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The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages最新文献

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Historical sources and periodization of the Japonic and Koreanic languages 日语和朝鲜语的历史渊源和年代划分
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0002
M. Miyake
{"title":"Historical sources and periodization of the Japonic and Koreanic languages","authors":"M. Miyake","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines the various periods of Japonic and Koreanic language history. It provides approximate dates for each period more or less following traditional divisions while noting issues with conventional dividing lines. Owing to length considerations, it does not contain comprehensive lists of sources. Instead it only refers to a few sources per period, with an emphasis on the difficulties of interpretation that are not often explicitly discussed in the literature. It gives selected examples of characteristic features—mostly phonological but also sometimes morphological and lexical—for each period. It introduces the various scripts in the sources with brief examples and transliteration: Chinese characters, man’yōgana, hiragana, katakana, hyangch’al, idu, kugyŏl, and han’gŭl.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123127366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The nominal group, possessive agreement, and nominal sentences in the Transeurasian languages 外欧亚语言的名词群、所有格一致和名词句
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0034
I. Nevskaya, Lina Amal
{"title":"The nominal group, possessive agreement, and nominal sentences in the Transeurasian languages","authors":"I. Nevskaya, Lina Amal","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0034","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with some of the most salient syntactic features of nominal groups and nominal sentences in Transeurasian languages; e.g. agreement in person and number between the heads and the modifiers expressed by adjectives, numerals, and demonstrative pronouns within nominal groups; formal and semantic properties of the “possessive noun + noun” adnominal possession construction; the morphology and syntax of reflexive possessive constructions. Special attention is paid to the inalienable/alienable possession split, observed in the existence of specialized possessive morphology, or of the double nominative and double accusative constructions of “external possession” in individual Transeurasian subbranches or languages. The chapter also describes the main types of Transeurasian nominal sentences, correlation of their formal and semantic types, and agreement between their subjects and predicates.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133706651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Even and the Northern Tungusic languages 甚至和北通古斯语
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0019
B. Pakendorf, N. Aralova
{"title":"Even and the Northern Tungusic languages","authors":"B. Pakendorf, N. Aralova","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a concise structural overview of the three Northern Tungusic languages spoken in the Russian Federation, namely Even, Evenki, and Negidal. Even and Evenki are spoken by people who traditionally were fully nomadic hunters and reindeer herders, whereas Negidal is spoken by a small group who were traditionally semi-sedentary fishers and hunters. Typical features of these languages are root-based vowel harmony, large case systems, an extensive system of verbal inflection and derivation, and the widespread use of nonfinite verb forms in subordination. The three languages discussed here share large numbers of cognate forms, but also have notable individual features, such as the indefinite accusative case found in Evenki and Negidal, the refactive verb derivation that Negidal shares with other Tungusic languages of the Amur region, or the use of evaluative morphology to express (in)definiteness in Even.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120979597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Miyako, Ishigaki, and Yonaguni, the Southern Ryūkyūan Languages
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0015
J. R. Bentley
{"title":"Miyako, Ishigaki, and Yonaguni, the Southern Ryūkyūan Languages","authors":"J. R. Bentley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"The Sakishima area in the southern Ryūkyūs consists of three main languages: Miyako (represented by Hirara, but with some data also drawn from Irabu), Ishigaki, and Yonaguni. While these three languages are mutually unintelligible, even a cursory examination demonstrates that these languages are related. After a brief outline to the historical connections, the phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon are described, comparing and contrasting data from these three languages. These languages are critical to a better understanding of the language history of the languages throughout the Japanese archipelago.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121529527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comparative approach to the pronominal system in Transeurasian 泛亚语代词系统的比较研究
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0033
Michael Schwarz, O. Srba, V. Blažek
{"title":"A comparative approach to the pronominal system in Transeurasian","authors":"Michael Schwarz, O. Srba, V. Blažek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter focuses mostly on personal pronouns in Transeurasian languages. A brief introduction describes the main typological similarities and differences among the pronominal systems of all branches. The main part gives a summary of the declension of personal pronouns in the five branches. The overview is based on sets of tables with declensions of Turkic (separately for subgroups), Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese branches. Further tables reconstruct pronominal declensions for the daughter protolanguages and the final result is an attempt to reconstruct and comment on the Transeurasian protosystem. The third part gives an overview of other types of pronouns, mainly demonstratives, possessive and reflexive forms, interrogatives with related indefinite and negative forms. At the end of the chapter, internal loanwords and elements borrowed from other than Transeurasian languages are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115900313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jejudo Korean
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0017
Ubong Shin, J. Kiaer, Jiyoung Shin
{"title":"Jejudo Korean","authors":"Ubong Shin, J. Kiaer, Jiyoung Shin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Jejudo Korean is spoken mainly on the island of Jeju. Owing to its geographic distance from Korean peninsula, it has some unique features that make it different from other dialects spoken in Korea. For instance, it contains a lexical influence from Middle Mongolian and has also preserved some elements of Middle Korean (10th century–16th century) that no longer exist in other Korean dialects. In 2011, UNESCO listed Jejudo Korean as a nearly extinct language. Since then, much attention has been given to Jejudo Korean. This chapter provides an overview of Jejudo Korean: historical connections and geneology, phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary. Owing to the vast influence of Standard Korean, we also observed phonological and morphological changes in Jejudo Korean, particularly in young people’s speech.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123739746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beck-Wichmann-Brown evaluation of lexical comparisons for the Transeurasian proposal beck - wichman - brown对跨欧亚语系词汇比较的评价
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0043
Cecil H. Brown
{"title":"Beck-Wichmann-Brown evaluation of lexical comparisons for the Transeurasian proposal","authors":"Cecil H. Brown","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0043","url":null,"abstract":"The Beck-Wichmann-Brown system is used to objectify and provide uniformity to the comparative method of historical linguistics in the evaluation of lexical sets assembled as evidence for proposals of language genealogical relationship. The approach quantitatively assesses degrees of support that collections of comparative sets provide for proposals, with regard to whether or not observed similarities exceed coincidental expectation, and in the case that they do, an algorithm is developed for distinguishing resemblance due to genealogical affiliation from that due to borrowing. This study applies Beck-Wichmann-Brown to ten collections of comparative sets based on data compiled by Robbeets (2005) for the Transeurasian proposal (uniting Japanese, Korean, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic). These evaluative results are compared with those yielded by Beck-Wichmann-Brown application to 86 other collections of lexical sets for proposals involving languages of global distribution.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121087939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages 丘瓦什语和保加利亚语
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028
A. Savelyev
{"title":"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages","authors":"A. Savelyev","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Chuvash is the sole living representative of the Bulgharic branch, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family. While extinct Bulgharic varieties are only limitedly accessible to linguists owing to the scarcity of written sources, Chuvash has attracted a lot of attention as the most divergent Turkic language, notable for both archaic features and innovations against the background of the Common Turkic branch. For a century, because of its salient features, Chuvash has played a key role in the Altaic and, further, Transeurasian debate. This chapter provides a historical overview and a grammar sketch of Chuvash as seen from both a genealogical and an areal perspective. As shown in the chapter, Chuvash exhibits numerous features that are typical of Transeurasian languages in general and Turkic in particular. At the same time, some other traits that can be found in modern Chuvash may have been adopted through contact with non-Transeurasian languages, most notably Uralic, such as Mari, and Indo-European, such as Russian.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130861480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comparative approach to nominal morphology in Transeurasian Case and plurality 跨欧亚地区名词形态的比较研究
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0032
Ilya Gruntov, Olga Mazo
{"title":"A comparative approach to nominal morphology in Transeurasian Case and plurality","authors":"Ilya Gruntov, Olga Mazo","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Plurality and case markers in Transeurasian languages have different morphological statuses, varying from case particles to affixes. Particles preserve a certain autonomy; they are usually invariable and do not depend on the morphophonological features of the preceding stem. Affixes participate in internal morphophonological processes depending on the preceding stem. However, in many cases we can observe the process of grammaticalization turning particles or postpositions into affixes. All Transeurasian languages that preserve case and plurality markers follow the same stem—plurality marker—case marker scheme. Cross-linguistically recurrent paradigmatic patterns imply that observed material and functional similarity is not coincidental. The chapter summarizes previous studies in the field, proposes a reconstruction of case and number systems in the individual language families within Transeurasian, and discusses the common patterns among them.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130669835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Khalkha Mongolian Khalkha蒙古
The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0022
Jan-Olof Svantesson
{"title":"Khalkha Mongolian","authors":"Jan-Olof Svantesson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gives an introduction to the basic structures of Khalkha Mongolian, most of which are similar to those of Mongolian proper in general. Segmental phonology (vowels and consonants) and word structure are analyzed. Major changes from earlier stages of the language are described briefly, as is the writing system, based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Vowel harmony, based on pharyngeality (ATR) and rounding, has several interesting properties, including the opacity of high rounded vowels to rounding harmony. There is a rich derivational and inflectional morphology based on suffixes. Basic syntactic structures, including word order and case marking of arguments in simple and complex clauses, are described, as are the functions of different verb forms (finite verbs, converbs, and participles). The description emphasizes the central place of Mongolian proper in the typology of the Transeurasian languages.","PeriodicalId":345262,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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