&nbsp;De-Wei Shang ,&nbsp;Zhan-Zhang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Fang Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Guan Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In recent years, there has been a significant worldwide increase in the use of generic drugs. China has committed to a consistency evaluation of generic drugs, with the aim to improve the rate of substitution. However, there is little research on physicians’ perceptions of generic drugs in China.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aimed to explore the perceptions of physicians in China toward generic drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Perceptions of Chinese physicians towards generic drugs were evaluated by a cross-sectional study from June to July 2020. The online survey tool Sojump was adopted to distribute the questionnaires using convenience sampling. A total of 598 questionnaires were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Perceptions of Chinese physicians towards generic drugs are generally positive. However, not all physicians appear to have sufficient knowledge about generic drugs and some of them expressed negative perceptions of generic drugs, such as perceiving generic drugs as less effective and more likely to cause side effects compared to brand-name drugs. There were significant differences in physicians’ opinions about generic drugs according to age group, years in practice, educational background, clinical specialty and residential area.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is imperative to provide physicians with more extensive education about the consistency evaluation of generic drugs to meet the policy goal of reducing overall national medical healthcare costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/c2/main.PMC10297729.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the strategies for upgrading the rural unqualified health practitioners in West Bengal, India: A knowledge, attitude and practices assessment-based approach","authors":"Dhiman Debsarma","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Rural Unqualified Health Practitioners (RUHPs) are more common in the village health system in India and other developing countries. They only provides primary care to patients with diarrhea, cough, malaria, dengue, ARI/pneumonia, skin diseases, etc. As they are unqualified so their quality of health practices is substandard and inappropriate to practices.</p></div><div><h3>Objective and contribution</h3><p>The intention of this work was to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of diseases among RUHPs and proposing a blueprint of potential intervention strategies for improving their knowledge and practice.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The study has used a cross-sectional primary data and adopted quantitative approach. For assessment purpose, a composite KAP Score was constructed for two diseases (malaria and dengue).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study observed that the KAP Score amongst the RUHPs are on average (about 50%) in most of the individual variables and composite scores for malaria and dengue in West Bengal, India. Their KAP score increased with age, level of education, working experiences, type of practitioners, using android mobile, work satisfaction, organization membership, attending RMP/Government workshop, heard WHO/IMC treatment protocol.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study suggested multistage interventions includes targeting young practitioners, allopathic and homeopathic quack, launching ubiquitous app-based medical-learning, and government-sponsored workshop should be significant interventions to improve the level of knowledge, change positive attitudes, and adhere to standard health practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/ca/main.PMC10297518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential licensing reforms in light of COVID-19","authors":"Edward Timmons ,&nbsp;Conor Norris","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2020, COVID-19 threatened to overwhelm healthcare capacity, forcing policymakers to enact temporary waivers of licensing restrictions. Research finds that occupational licensing reduces the supply of professionals in a regulated field, and reduces geographic mobility, contributing to the primary care professional shortage. Scope of practice laws reduce the flexibility of practitioners, exacerbating these shortages. Given the fact that policymakers and healthcare professionals recognized the shortcomings to our current licensing regime during the COVID-19 pandemic, we should consider alternatives that still ensure quality care for patients without restricting access and reducing flexibility. We rank six alternatives currently being considered to address the primary care shortage from most to least effective. While efforts to expand the supply of physicians or NPs and PAs would be the most effective reforms to expand access to primary care, others that better utilize our existing supply of healthcare professionals are worth considering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/e6/main.PMC8654457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10490857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priority setting for pandemic preparedness and response: A comparative analysis of COVID-19 pandemic plans in 12 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region","authors":"S.Donya Razavi ,&nbsp;Mariam Noorulhuda ,&nbsp;C. Marcela Velez ,&nbsp;Lydia Kapiriri ,&nbsp;Bernardo Aguilera Dreyse ,&nbsp;Marion Danis ,&nbsp;Beverly Essue ,&nbsp;Susan D. Goold ,&nbsp;Elysée Nouvet ,&nbsp;Iestyn Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted health systems and exacerbated pre-existing resource gaps in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMRO). Active humanitarian and refugee crises have led to mass population displacement and increased health system fragility, which has implication for equitable priority setting (PS). We examine whether and how PS was included in national COVID-19 pandemic plans within EMRO.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An analysis of COVID-19 pandemic response and preparedness planning documents from a sample of 12/22 countries in WHO-EMRO. We assessed the degree to which documented PS processes adhere to twenty established quality parameters of effective PS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While all reviewed plans addressed some aspect of PS, none included all quality parameters. Yemen’s plan included the highest number (9) of quality parameters, while Egypt’s addressed the lowest (3). Most plans used evidence in their planning processes. While no plans explicitly identify equity as a criterion to guide PS; many identified vulnerable populations - a key component of equitable PS. Despite high concentrations of refugees, migrants, and IDPs in EMRO, only a quarter of the plans identified them as vulnerable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PS setting challenges are exacerbated by conflict and the resulting health system fragmentation. Systematic and quality PS is essential to tackle long-term health implications of COVID-19 for vulnerable populations in this region, and to support effective PS and equitable resource allocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/58/main.PMC9673227.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness and ability to pay for health insurance in Afghanistan","authors":"Ajmal Behzad ,&nbsp;Irit Sinai ,&nbsp;Omarizaman Sayedi ,&nbsp;Karim Alawi ,&nbsp;Farhad Farewar ,&nbsp;Wu Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study assessed willingness to join and willingness to pay for health-insurance in Afghanistan and identified associated determinants. A household survey was conducted. Two health-insurance and two medicine-insurance packages were explained to respondents, who were then asked if they would be willing to join the packages and pay for them. The double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method was used to elicit the maximum amount respondents would be willing to pay for the various benefit packages. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine determinants of willingness to join and willingness to pay. Most respondents had never heard of health insurance. And yet, when they were told about it, the vast majority of respondents said they would be willing to join one of the four benefit packages and pay for them, ranging from 70.7% for a medicine-only package that included only essential medicines, to 92.4% for a health-insurance package that would cover only primary and secondary care. The average willingness to pay cost was 1,236 (US$21.3), 1,512 (US$26.0), 778 (US$13.4) and 430 (US$7.4) Afghani per person, per year for the primary and secondary; comprehensive primary, secondary and some tertiary; all medicine; and essential medicine packages; respectively. Key determinants of willingness to join, and to pay were similar, including the provinces where respondents were located, wealth status, health expenditures and some demographic characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/4b/main.PMC10297770.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The disparate impact of age-based COVID-19 vaccine prioritization by race/ethnicity in Denver, Colorado","authors":"Kaylynn Aiona ,&nbsp;Emily Bacon ,&nbsp;Laura J. Podewils ,&nbsp;Michelle K. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 vaccines are an effective tool in preventing severe disease. Most states used an age-based prioritization for vaccine rollout. We examined the impact of a primarily age-based prioritization policy on reductions of severe disease in different racial and ethnic groups. We calculated age-specific rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity in Denver, Colorado. To assess potentially averted hospitalizations and deaths by race/ethnicity, we then applied the first three phases of Colorado’s primarily age-based vaccine rollout criteria to historical 2020 COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Denver, Colorado. In the first 3 phases, 40% (1403/3473) of hospitalizations and 83% (503/604) of deaths occurred among those meeting age and long-term care facility criteria and could have been averted. Impacts varied by race/ethnicity with only 28% (440/1587) of hospitalizations and 74% (131/178) of deaths averted among Hispanic or Latino residents, compared to 57% (619/1094) of hospitalizations and 92% (252/274) of deaths among non-Hispanic White residents. We demonstrate using local data and policy that early age-based prioritization decisions disproportionately promoted reductions in severe disease among non-Hispanic White residents irrespective of COVID-19 risk in Denver, Colorado. These findings suggest that more equitable future vaccine prioritization policies, which lead with a goal of reducing health disparities through prioritizing susceptibility to adverse health outcomes rather than overall population-based cutoffs, are necessary. Our results have implications for future vaccination rollouts in limited vaccine resource conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/35/main.PMC9306219.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality disparity in terms of clients’ satisfaction with selected exempted health care services provided in Ethiopia: Meta-analysis","authors":"Wodaje Gietaneh ,&nbsp;Atsede Alle ,&nbsp;Muluneh Alene ,&nbsp;Moges Agazhe Assemie ,&nbsp;Muluye Molla Simieneh ,&nbsp;Molla Yigzaw Birhanu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In Ethiopia; even though utilization of health care services has been improved after the introduction of user fee exemption, little is known about the quality of the services. There are fragmented studies on the output dimension of quality of health care services particularly on clients’ satisfaction. Therefore this study aims to assess overall quality (in terms of clients’ satisfaction) and its disparity among users of selected exempted health care services provided in Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to undertake this study. Both published and unpublished articles conducted in Ethiopia on the quality of health care services in terms of clients’ satisfaction dimensions were searched. A total of 750 articles were retrieved through international databases (Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library) and national digital library repositories (Addis Ababa University’s digital library repository); 703 of which were excluded while only 47 articles were included in the <em>meta</em>-analysis. The search for articles was conducted during the period 03 December 2019 to 28 January 2020. For methodological qualities of the included articles assessment, a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies was used. R version 3.6.1 and stata version 14 soft wares were used for analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates. The I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The pooled overall prevalence of included 47 studies revealed that clients’ satisfaction among users of selected exempted health care services in Ethiopia was 70% (95% CI: 64, 74%). In subgroup analysis; the lowest prevalence of clients’ satisfaction was observed among users of obstetrics maternal health care services with the prevalence of 65.04% (95% CI: 57.50, 72.58).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study found that more than one-third of respondents; was not satisfied with exempted health care services. There is slight difference in satisfaction of clients across type of exempted health care services and regions. Policy and decision makers in Ethiopia shall design strategies to optimize quality of health care services besides exemption of its <span>costs.it</span><svg><path></path></svg> is also strongly recommend that a special emphasis shall be given to obstetric health care services provision. Moreover, concerned stakeholders’ (ministry of health, etc.) should strengthen compassionate respectful care provision in public health facilities; beside to removing user fees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259022962200003X/pdfft?md5=f2d45f937d0d3495a14f76df2c1d9e91&pid=1-s2.0-S259022962200003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92031508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Health Observatory: A tool to strengthen the health information system for evidence-based decision making and health policy formulation in Cameroon","authors":"Viviane Fossouo Ndoungue ,&nbsp;Christie Tiwoda ,&nbsp;Oumarou Gnigninanjouena ,&nbsp;Serge Bataliack ,&nbsp;Ebongué Mbondji ,&nbsp;Aline Labat","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the consensus on the importance of evidence based health information for decision28 making and health policy formulation, quality information is not always available. This situation led the WHO in 2009 to recommend the establishment of an African Health Observatory and National Health Observatories. The WHO recommended 4 phases approach for the establishment of National Health Observatories was used in Cameroon: the preliminary phase, start-up, strengthening and full operation. Despite a non-optimal institutional positioning, the Cameroon’s Health Observatory is in the strengthening phase and contributes to evidence-based decision making in the health system. A strong political commitment is fundamental from the beginning of the project. The establishment of National Health Observatories calls for genuine national ownership, both of the process as a whole and of the tool itself. WHO should regularly assess the progress made in the establishment of National Health Observatories in different countries and provide feedback to them. A step-by-step approach, jointly validated by national stakeholders in a roll-out plan, would be more appropriate for the sustainability of the work of National Health Observatories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9742855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining priority setting in the national COVID-19 pandemic plans: A case study from countries in the WHO- South-East Asia Region (WHO-SEARO)","authors":"Claudia-Marcela Vélez ,&nbsp;Lydia Kapiriri ,&nbsp;Elysee Nouvet ,&nbsp;Susan Goold ,&nbsp;Bernardo Aguilera ,&nbsp;Iestyn Williams ,&nbsp;Marion Danis ,&nbsp;Beverley M. Essue","doi":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hpopen.2022.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The World Health Organization- South-East Asia Region (WHO-SEARO) accounted for almost 17% of all the confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 worldwide. While the literature has documented a weak COVID-19 response in the WHO-SEARO, there has been no discussion of the degree to which this could have been influenced/ mitigated with the integration of priority setting (PS) in the region’s COVID-19 response. The purpose of this paper is to describe the degree to which the COVID-19 plans from a sample of WHO-SEARO countries included priority setting.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was based on an analysis of national COVID-19 pandemic response and preparedness planning documents from a sample of seven (of the eleven) countries in WHO-SEARO. We described the degree to which the documented priority setting processes adhered to twenty established quality indicators of effective PS and conducted a cross-country comparison.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All of the reviewed plans described the required resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most, but not all of the plans demonstrated political will, and described stakeholder involvement. However, none of the plans presented a clear description of the PS process including a formal PS framework, and PS criteria. Overall, most of the plans included only a limited number of quality indicators for effective PS.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><p>There was wide variation in the parameters of effective PS in the reviewed plans. However, there were no systematic variations between the parameters presented in the plans and the country’s economic, health system and pandemic and PS context and experiences. The political nature of the pandemic, and its high resource demands could have influenced the inclusion of the parameters that were apparent in all the plans. The finding that the plans did not include most of the evidence-based parameters of effective PS highlights the need for further research on how countries operationalize priority setting in their respective contexts as well as deeper understanding of the parameters that are deemed relevant. Further research should explore and describe the experiences of implementing defined priorities and the impact of this decision-making on the pandemic outcomes in each country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34527,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy Open","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/ff/main.PMC9683850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}