{"title":"The main theories of additional complications in the earth’s biosphere","authors":"S. Shvartsev, С Л Шварцев","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898800-810-12273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898800-810-12273","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution is an important topic for science in general and has been the main concern of many scientists for several decades. One reason for this continued interest is that science is yet to disclose the creative role that water plays in the formation of the outer shell of the Earth, determined by its antagonistic relationship with basalts and with the simple products of photosynthesis. Nonequilibrium is the main state in all evolutionary processes, ensuring the creation of new equilibrium formations with the environment. However, the water cycle, which continuously determines the flow of new water to systems breaking equilibria, produces an additional complication, leading to the constant acceleration of the evolution of the structure that characterized by V.I. Vernadsky as \"water–rock–gas–organic matter (animate and inanimate)\". Water provides a unity of the behavior of inert material and living matter.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fedoruk, Михаил Петрович Федорук, O. E. Yakovleva, О Е Яковлева
{"title":"Novosibirsk state university – a new type of university","authors":"M. Fedoruk, Михаил Петрович Федорук, O. E. Yakovleva, О Е Яковлева","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898851-859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898851-859","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the history of the founding of Novosibirsk State University in the context of the first years of Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk, the largest scientific center in the eastern part of Russia. It describes the logic of the formation of a system for training researchers: physic and mathematic School – University – institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main characteristics of the principle \"education through research\" are presented along with the current status of the University and plans for the future.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122787258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A.A. Shakhmatov. Selected correspondence. In 3 vol. Vol. 1: correspondence with f.F. Fortunatov, V.N. Peretz, and V.M. Istrin.","authors":"O. V. Nikitin, О В Никитин","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898874-877-12296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898874-877-12296","url":null,"abstract":"V.G. Vovina-Lebedeva (Ed.), Compiled by V.G. Vovina-Lebedeva, E.N. Gruzdeva, and A.E. Zhukov \u0000Saint Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, 2018. 944 P.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131101985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I.I. Smul’skii. New astronomical theory of the ice ages","authors":"V. Zharov, В Е Жаров","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873898878-879-12297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873898878-879-12297","url":null,"abstract":"Riga: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2018. 132 Р. \u0000In this book, a new approach to the astronomical theory of climate change is considered, and problems of the orbital and rotational motion of the Earth are solved using the numerical method. The author of the monograph investigated the evolution of the earth’s axis and obtained the periods of its oscillations coinciding with observed oscillations. Calculations that covered 100,000 years showed a significant oscillation of the earth’s axis, which has led to fluctuations in insolation that can explain the changes in the paleoclimate. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132903732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic and geographic aspects of new industrial and transport construction in Russia","authors":"N. Klyuev, Н Н Клюев","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873897678-687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873897678-687","url":null,"abstract":"The author conducted an inventory of investment projects implemented in post-Soviet Russia to determine the trends of the territorial organization of industry that are associated with the new construction. An exceptionally high territorial differentiation of industrial construction was revealed, which is expressed in its concentration in a small number of industrial areas and overconcentration in metropolitan regions. The total fragmentation of the single national economic complex in the course of market reforms is being replaced by an unstable trend of spontaneous complex formation. The analysis of the structure of new industrial construction did not reveal any signs of its greening. Two-thirds of the new projects involve the basic, ecologically aggressive sectors. The newly constructed transport infrastructure facilities are largely export-oriented rather than being enhancers of the connectivity of their territories. This vector of territorial development in Russia is negative from both geopolitical and environmental positions.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Antopolskii, А.Б. Антопольский, N. Kalenov, Н.Е. Каленов, V. A. Serebryakov, Владимир Алексеевич Серебряков, A. Sotnikov, Александр Николаевич Сотников
{"title":"Common digital space of scientific knowledge","authors":"A. Antopolskii, А.Б. Антопольский, N. Kalenov, Н.Е. Каленов, V. A. Serebryakov, Владимир Алексеевич Серебряков, A. Sotnikov, Александр Николаевич Сотников","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873897728-735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873897728-735","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts a comprehensive analysis of the concept and phenomenon of the common digital space of scientific knowledge (CDSSK) as a narrower wording of the concept of the common Russian electronic space of knowledge, which is proposed in a number of government documents. Definitions of basic concepts are proposed in relation to this phenomenon. Goals, objectives, composition, and structure are considered to be the boundaries and the principles of creating CDSSK. A brief overview of the existing scientific information resources and services that have the features of the elements of space of scientific knowledge follows. It is concluded that the existing information resources can be sources of CDSSK but not its components. The paper proposes a structure for CDSSK, including static and dynamic components (base and add-in), various levels of knowledge representation, and core and periphery. This should include formalized knowledge over which a set of operations and the periphery – the sources of this knowledge (including documents) – are selected on the basis of quality. The logical structure of CDSSK must submit its ontology, formed as it ought to be on the basis of information languages and metadata of existing scientific information resources. A number of steps are proposed to organize the work of creating CDSSK, as well as its content and support.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124202029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Makarov, В.Л. Макаров, Jie Wu, Ц Ву, Zili Wu, З Ву, B. Khabriev, Б. Р. Хабриев, A. Bakhtizin, Альберт Бахтизин
{"title":"World trade wars: new impact estimation tools","authors":"V. Makarov, В.Л. Макаров, Jie Wu, Ц Ву, Zili Wu, З Ву, B. Khabriev, Б. Р. Хабриев, A. Bakhtizin, Альберт Бахтизин","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873897745-754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873897745-754","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the most well-known tools for quantifying the effects of trade wars. The most famous and highly cited works are analyzed. In these works, mathematical models that view the economic systems of several states and participants of international relations at the same time are considered, analysis of which revealed a certain bias of results in favor of individual countries, as well as the lack of consideration of the specific features of the economic systems of most of the subjects considered. In the next work, which is a continuation of this article, we will provide information regarding the model complex being developed for assessing the effects of intercountry trade wars, allowing us to carry out calculations of measures aimed at other countries that are against Russia and China and present the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121123243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental aspects of sustainable development","authors":"V. Osipov, В. И. Осипов","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873897718-727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873897718-727","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"sustainable development\" is based on the fundamental principle of improving human quality of life without destroying the natural environment (the biosphere). Humankind develops through the consumption of renewable (air, water, landscapes, and biota) and nonrenewable (fuel, ores, and other mineral resources) resources from the Earth. Constant renewal of resources is an essential condition for sustainable development. However, the present-day use of nature ignores this requirement, which inevitably leads to the depletion of resources, degradation of ecosystems, and global ecological disaster. This paper considers the modern level of consumption of life-supporting resources, which exceeds the permissible limits, and possible ways to prevent the approaching disaster. We draw several conclusions regarding the necessity to adopt a radically new nature-use strategy on the bases of the rational use and reproduction of resources as well as the development of new technologies of energy production from nontraditional sources.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"502 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133847568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scientific cooperation of Russia with post-soviet states","authors":"A. Kravtsov","doi":"10.31857/s0869-5873897699-717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873897699-717","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the current state and dynamics of the scientific cooperation between Russia and non-Baltic post-Soviet states by studying researchers’ scientific co-publications indexed in the Web of Science. The statistics on the number of Russian and post-Soviet authors’ bilateral scientific articles in 2000–2017 were analyzed, as well as distribution of the articles by publication year, area of research, main sponsors, and authors’ organizational affiliations. Four groups of countries were specified, for which the dynamics of scientific publication cooperation with Russia can be described as growing, positive, stagnating, and dwindling respectively. The main areas of scientific cooperation between Russia and post-Soviet states were identified in general and for each partner country in particular, as well as the leading cooperating organizations, key areas of joint research, and major research sponsors. The comparative relevance of co-publications for the scientific community was evaluated through scientific citation indexes for each post-Soviet partner country and each key area of research. The valuable role of higher education institutions in maintaining scientific cooperation in the context of adverse political and economic environments was specified.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124074494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of land relations in the agro-industrial complex","authors":"V. N. Khlystun","doi":"10.31857/S0869-5873897669-677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869-5873897669-677","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the results and consequences of land and agrarian reforms in Russia and investigates the main directions of land policy improvement. The dynamics of the ownership structure, as well as the forms and types of land use in agricultural organizations, indicate the incompleteness of land transformations and misunderstanding of the direction of subsequent development. An assessment of the state land policy indicates its uncertainty in a number of critical positions and the inadequate response of the land administration system to the modern requirements of socioeconomic development. Its inefficiency gave rise to the lack of information on the composition and quality of land parcels, accelerating degradation of agricultural lands, criminalization of land relations, insecurity of small agribusinesses, and unprecedented growth of latifundia, among other negative trends. Registered agricultural lands constitute a little more than 20%. The boundaries of political units are not established, which leads to land disputes and insecurity of agricultural producers’ rights. The destruction of institutions for planning and forecasting; the use and protection of lands; and land management, monitoring, re-cultivation, and anti-erosion measures all led to the desertification of large areas, progress of water and wind erosion, soil salinization, and other degradation processes. To improve the current situation, we propose that a system of urgent measures be implemented.","PeriodicalId":344486,"journal":{"name":"Вестник Российской академии наук","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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