Клиническая и специальная психология最新文献

{"title":"Functional Determination of Written Communication in Patients with Broca’s Aphasia","authors":"E. Ivanova, A. Skvortsov, Y. Mikadze","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100306","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the study of the specificity of disorders of written speech in efferent motor agraphia, depending on the functional orientation of writing. The theoretical prerequisite for the work was the functionalist approach developed in the direction of cultural-historical psychology. The goal of the study: to reveal the variability of writing disorders in efferent motor agraphia in the conditions of different types of written speech performance in terms of functional orientation. The study used ecological tasks, which were developed in the culture of everyday writing activities, and traditional diagnostic tasks aimed at assessing separate writing operations. The study involved 22 patients with post-stroke efferent motor agraphia, 13 of them were men, the average age was 55,0±8,0 years. Nineteen patients had higher education, 3 — secondary education. The results of statistical calculations did not reveal significant differences in any of the types of errors at the level of individual words. The analyzed types of written errors were revised in favor of syntactic ones. Intraindividual analysis using nonparametric criteria revealed differences in 5 types of syntax errors. The obtained differences are explained by the choice of certain writing strategies that meet the written task assigned to the patient. The analysis shows the need to take into account not only the various instrumental components of speech and structural units of the language, in particular, syntax, but also functional changes manifested at the level of pragmatics.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Use of Virtual Reality Technologies in the Rehabilitation and Treatment of Depression in Clinical Psychology","authors":"V. Selivanov, L. Meitner, Y. Griber","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100312","url":null,"abstract":"The work focused on the examining the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies in the reduction of depression in Europe. More than 70 issues of the journals “Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking”, “European Psychologist” were analyzed. We used the bibliometric analysis, the \"keyword method\" to analyze the text, which is understood as a search for typical terms, content analysis of the content of articles that used VR and depression. In the journal \"European Psychologist\" the term VR has not been mentioned for the last 2 years, which indicates the secondary importance of this issue for general psychology. In cyberpsychology, on the contrary, since 2019 in Europe, the interest of researchers in the use of VR technologies in clinical psychology has increased. By the content of the journal articles. \"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking\" VR technologies are used primarily for the correction of anxiety disorders, and secondly, for the correction of depression. These technologies are used in various ways. The first option is to create VR programs with a direct impact on depression reduction. Here, VR is used as a symptom awareness tool, to create an avatar environment for client dialogue in a non- judgmental environment. Research has shown that such VR programs are rated by users as a useful tool for informing and emotionally responding to depressive states. The second option is an indirect effect on reducing the level of depression through the reduction of fears, phobias; increased activation, tone, euphoria in mental states; the development of a positive mood, cognitive motivation; an increase in indicators of field independence (cognitive style). A study based on the methods of psychosemantics is presented, which has demonstrated the effect of a specially created VR program with an avatar on changing the unconscious attitudes of the personality, reducing phobia of darkness. The effectiveness of using of VR technologies in reducing depression is determined by modeling of mental experiences and actions in VR, creating a virtual ontology, the influence of VR on conscious and unconscious attitudes, the possibility of responding to unconscious experiences through the user's identification with an avatar.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134113049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Image of Disorder in Patients with Chronic Back Pain","authors":"A. Kotelnikova, A. Kukshina, A. S. Tihonova, T. Buzina","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110406","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to study the psychological mechanisms of the formation of an intrapsychic response to chronic back pain. The hypothesis was the assumption that the internal image of the disorder in patients with chronic back pain differs depending on the subjective perception of pain. Operationalization of the internal image of disorder was carried out in accordance with a four-level concept (sensitive, motivational, emotional, and intellectual levels). Psychodiagnostic tools were used: \"McGill's Pain Questionnaire (Kastiro I.V., 2012), \"Restoration of the locus of control\" questionnaire (Belova N.A., 2002), expert assessment of compliance on a five-point scale, \"Psychological factors of attitude to illness and treatment\" questionnaire (Rasskazova E.I., 2016). In total, 84 patients aged 54.5±14.4 years were examined, including 52 (61.9%) women and 32 (38.1%) men who were at the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation for dorsopathies with moderate chronic pain syndrome. The pain has lasted for 12.9±13.4 years. As a result of the study, it was found that the groups of patients with mixed and nociceptive pain differ from each other in the structure of the internal image of the disorder: patients with mixed pain have no relationship between the motivational and emotional levels with the sensitive – the level of primary processing of sensory information.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122433452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and Managing Emotions in Gelotophobia","authors":"K. Klimova, Yunna E. Kravchenko","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110404","url":null,"abstract":"Gelotophobia is a fear of ridicule, that manifests both as part of anxiety and depressive disorders, and independently. The study finds out whether some features of recognition and control of expression are limited to the area of positive emotions or manifest themselves in the regulation of other emotions with gelotophobia. The results of self-reporting and test methods for assessing the understanding of emotions, as well as direct and indirect measurements of the ability to control emotions, are compared, and an interference effect of alexithymia is controlled. In total 235 subjects took a part (Mage=17,95, SDage=1,78), among whom 181 female and 54 male students of the humanities answered questionnaires Emotional Intelligence (EI), Ways of coping (WCQ) of Lazarus, Questionnaire of Gelotophobia (GELOPH-15), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), attributional style questionnaire of Seligman) and did tests (Video Test of Lysin and Ovsyannikova, timing of emotion naming). Quantitative comparative analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The results indicate that some characteristic properties of recognition and control of emotions associated with gelotophobia extend to some other emotions (sadness, but not fear and anger). The reduction in recognition and control of emotions in gelotophobia manifests only through self-reporting methods, while tests show minimal differences depending on gelotophobia grade and their derived character. The accuracy of recognition decreases with gelotophobia grade only when the recognition time is limited. The reduction of control manifests only in the rarer use of Avoidance coping, which is associated with a lower evaluation of the ability to control achieving success and avoiding failure by the individual. the conviction of the individual.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115431256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Cognitive and Emotional Sphere of a Teenager with Epiphysis Pathology and Concomitant Speech Disorder: An Analysis of a Single Case","authors":"N. G. Turovskaya","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110408","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the features of cognitive impairments in various cerebral organic pathologies allows us to understand the role of individual structures of the brain in the implementation of mental activity and determine the appropriate ways of providing psychological assistance to patients. In a situation of rare pathology, the analysis of individual clinical cases is useful. The aim of this research was to study the state of cognitive functions in a 13-year-old male teenager with a cystic restructuring of the pineal gland and concomitant undifferentiated impairment of expressive speech. Changes in the epiphysis were detected in the patient in less than a month before this psychological study. During the examination, methods of pathopsychological and neuropsychological diagnostics, and projective graphic tests were used. In the course of neuropsychological research on a teenager, a violation of the ability to compose a syllabic kinetic scheme of utterance and, in general, a lack of dynamic and kinesthetic praxis, as well as interhemispheric interaction and auditory-speech memory were revealed. The main ways of providing psychological assistance to the patient were identified: neuropsychological correction aimed at restoring impaired speech function based on preserved higher mental functions, and restoration of the communicative function of speech. The obtained results of psychological research require further understanding and verification, primarily in order to understand the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders in the situation of cystic pineal gland rearrangement.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Self-Representations of Socially Oriented Expectations of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"T. Kuzmina","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100309","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations and empirical implementation of the approach to the study of narrative self-representations in the field of socially oriented expectations of young and adult persons with intellectual disabilities. Socially oriented expectations largely determine the behavioral representations of the subject in relation to the outside world and other people. There are no special methods for studying the socially oriented expectations of adults with intellectual disabilities, in connection with which an approach can be proposed using the content analysis of narrative representations obtained in the framework of the study of socially oriented personality self-structures (social self). In this case, the coding is based on two parameters: the frequency of occurrence of representative references and the emotional orientation of representative references to socially oriented expectations. With the use of latent coding, based on the semantic analysis of speech units and representative references, it becomes possible to distinguish semantic clusters describing areas of life for which respondents have socially oriented expectations of a particular emotional orientation. This approach makes it possible to overcome the difficulties of analyzing the verbal production of persons with intellectual disabilities, arising in connection with the presence of systemic speech underdevelopment in the latter. The high values of the coefficient of agreement of expert opinions obtained in this study indicate the relevance of the proposed method for obtaining reliable data. The quantitative ratio of the narrative representations of socially oriented expectations between adolescence and adulthood changes insignificantly, there is a qualitative redistribution of the inter-thematic semantic load, as well as a change in the emotional component of the narrative representations of socially oriented expectations of persons with mild intellectual disabilities.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121976192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Savant Case from Turkey: Cognitive Functions and Calendar Calculation","authors":"M. Bıçakçı, Köksal, Baloglu","doi":"10.17759/CPSE.2021100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/CPSE.2021100101","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is the first detailed report on a savant case in Turkey. We collected data from a 25-year-old-male savant on attention span, short-term memory, working memory, autobiographical memory, overall intelligence, reading speed, text interpretation, and advanced calendar calculation. Data collection tools included the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (4th edition), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Stanford-Binet 5 Working Memory Test and Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices for assessing general intellectual functioning; the Verbal Short-Term Memory Test for assessing memory assessment; d2 for assessing attention; a structured reading text; family interview protocols; and an individual interview protocol. The savant has a composite intellectual level of 85 and was recently diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder when he was 25 years old. He evidenced limited attention span but excellent short-term memory, working memory, autobiographical memory and calendar calculation.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Correction of a Mental State in the Non-Drug Way at Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"T. Reznikova, N. Seliverstova","doi":"10.17759/CPSE.2019080111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/CPSE.2019080111","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the generalized results of clinical psychological assessment of 56 patients with multiple sclerosis in dynamics of non-drug influence by technique of formation and activation the artificial stable functional connections of a brain presented. Positive effects from activation, gnostic, emotional and personal components of a mental state, and also feature of psychological reorganizations at patients with multiple sclerosis during 10 sessions of activation by photostimulation of the set frequency are revealed.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121098519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Psychopathology and the Role of Self-Compassion","authors":"E. B. Sorem, K. Priebe, J.L. Anderson","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110203","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has examined the relationship between particular personality disorders (PDs) and self-compassion. However, the field has developed new methods for assessing and diagnosing personality psychopathology, and previous work has not extended to the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) of the DSM-5. The current study aimed to examine associations between self-compassion and personality psychopathology using an evidence-based assessment and diagnosis approach. The study used Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in addition to Criterion A (elements of personality functioning) and Criterion B (pathological traits) of the AMPD in order to observe associations between PDs and self-compassion. The results indicated that there were strong associations between identity and self-compassion, as well as that self-compassion and its components were moderately negatively associated with the majority of the AMPD personality traits. The findings can help to establish working treatment methods for individuals with PDs as well as provide support for the evidence-based hybrid dimensional-categorical model of personality assessment.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133664845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typological Differentiation of Developmental Delay as a Tool of Modern Educational Practice","authors":"N. Babkina, I. Korobeynikov","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2019080307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2019080307","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses and analyzes existing approaches to the typological differentiation of the polymorphic category of children with developmental delay (DD). The dependence of the grounds of each classification (typology) on the priority directions of scientific research at certain stages of the development of defectology and the demands of educational practice revealed. The main areas of application of various classifications and their limitations in solving the urgent problems of education of children with DD has shown. The author's approach to the typology of the DD, which involves determining the optimal educational route of the child and creating favorable educational conditions for him, is considered. The generalized criteria and parameters of differentiation of the category of children with DD by developmental options, different degree of severity, structure of mental disorders and resources of their compensation are presented. For the first time, when assessing the learning ability of a child with DD, a separate consideration of cognitive and motivational components is proposed. This correlates with the established differences in the quality of development of these components under different DD options and contributes to a more reasonable definition of priorities in building a program of psychological and pedagogical work with the child.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114471738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}