2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)最新文献

{"title":"Improving The Power Quality Of A Marine Automated Digital Substation By Using An Active Filter","authors":"A. Vyngra, B. Avdeev","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628669","url":null,"abstract":"One of the aspects of digital power grids development is the provision of high quality electricity. The effectiveness of control and load management by software and hardware complexes predetermines an increase in the stringency of the requirements for power quality parameters affecting the operation of power equipment and the transmission of information signals, thereby implying the need to study ways to compensate for current and voltage distortions. As an object of research, marine power plants are considered as developing digital substations. The paper considers the issue of documentary control harmonic components level in electricity supply networks. The control of the voltage curve deviation from the sinusoid in onshore general-purpose networks is carried out in the Russian Federation in accordance with GOST (Russian National Standard) 30804.4.7-2013 (IEC 61000-4-7: 2009). At offshore facilities, these indicators and their standards are defined in the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.Electric drives are one of the interharmonic components sources of current and voltage on ships. The non-linearity of the electric drives load of reciprocating compressors lies in the fact that they set in motion a mechanical load with an uneven moment of resistance, thereby creating current ripples in the windings of the electric motor. According to the carried out experimental and analytical studies, it was revealed that the current distortions during the operation of reciprocating compressors are interharmonic and reach the highest amplitude at a frequency lower than the network frequency.The use of active filters is proposed to improve the quality of electric power in the ship electric power system and to compensate for interharmonic components. The methods of designing power electronic devices have been studied. A design of an active filter on the platform of the STM32F4 debug board has been developed. The device includes a control system, power amplifiers, galvanic isolation, power supply units and power components. The elements have a replaceable modular construction, which allows the device to be used for a wide range of electric drive capacities. The controller software was developed in the MATLAB programming environment using the Simulink visualization simulation package and the Aimagin Waijung blockset. The board was also debugged and flashed. This method of implementing the software of an active filter allows not only its off-line operation, but also continuous real time data transmission to a personal computer to monitor the operation of the device.An algorithm feature of the designed active filter is the principle of operation by disturbing the reference form of the load current. The level of deviation from the reference form is read over several periods of the current sinusoid. The control system calculates the pattern of current distortion by performing a spectral analysis, and the following periods compensate for ","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124703847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use Of Solid-State Transformers As Part Of Smart Grids","authors":"B. Avdeev, A. Vyngra","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628424","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the existing grids are no longer able to cope with the requirements of the modern digital economy. In this regard, the role of unconventional sources of electricity, such as solar panels and wind farms, has increased. The growing role of direct current occurs due to the transition of the automotive industry from an internal combustion engine to an electric motor, as well as due to an increase in the service life and capacity of batteries. However, existing grids do not integrate well with receivers and sources using DC for the operation, which leads to a decrease in the quality, reliability of power supply and economic benefits. The way out of this situation is the transition from traditional to smart grids, which need to search for new methods, devices and solutions that meet the following rules: coordinated operation between DC and AC circuits with the ability to integrate batteries and charging stations; maintaining the quality of electricity in various operating modes, including off nominal ones; collection, conversion into digital form and transmission of information about the state and operating mode of the substation technological equipment and systems in real time operation; flexibility and reliability in the distribution and generation of electricity; high economic feasibility; self-diagnostic functions to ensure the detection of equipment and systems failure with an accuracy of a single module (block). At the same time, a classical transformer cannot cope with the assigned tasks; its disadvantages are given in this article. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of solid-state transformers - semiconductor AC power converters. The paper presents topologies and areas of application of classical AC and DC networks, their disadvantages. It is shown that with the development of direct current sources and consumers, problems arise with the integration of different types of current and voltage levels associated with the number of conversion steps and the quality of electricity. A block diagram of smart power supply networks based on a solid-state transformer is given with a description of what increases the overall efficiency of the network, the quality and flexibility in the distribution of electricity while reducing the number of conversion steps. The topologies of single-stage, two-stage and three-stage solid-state transformers are given and the areas of their application in different systems are shown. It has been established that for smart power supply networks, the most suitable is a three-stage topology of a solid-state transformer, which makes it possible to implement galvanic isolation with two DC-links, which will provide flexibility in switching power supply from DC to AC and vice versa, as well as increase the efficiency of the entire system as a whole.Mathematical modeling of the operation of a three-stage three-phase solid-state transformer for a symmetrical three-phase active-inductive load is presented. The ","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115949966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical And Mathematical Modeling Of Impedance-Based Fault Location Utilizing Synchrophasor Measurements","authors":"A. Yablokov, I. Ivanov, A. Tychkin, F. Kulikov, A. Murzin","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628487","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is on the impedance-based transmission line fault location via synchronized phasor measurements. Physical and mathematical modeling involving real-time digital simulations is utilized to show that synchrophasor-based fault location is promising for extra-high voltage overhead transmission lines. A variety of single-end and double-end fault location methods are put together to show that the fault location accuracy can be well within 1--2 % for both P and M class filters defined in the IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor standard. The analysis is carried out for a reliable 750 kV line model built in the ATPDraw software along with an electric grid model with 500, 330, and 220 kV overhead lines sharing the same right-of-way. Unlike many other publications, no Fourier-simulated phasors under transients are exploited. Instead, we resort to physical modeling involving hardware equipped with synchrophasor functionality. An experimental setup is described, and future research directions are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114772801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerances Of Phasor Measurement Unit. How To Take Into Account And Decrease Them","authors":"P. Avdonin, T. Klimova","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628827","url":null,"abstract":"Phasor measurements – is one of the most important technologies for measuring the electric power regime parameters, which is part of the Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control System complex. Formally, phasor measurements replace the existing systems of telemetry and distance measurements SCADA due to higher sampling rate, time synchronization and high-performance. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) having been used since early 2000s all around the world, and the potential of their application has not yet been fully disclosed. The issues of assessing the tolerances of PMU are considered in foreign literature. There is a standard [1] in Russia, which regulates the tolerances of PMU. According to the standard, class M PMU (for measurements) and class P PMU (for protection) have different permissible limits of tolerances. The standard also specifies the ranges of permissible tolerances for different operating conditions of PMU – static and dynamic. Moreover, there is a way of changing the input parameters of PMU for which the limits of permissible tolerances are specified for each of the conditions. The method of calculating the main types of tolerances (total vector error TVE, frequency measurement error FE and rate of frequency change error RFE) is also determined in standard. It is necessary to consider the reasons for the appearance of those tolerances in the conditions of changing the electric regime parameters in order to understand what determines the measurement tolerance of PMU on a real power grid.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117229974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbine–Generating Unit Model Automatic Verification Tool Design Based On PMU Data","authors":"Y. Tepikin, F. N. Gaidamakin, E. Satsuk, D. M. Dubinin","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628871","url":null,"abstract":"Quality control of mathematical simulation models of power system equipment is carried out by their verification. We assume verification is the process of mathematical model correctness estimation through comparison of the reference (measured) and the model response (simulated) signals with their current operating mode. The quality of power system equipment’s models affects the calculation tasks performance accuracy when determining appropriate modes and ensuring power systems reliable operation, upgrades monitoring and control efficiency in normal and abnormal modes, and also allows to find diagnostic solution to electrical equipment operational status in real time. Nowadays, power system equipment models are developed based on documents received from electric power facilities holders. The traditional approach is models’ parameters actualization by means of corresponding tests for it [2],[7]. It is quite an intensive and expensive procedure, therefore it is a rare case. In addition, it has a disadvantage related to the human factor. For this reason, the agenda is the \"on-line\" methods development based on PMU data [9],[10]. It is important to note that sometimes there is a need to update the model structure itself, which may have a generalized form and, thereby cause a significant error. These factors should be considered as stimuli to design the automatic verification tool for turbine-generating unit mathematical model based on PMU data. This calls for:","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128956154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Of Existing Approaches To Ensuring Information Security Of A Digital Substation","authors":"V. Karantaev, K. V. Latyshov, V.D. Uksekov, M. Malyutin, A. Guseynov","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628545","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the world has witnessed an increase in digital information in all spheres of human life. In particular, smart energy has become a vector of energy policy development in many countries. As the proportion of infocommunications technology (ICT) deployed increases, implying the widespread use of smart equipment based on digital exchange, the number of information security (IS) threats is also increasing, which shows the need and inevitability of ensuring it.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132496901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model Of 6-10 kV Power Three-Core Cable For The Research Of ITS Heating-Up In Normal And Emergency Operating Modes","authors":"D. Kutumov Yu., V. Mizonov, Shadrikova T. Yu, V. Shuin","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628771","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most significant consequences of short circuits and single phase to earth faults in 6-10 kV cable networks is cable insulation heating, which provides its further deflagration and damage of neighboring power supply systems’ elements, which steps up consequential injury. Cable lines overheating during current overload leads to rapid insulation deterioration and cable lines damage rate increasing; similarly, cable heating during single phase to earth faults leads to its transformation to phase-to-phase short circuit, which requires faulted cable line emergency shutdown by relay protection devices operation and, moreover, can aid in cable deflagration when it is installed inside cable tunnels. Reference documents contain several calculation methods for cable line temperature definition both in steady-state and transient modes [1,2]. The main disadvantages of these methods are sufficiently restricted application sphere (only for symmetrical modes) and impossibility for accurate records of thermal conductivity and other thermophysical and geometric parameters of the researched cable line and external environment (soil, air, etc). For the solution of this problem an approach, which was described by F.H. Van Wormer in the 1950s [3] and also mentioned in [4–6], exists. According to this approach, the heated cable line and external environment are presented in the form of equivalent RC-branches, which simulates the process of transition and accumulation of heat. Nevertheless, during composition of such models an issue of computational space size and appropriate sampling rate of elementary RC-branches definition occurs. The model of cable line and external environment on the basis of so-called “Markov’s chains” [for example, 5] is also the case of interest, because it will allow to research qualitative characteristics of the system “cable line – the external environment” in the context of its electromagnetic heating. The main goal of this research is to compile a digital model of 6–10 kV three-core cable line for the definition of qualitative characteristics of the system “cable line – the external environment” as the object, which is exposed to thermal effect and the research of cable and soil temperature dependence on different factors.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122089730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Copyright notice]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130283675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an automatic power restoration system in distributed networks","authors":"A. Ententeev, A. Voloshin, D. Serov, S. Usachev, R. Maksimov, Aleksey Kurganov","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628612","url":null,"abstract":"Every year the percentage of renewable energy sources (RES) in global power generation is increasing drastically. In 2020, RES power generation is higher than power from fossil fuel in European Union. In turn, in Russia, the overall rated power of RES is 3 GW and it can double in 2025 by forecasts. All of that proves the global trend for an energy transition from conventional power engineering with a huge power park, mainly based on thermal power plants, to the distributed generation with the predominant number of relatively small power-generation units based on renewable energy resources.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Of Phasor Measurment Units Operation Under Various Grid Conditions","authors":"T.G. Кlimova, A. Guseynov, M. Malyutin, V.D. Uksekov, K. V. Latyshov","doi":"10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa53216.2021.9628753","url":null,"abstract":"At the present, phasor measurement units (PMU) are widely used in systems for monitoring and analyzing the state of electrical grid. Phasor technologies allow you to solve a number of problems related to the accuracy of perception and processing of information, bandwidth, performance, etc. PMU can significantly reduce the network congestion, when transmitting the most complete information in automated control systems. However, any measuring device has measurement errors that negatively affect the quality of the information received. Measurement errors often cause inaccuracies or latency in the transmission of information to other devices. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the distribution of the PMU measurement error. As shown in [1], the main sources of PMU error are signal sensors and an algorithms for obtaining estimates of current and voltage vectors. Voltage and current transformers (VT and CT) used to feed raw data to the PMU usually have problem concerning saturation of steel core, the maximum amplitude error of measurement class transformers is 1%, protection class transformers are 10%, and the maximum phase error is 6 mrad (9 mrad for CT). VT and CT are the main source of errors for PMU [1]. In this paper, the analysis of the functioning of the PMU in case of connecting the PMU to various CT and VT is carried out. Operation errors are compared with signals from measuring CT and CT for PACS‘s purposes and more accurate sensors. The accuracy of the operation is evaluated with connecting to optical CT (TV). The greatest interest is caused by the influence of the magnetic saturation of the measuring CT on the estimation of the PMU error. PMUs operate in a network where various disturbances, including short circuits, are possible. At the same time, the short-circuit current significantly exceeds the current range at which the specified and certified accuracy of the PMU is realized. In addition, measuring current transformers have residual magnetization, which also leads to an increase the PMU errors. The paper considers the dependence of the accuracy of the PMU readings on various factors, such as the parameters of the network mode, the level of the short-circuit current, its nature (taking into account the aperiodic component), the accuracy class of the CT (VT), the location of the PMU in the secondary circuit at the power facility, various perturbations that cause a change in the state of the magnetic system of measuring CT.","PeriodicalId":343971,"journal":{"name":"2021 4th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA)","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131934348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}