The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia最新文献

Pan-Grave and Medjay Pan-Grave和Medjay

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190496272.013.13

Kate Liszka, A. Souza

引用次数: 0

The Nubian Experience of Egyptian Domination During the New Kingdom 新王国时期努比亚人在埃及统治下的经历

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.20

S. T. Smith

引用次数: 6

The City of Meroe 梅罗市

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.26

K. Grzymski

引用次数: 0

Savanna on the Nile 尼罗河上的稀树草原

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.45

D. Fuller, Leilani Lucas

{"title":"Savanna on the Nile","authors":"D. Fuller, Leilani Lucas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.45","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of changing agricultural systems from the Neolithic to the Post-Meroitic Period in the greater Nubian region. There remain major gaps in the archaeobotanical evidence, and larger samples collected by systematic sieving and flotation are few and far between. Gaps in our knowledge include the initial establishment of the summer, sub-Saharan cereal cultivation system, but other important trends are much clearer, such as the arrival of the classic Egyptian winter cereal cultivation system of Near Eastern origin in the Late Neolithic at least in Lower Nubia; the latter of which complemented established pastoral traditions providing for the emergent political economy. The northward spread of the summer savannah crop system during the first few centuries ce formed the basis for subsequent intensification through the adoption of the cattle-powered saqia. Diversification and intensification through an integration of the summer and winter crop systems along with the development of a cash crop industry facilitated the development of Meroitic state. These processes also may have played an important role in economic changes in the Late Meroitic to Post-Meroitic transition, including the devolution of the Meroitic state. In addition to representing a long-term frontier of overlapping agricultural systems, Nubia was a frontier in cooking traditions, a crossroads between a world of bread in the North and one of liquid preparations, porridges, and beers in the South.","PeriodicalId":344932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116665576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Egyptian Fortresses and the Colonization of Lower Nubia in the Middle Kingdom 埃及堡垒与中王国下努比亚的殖民

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.15

Laurel D. Bestock

{"title":"Egyptian Fortresses and the Colonization of Lower Nubia in the Middle Kingdom","authors":"Laurel D. Bestock","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"In the early part of the 2nd millennium bce, the Egyptian state took control of Lower Nubia, building a series of monumental fortresses along the Nile that are remarkable for their sophisticated military architecture. This was Egypt’s first major expansion beyond its traditional borders. Various theoretical models of imperialism and core-periphery interactions have been brought to bear on studies of the forts and their populations, seeking to explain the military, economic, and ideological purposes behind the original construction of the monuments as well as the apparently shifting nature of their occupation, from probable rotating garrisons to more permanent settlement, and their interactions with local populations (cf. Trigger 1976:64–81; Adams 1977:183–88; Zibelius-Chen 1988:69–135; S.T. Smith 1995, 2003; Williams 1999; Flammini 2008; Török 2009:79–101; Vogel 2004; Knoblauch 2008). The resulting picture of Egyptian occupation of Nubia is a nuanced if not entirely agreed upon one. The fortresses are important to archaeology more broadly because they offer a richly documented case study for consideration of state control of foreign territory; they belong in the broader discourse about imperialism, colonization, and colonialism, how different state strategies of control can be understood in the material record, and how people live and interact in border zones. That the methods of Middle Kingdom control can be contrasted to both earlier and later Egyptian strategies of interaction with Nubia, and that the region is one of modern colonial entanglements, makes a critical approach to its occupation in the Middle Kingdom all the more vital.","PeriodicalId":344932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126872923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers of Nubia 旧石器时代努比亚的狩猎采集者

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.58

M. Masojć

{"title":"Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers of Nubia","authors":"M. Masojć","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.58","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter is devoted to the earliest human settlement in Nubia, which took place in the Pleistocene, with numerous references to neighboring areas, especially Upper Egypt. Paleolithic groups of humans probably appeared in Nubia in the Early Pleistocene, but well-documented sites—connected with Lower Paleolithic-Acheulean complex industries—are dated only to Middle Pleistocene (MIS 9-7). Some of the oldest Middle Stone Age (MSA) assemblages in Africa were discovered in Nubia (ca. 220 ka, MIS 7). Numerous MSA sites (ca. 220–40 ka, MIS 7-3) with predominating Levallois technology are situated within the Nile valley and the neighboring deserts, mainly in oases. The onset of Upper Paleolithic (ca. 40–20 ka, MIS 3-2) blade technology was recorded together with the oldest mining. Late Paleolithic groups of humans (20–11 ka, MIS 2), characterized by considerable diversity in the hyper-arid period, lived only in the Nile valley. Local examples of rock paintings come from that period. Pleistocene human remains from Nubia are extremely rare; they all represent H. sapiens. Cemeteries with numerous burials, some of which display evidence of violence, were also discovered in this area.","PeriodicalId":344932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Geology of Nubia and Surrounding Regions 努比亚及其周边地区的地质

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.5

J. A. Harrell

引用次数: 1

Jebel Barkal

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.22

T. Kendall, E. A. Mohamed

{"title":"Jebel Barkal","authors":"T. Kendall, E. A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"Jebel (“Mt”) Barkal stood at the center of ancient Napata, the city farthest up the Nile from Thebes in Egypt’s Nubian empire. Following their conquest of Kush, the Egyptians identified this hill as a residence of a primeval aspect (“ka”) of Amun of Karnak, whom they depicted locally as a ram-headed man but who is revealed here to be a form of Kamutef. Once perceived as a creation site and a birthplace of Amun (being nearest the Nile sources), Jebel Barkal naturally came to be understood as the birthplace of the “royal ka.” This “discovery” apparently prompted the pharaohs to build Luxor Temple at Thebes as a ritual substitute for Amun’s temple at Napata, enabling the kings to house the Nubian god (their imagined “father”) in their capital and to reunite locally with him and with their “royal kas.” The Egyptian belief that their kingship sprang from “Amun of Karnak” at Jebel Barkal/Luxor was revived in the 8th century bce by the kings of Kush, who used it to claim Egyptian kingship for themselves during the 25th Dynasty and subsequently. This paper summarizes what is currently known of Jebel Barkal’s historical and religious significance and presents the results of the latest archaeological investigations.","PeriodicalId":344932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117304991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Past, Present, Future 过去，现在，未来

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.2

C. Näser

引用次数: 0

From Foraging to Food Producing 从觅食到食物生产

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Pub Date : 2021-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.7

D. Usai

引用次数: 0