Scientific Investigations Report最新文献

{"title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2007-08","authors":"J. Fisher, Brian V. Twining","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121811006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bathymetric surveys at Highway Bridges Crossing the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, using a multibeam echo sounder, 2010.","authors":"R. Huizinga","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125036330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater-flow assessment of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas","authors":"J. Czarnecki","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105210","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effects of groundwater withdrawals within the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer of northeastern Arkansas, three hypothetical scenarios were simulated for three different withdrawal rates and distributions for the period 1918-2050. These scenarios were simulated, in part, to allow assessment of the role that pumping in Jackson and Woodruff Counties has on water levels and flow rates into and out of the cone of depression located along the western side of Crowleys Ridge. In scenario 1 (the baseline scenario), the 2005 pumping rate is applied from 2005 through 2050 without change. In scenario 2, pumping is the same as in scenario 1 except that the pumping rate in Jefferson and Woodruff Counties is specified as zero from 1998 to 2050. In scenario 3, pumping is the same as in scenario 1 except that the pumping rate in Jefferson and Woodruff Counties is specified as half the rate specified for stress periods from 1998 to 2050. Water-level contours are presented for each of the scenarios at various simulation times noted in days from the start of the simulation, beneath the clock in the upper righthand corner. Each tick of the clock represents 5 years. In addition, particle tracks are plotted in red, beginning at various starting locations (black dots) distributed throughout the model area. Note that some particle tracks are deflected from their initial trajectories as cones of depression develop with time and as withdrawals increase.","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Highway Road Salting on the Water Quality of Selected Streams in Chittenden County, Vermont, November 2005-2007","authors":"J. Denner, S. Clark, T. E. Smith, L. Medalie","doi":"10.3133/SIR20095236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20095236","url":null,"abstract":"A study of road-deicing chloride (Cl) concentrations and loads was conducted at three streams in Chittenden County, VT from November 2005 to 2007. This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Vermont Agency of Transportation. The streams, Alder Brook, Allen Brook, and Mill Brook, were selected to represent different land uses in the upstream watershed, different road types and densities, and different geometric patterns of the roadway draining to the receiving stream to assess the relative contribution of and differences in state road salt applications to steam Cl concentrations and loads. Water-quality samples were collected and specific conductance was measured continuously at paired stations upstream and downstream from State highways and related to Cl concentrations to assist in determining the effects of road-salting operations during winter maintenance on the levels of Cl in streams. Cl applied by the State of Vermont for deicing purposes represented less than 20 percent of the annual estimated Cl loads in all 3 streams below the state highways. None of the monitored Cl concentrations in the water-quality samples collected at the three paired sampling stations exceeded either of the US. Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) recommended chronic and acute Cl toxicity criteria of 230 and 860 mg/L, respectively.","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow groundwater quality in the Village of Patchogue, Suffolk County, New York","authors":"I. Abbene","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105132","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Village of Patchogue and the New York Department of State, collected water quality samples from 10 shallow wells within the village to document the effects of onsite wastewater disposal on groundwater that discharges to the Patchogue River. The onsite disposal of wastewater within the Patchogue River basin—a riverine estuary that discharges into Great South Bay, Suffolk County, Long Island, N.Y. —has adversely affected water quality and aquatic habitats within both the tidal and nontidal portions of the river. Of particular concern are increases in nutrient concentrations (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphorus), which can lead to eutrophication in receiving waters. Among the undesirable effects of eutrophication are an increase in water turbidity, odors at low tide, algal blooms, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration, which can result in fish and shellfish mortality. In response to increased development within the approximately 14 squaremile basin, the Village of Patchogue has begun to develop a Local Waterfront Revitalization Plan that will guide efforts to improve water quality of the Patchogue River and the adjacent Great South Bay estuary.","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125953634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of Flow Logs from Nevada Test Site Boreholes to Estimate Hydraulic conductivity Using Numerical Simulations Constrained by Single-Well Aquifer Tests","authors":"C. A. Garcia, K. Halford, R. J. Laczniak","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105004","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic conductivities of volcanic and carbonate lithologic units at the Nevada Test Site were estimated from flow logs and aquifer-test data. Borehole flow and drawdown were integrated and interpreted using a radial, axisymmetric flow model, AnalyzeHOLE. This integrated approach is used because complex well completions and heterogeneous aquifers and confining units produce vertical flow in the annular space and aquifers adjacent to the wellbore. AnalyzeHOLE simulates vertical flow, in addition to horizontal flow, which accounts for converging flow toward screen ends and diverging flow toward transmissive intervals. Simulated aquifers and confining units uniformly are subdivided by depth into intervals in which the hydraulic conductivity is estimated with the Parameter ESTimation (PEST) software. Between 50 and 150 hydraulic-conductivity parameters were estimated by minimizing weighted differences between simulated and measured flow and drawdown. Transmissivity estimates from single-well or multiple-well aquifer tests were used to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity. The distribution of hydraulic conductivity within each lithology had a minimum variance because estimates were constrained with Tikhonov regularization. AnalyzeHOLE simulated hydraulic-conductivity estimates for lithologic units across screened and cased intervals are as much as 100 times less than those estimated using proportional flow-log analyses applied across screened intervals only. Smaller estimates of hydraulic conductivity for individual lithologic units are simulated because sections of the unit behind cased intervals of the wellbore are not assumed to be impermeable, and therefore, can contribute flow to the wellbore. Simulated hydraulic-conductivity estimates vary by more than three orders of magnitude across a lithologic unit, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity in volcanic and carbonate-rock units. The higher water transmitting potential of carbonate-rock units relative to volcanic-rock units is exemplified by the large difference in their estimated maximum hydraulic conductivity; 4,000 and 400 feet per day, respectively. Simulated minimum estimates of hydraulic conductivity are inexact and represent the lower detection limit of the method. Minimum thicknesses of lithologic intervals also were defined for comparing AnalyzeHOLE results to hydraulic properties in regional ground-water flow models.","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132350336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel Change and Bed-Material Transport in the Lower Chetco River, Oregon","authors":"J. R. Wallick, S. W. Anderson, C. Cannon, Jim E O 'connor, Marcia K Mcnutt, J. R. Wallick, S. W. Anderson, O. Connor","doi":"10.3133/SIR20105065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20105065","url":null,"abstract":"For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114922897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression Equations for Estimation of Annual Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Undeveloped Watersheds in Texas Using an L-moment-Based, PRESS-Minimized, Residual-Adjusted Approach","authors":"W. Asquith, M. Roussel","doi":"10.3133/SIR20095087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20095087","url":null,"abstract":"Annual peak-streamflow frequency estimates are needed for flood-plain management; for objective assessment of flood risk; for cost-effective design of dams, levees, and other flood-control structures; and for design of roads, bridges, and culverts. Annual peak-streamflow frequency represents the peak streamflow for nine recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, and 500 years. Common methods for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for ungaged or unmonitored watersheds are regression equations for each recurrence interval developed for one or more regions; such regional equations are the subject of this report. The method is based on analysis of annual peak-streamflow data from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations (stations). Beginning in 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and in partnership with Texas Tech University, began a 3-year investigation concerning the development of regional equations to estimate annual peak-streamflow frequency for undeveloped watersheds in Texas. The investigation focuses primarily on 638 stations with 8 or more years of data from undeveloped watersheds and other criteria. The general approach is explicitly limited to the use of L-moment statistics, which are used in conjunction with a technique of multi-linear regression referred to as PRESS minimization. The approach used to develop the regional equations, which was refined during the investigation, is referred to as the “L-moment-based, PRESS-minimized, residual-adjusted approach.” For the approach, seven unique distributions are fit to the sample L-moments of the data for each of 638 stations and trimmed means of the seven results of the distributions for each recurrence interval are used to define the station-specific, peak-streamflow frequency. As a first iteration of regression, nine weighted-least-squares, PRESS-minimized, multi-linear regression equations are computed using the watershed characteristics of drainage area, dimensionless main-channel slope, and mean annual precipitation. The residuals of the nine equations are spatially mapped, and residuals for the 10-year recurrence interval are selected for generalization to 1-degree latitude and longitude quadrangles. The generalized residual is referred to as the OmegaEM parameter and represents a generalized terrain and climate index that expresses peak-streamflow potential not otherwise represented in the three watershed characteristics. The OmegaEM parameter was assigned to each station, and using OmegaEM, nine additional regression equations are computed. Because of favorable diagnostics, the OmegaEM equations are expected to be generally reliable estimators of peak-streamflow frequency for undeveloped and ungaged stream locations in Texas. The mean residual standard error, adjusted R-squared, and percentage reduction of PRESS by use of OmegaEM are 0.30 log10, 0.86, and −21 percent, respectively. Inclusion of the Om","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130235101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Exposure to Lahar Hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington","authors":"N. Wood, C. Soulard","doi":"10.3133/SIR20095211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20095211","url":null,"abstract":"..........................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122549172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USGS River Ecosystem Modeling: Where Are We, How Did We Get Here, and Where Are We Going?","authors":"Leanne Hanson, R. Schrock, T. Waddle, J. Duda, Bill Lellis","doi":"10.3133/SIR20095018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/SIR20095018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343946,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122235882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}