JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.004
Feng Gao , Hang Li , Boxin Jiao , Liguo Tan , Chengtang Deng , Xianjin Wang , Chao Luo , Changling Zhan , Elke Debroye , Yingchen Peng , Ye Yang , Chenyi Yi , Qing Zhao
{"title":"Perovskite facet heterojunction solar cells","authors":"Feng Gao , Hang Li , Boxin Jiao , Liguo Tan , Chengtang Deng , Xianjin Wang , Chao Luo , Changling Zhan , Elke Debroye , Yingchen Peng , Ye Yang , Chenyi Yi , Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline perovskite films feature distinct facet orientations on the surface, which give rise to diverse chemical and electronic landscapes. These facet variations manifest in differences in optoelectronic characteristics, including energy level alignment and carrier mobility. Heterojunction structures, a staple in traditional photovoltaic devices, involve the strategic combination of two distinct components with unique optoelectronic properties. The heterogeneity of optoelectronic properties across the facets offers opportunities to create junctions that can enhance device performance. Here, we engineer a bilayer facet heterojunction (FHJ) in a perovskite-based photovoltaic device through integrating two films expressing distinct crystal facets (001)/(111). The buried interface of the FHJ devices demonstrates effective type II band alignment. The FHJ has propelled the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of evaporated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to 24.92%. The operational stability of the target device has been significantly improved by retaining 91.7% of its initial performance after 2,000 h of operation at maximum power output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101787"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband , Moein Jahanbani Veshareh , Mark Wilkinson , Hamidreza M. Nick , Bryne T. Ngwenya , R. Stuart Haszeldine
{"title":"In situ hydrogen generation from underground fossil hydrocarbons","authors":"Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband , Moein Jahanbani Veshareh , Mark Wilkinson , Hamidreza M. Nick , Bryne T. Ngwenya , R. Stuart Haszeldine","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is essential for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, acting as both an energy carrier and source. It can store renewable energy, decarbonize difficult sectors, and serve as a zero-carbon feedstock. Conventional hydrogen production methods, such as natural gas reforming, inherently produce CO<sub>2.</sub> Electrolysis, though CO<sub>2</sub> free during operation, can still contribute to emissions through the construction of the energy source and electrolyzer; however, using surplus renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted can offset this. <em>In situ</em> hydrogen generation from underground fossil hydrocarbons presents a compelling alternative. This method produces hydrogen directly within geological formations, using existing fossil fuel resources and infrastructure while keeping CO<sub>2</sub> sequestered underground, thus minimizing environmental impact and reducing the need for extensive surface processing. Our research examines various <em>in situ</em> techniques, including thermochemical and biological processes, showcasing their potential to enhance current hydrogen production methods. Despite its promise, this approach faces significant challenges and requires extensive research to overcome these hurdles. Addressing these challenges is crucial for integrating this method into the global energy transition, potentially reducing the carbon footprint of hydrogen production and advancing toward cleaner energy systems. This paper highlights the necessary steps and the long path ahead to make <em>in situ</em> hydrogen generation a viable and sustainable solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101809"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.101813
Felix Zaussinger , Tobias S. Schmidt , Florian Egli
{"title":"Skills-based and regionally explicit labor market exposure to the low-carbon transition in Europe","authors":"Felix Zaussinger , Tobias S. Schmidt , Florian Egli","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transitioning to a low-carbon economy leads to shifts in the labor market. Yet, an effective policy response to such shifts is currently limited by knowledge gaps on the occupations at risk, their skill profiles, and their regional and sectoral distributions. Here, based on a novel classification of occupational exposure covering 3,008 occupations and 13,500 skills, we map the labor market exposure to the low-carbon transition across European regions and sectors using granular labor force surveys. We find that workers in high-carbon jobs lacking industry decarbonization options (at-risk jobs) have significantly fewer skills and that their skills are less transversal compared with low-carbon or neutral jobs, which may inhibit switching to in-demand occupations. Moreover, large variations between regions and sectors can be expected. For example, while at-risk jobs are most frequent in the mining sector in relative terms (11%), the manufacturing sector is most affected in absolute terms (0.9 M). Crucially, our approach shows that effective deployment of industry decarbonization options helps reduce the number of at-risk workers from 6.2 to 2.3 M. Finally, we show that, among European countries with available data, Germany and Hungary face a particular challenge with a disproportionately high share of their workforce at risk, combined with low public support via the EU Just Transition Fund. Responding to these national and regional labor market impacts is critical to avoid policy backlash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101813"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005
Magda Moner-Girona , Fernando Fahl , Georgia Kakoulaki , Do-Hyung Kim , Iyke Maduako , Sándor Szabó , Godwell Nhamo , Benjamin K. Sovacool , Daniel J. Weiss
{"title":"Empowering quality education through sustainable and equitable electricity access in African schools","authors":"Magda Moner-Girona , Fernando Fahl , Georgia Kakoulaki , Do-Hyung Kim , Iyke Maduako , Sándor Szabó , Godwell Nhamo , Benjamin K. Sovacool , Daniel J. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Africa’s schools will educate the majority of the 21st century’s working population, influencing the global economy. Through combined spatial analysis techniques on over 500,000 schools, we estimate a 2 billion EUR cost to power unelectrified schools with decentralized solar photovoltaic systems. Given the positive effect on children’s food security and the growing need for digitalization, ensuring clean electricity access includes both electricity demand for internet connectivity and electric cooking. Our analysis reveals that 32% of African school-aged children live near unelectrified schools, with the nearest electrified school often too far away. The electrification of these facilities would reduce education-seeking trips by an average 45 min by motorized transport or 6 h on foot. This significant time savings, combined with the broader benefits of decentralized energy, can significantly enhance educational access, economic development, and environmental sustainability in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101804"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.007
Chang Li , Rishabh D. Guha , Stephen D. House , J. David Bazak , Yue Yu , Laidong Zhou , Kevin Zavadil , Kristin A. Persson , Linda F. Nazar
{"title":"A dynamically bare metal interface enables reversible magnesium electrodeposition at 50 mAh cm−2","authors":"Chang Li , Rishabh D. Guha , Stephen D. House , J. David Bazak , Yue Yu , Laidong Zhou , Kevin Zavadil , Kristin A. Persson , Linda F. Nazar","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and facilitating pure magnesium nucleation/growth electrodeposition behavior with ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency is complicated by the phenomenon of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in state-of-the-art, halogen-free magnesium electrolytes. Defining the electrolyte properties necessary to achieve ideal electrodeposition/stripping (E/S) thus remains elusive. Here, we reveal for the first time, rapid magnesium electrodeposition behavior that forms densely aligned, micron-sized thin platelets by establishing a dynamic bare magnesium/electrolyte interface during high-rate net plating. This effectively “SEI-free” interface allows facile magnesium diffusion and migration in stripping with near-unity E/S efficiency under demanding conditions over long-term cycling. The intrinsic electrolyte stability of the salt/solvent at the molecular level is the key to forming such an interface. The efficacy of the dynamic bare interface and an electrodeposited, free-standing magnesium anode is demonstrated in a high-areal-capacity full cell. These findings provide new design principles and fundamental understanding of interfacial chemistry in multivalent metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101790"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.010
Fumeng Ren , Xiaoxuan Liu , Rui Chen , Zhaoyi Jiang , Zhenxing Sun , Qisen Zhou , Xueqing Cai , Jing Zhou , Jianan Wang , Sanwan Liu , Guanhaojie Zheng , Wenxi Liang , Zonghao Liu , Pavel A. Troshin , Yabing Qi , Wei Chen
{"title":"Crosslinker-stabilized quasi-two-dimensional perovskite for solar modules with certified stability","authors":"Fumeng Ren , Xiaoxuan Liu , Rui Chen , Zhaoyi Jiang , Zhenxing Sun , Qisen Zhou , Xueqing Cai , Jing Zhou , Jianan Wang , Sanwan Liu , Guanhaojie Zheng , Wenxi Liang , Zonghao Liu , Pavel A. Troshin , Yabing Qi , Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upscaling perovskite solar cells to the module level while ensuring long-term stability is crucial for their commercialization. Here, we report a bottom-up crosslinking strategy utilizing 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid as a dual-anchor linker integrated into quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskite to reduce the weak van der Waals gap between individual 3D perovskite layers and to functionalize the NiO<sub>x</sub>/perovskite interface. This approach not only enhances the coupling of the perovskite slabs within the quasi-2D structure, leading to enhanced stability, but it also promotes the vertical growth of highly ordered, phase-pure low-dimensional perovskite films with improved carrier transport. The quasi-2D perovskite solar modules (PSMs) fabricated using this method have demonstrated an optimal efficiency of 16.05% over an aperture area of 9.66 cm<sup>2</sup>, utilizing a blade-coating technique in ambient air. Meanwhile, the PSMs have passed the standard damp-heat and operational stability tests for 1,000 h with negligible degradation, as verified by the VDE Prüfund Zertifizierungsinstitut GmbH (VDE Institute).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 101793"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.013
Vivek N. Lam , Xiaofan Cui , Florian Stroebl , Maitri Uppaluri , Simona Onori , William C. Chueh
{"title":"A decade of insights: Delving into calendar aging trends and implications","authors":"Vivek N. Lam , Xiaofan Cui , Florian Stroebl , Maitri Uppaluri , Simona Onori , William C. Chueh","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries remain at rest for extended periods and experience calendar aging. Although lithium-ion batteries are expected to perform for over 10 years at room temperature, long-term calendar aging data are seldom reported over such timescales. We present a dataset from 232 commercial cells across eight cell types and five manufacturers that underwent calendar aging across various temperatures and states of charge (SOCs) for up to 13 years. We analyze calendar aging across these conditions by tracking capacity loss and resistance growth as the cells degrade. This dataset is used to validate simple models, primarily the Arrhenius law and the power law, which explain the temperature and storage time on calendar aging. Certain applications of Arrhenius and power law fail to describe the dependence of capacity loss on temperature and resistance growth on storage time. Through this dataset, we demonstrate the complexity of calendar aging and the challenges in reducing trends into phenomenological models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001
Kainan Chen , Peng Zhang , Yayun Chen , Chengcheng Fei , Jiali Yu , Jiahong Zhou , Yuanhao Liang , Weiwei Li , Sisi Xiang , Susie Y. Dai , Joshua S. Yuan
{"title":"Electro-biodiesel empowered by co-design of microorganism and electrocatalysis","authors":"Kainan Chen , Peng Zhang , Yayun Chen , Chengcheng Fei , Jiali Yu , Jiahong Zhou , Yuanhao Liang , Weiwei Li , Sisi Xiang , Susie Y. Dai , Joshua S. Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and sustainable energy production is essential for climate change mitigation, yet current approaches like biofuels or electro-fuels have limitations in efficiency and product profile. We advanced a new electro-biodiesel route via integrating electrocatalysis and bioconversion to produce lipids from CO<sub>2</sub> for biodiesel. We first revealed bioenergetic and metabolic limits in C2+ intermediate utilization through simulations and metabolomics, guiding the synthetic biology design to achieve reductant balance, more ATP production, efficient lipid conversion, and higher lipid yield. Furthermore, we discovered specific ratios of ethanol and acetate to achieve co-substrate synergy, empowering bimetallic catalyst design to improve bioconversion efficiency. The microbial and catalyst co-design achieved a solar-energy-to-molecule conversion efficiency of 4.5% for CO<sub>2</sub>-to-lipid conversion. Electro-biodiesel leverages the high efficiency of electrocatalysis and longer-carbon-chain products from microbial lipid synthesis, overcoming the limitations for both electrocatalysis and bioconversion. Electro-biodiesel achieved 45 times less land usage than soybean biodiesel, competitive economics, and substantial carbon emission reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 101769"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.013
Sabin Neupane , Deng-Bing Li , Abasi Abudulimu , Manoj Kumar Jamarkattel , Chun-Sheng Jiang , Yeming Xian , Xiaomeng Duan , Adam B. Phillips , Michael J. Heben , Randall J. Ellingson , Feng Yan , Dingyuan Lu , Dan Mao , Nicholas Miller , James Becker , William Huber , Gang Xiong , Yanfa Yan
{"title":"Ex situ bismuth doping for efficient CdSeTe thin-film solar cells with open-circuit voltages exceeding 900 mV","authors":"Sabin Neupane , Deng-Bing Li , Abasi Abudulimu , Manoj Kumar Jamarkattel , Chun-Sheng Jiang , Yeming Xian , Xiaomeng Duan , Adam B. Phillips , Michael J. Heben , Randall J. Ellingson , Feng Yan , Dingyuan Lu , Dan Mao , Nicholas Miller , James Becker , William Huber , Gang Xiong , Yanfa Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of CdSeTe thin-film solar cell doping has transitioned from copper (Cu) doping to group V doping. <em>In situ</em> group V doping has resulted in a new record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.1%, with open-circuit voltages (V<sub>OC</sub>s) exceeding the 900 mV mark. Here, we report that <em>ex situ</em> bismuth (Bi)-doped CdSeTe thin-film solar cells show V<sub>OC</sub>s exceeding 900 mV and a champion PCE of 20.6%. Characterizations revealed that the Se-rich CdSeTe region near the front junction promotes Bi ions to occupy the anion sites and dope this region weakly p-type. Bi ions in the CdTe-dominating back surface region occupy the cation sites and are oxidized. This <em>ex situ</em> Bi doping with BiF<sub>3</sub> as a dopant precursor offers several advantages, including simplicity, high tolerance to the processing environment, and no requirement of additional Cd vapor or special activation processes, making it highly adaptable for researchers to explore efficient Bi-doped CdSeTe thin-film solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 101766"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004
Ying Zhou , Hengkai Zhang , Yeming Xian , Zhifang Shi , Jean Noalick Aboa , Chengbin Fei , Guang Yang , Nengxu Li , Farida A. Selim , Yanfa Yan , Jinsong Huang
{"title":"Enhancing charge-emitting shallow traps in metal halide perovskites by >100 times by surface strain","authors":"Ying Zhou , Hengkai Zhang , Yeming Xian , Zhifang Shi , Jean Noalick Aboa , Chengbin Fei , Guang Yang , Nengxu Li , Farida A. Selim , Yanfa Yan , Jinsong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low density of deep trapping defects in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is essential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Shallow traps in MHPs are speculated to enhance charge recombination lifetime. However, chemical nature and distribution of these shallow traps as well as their impact on solar cell operation remain unknown. Herein, we report that shallow traps are much richer in MHPs than traditional semiconductors, and their density can be enhanced by >100 times through local surface strain, indicating that shallow traps are mainly located at the surface. The surface strain is introduced by anchoring two-amine-terminated molecules onto formamidinium cations, and the shallow traps are formed by the band edge downshifting toward defect levels. The high-density shallow traps temporarily hold one type of charge and increased the concentration of the other type of free carrier in working solar cells by keeping photogenerated charges from bimolecular recombination, resulting in a reduced open-circuit voltage loss to 317 mV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 101772"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}