Kun Woong Lee , Dong Su Kim , Su Yeon Jung , Joohoon Kang , Hyung Koun Cho
{"title":"Oxygen network formation for efficient charge transport and durable BiVO4 photoanodes with ultra-thin TiO2 layer in solar water splitting","authors":"Kun Woong Lee , Dong Su Kim , Su Yeon Jung , Joohoon Kang , Hyung Koun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>) has emerged as a prominent oxide semiconductor in solar water splitting investigations owing to facile synthesis and favorable band-alignment with the water oxidation level. Oxygen and oxygen vacancies (V<sub>O</sub>) within the BiVO<sub>4</sub> exhibit multifaceted roles across bulk, surface, and interface. This study presents a method for selectively regulating the surface and bulk V<sub>O</sub> in BiVO<sub>4</sub> through facile chemical redox reactions. A large amount of V<sub>O</sub> on the BiVO<sub>4</sub> surface enables the formation of a robust networking interface with oxide-based protection overlayers, whereas V<sub>O</sub> in bulk region must be effectively suppressed. A significant amount of V<sub>O</sub> can be specifically formed on the BiVO<sub>4</sub> surface via a controlled surface chemical reduction reaction (SCR) at the atomic level, precisely controlling the presence of O<sup>2-</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup> ions. Here, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyze V<sub>O</sub> changes and the impact of V<sub>O</sub> on photoelectrochemical operation. As a result, The SCR process allows for the strategic control of the BiVO<sub>4</sub> surface into a V<sub>O</sub>-rich surface. The controlled surface enhances the charge kinetic by promoting the conformal coating of a n-TiO<sub>2</sub> protective layer and decreasing the charge loss in the interface junction with ensuring stability. Furthermore, the SCR-BiVO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CoPi photoanodes exhibit a highly stable photocurrent density of 3.9 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.23 V<sub>RHE</sub>. Surface modification and understanding of the oxygen-end network can be broadly applied to photoelectrodes that require oxide-based overlays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A current review of TiO2 thin films: synthesis and modification effect to the mechanism and photocatalytic activity","authors":"D’ April Sabriantie Mulus , Muhamad Diki Permana , Yusi Deawati , Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysts in the form of thin films such as TiO<sub>2</sub> show great potential for various applications due to their ease of separation after use and their diverse synthesis processes. However, pure TiO<sub>2</sub> has some intrinsic limitations, such as a wide bandgap (∼3.2 eV) which lowers its visible-light absorption and fast recombination of electrons and holes. Thus, it is necessary to modify TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film to increase its photocatalysis efficiency and overcome these problems. This review examines reports over the past 10 years on TiO<sub>2</sub> thin-film modification strategies using metal and non-metal modifiers with detailed possible mechanisms of modified TiO<sub>2</sub> thin-film including optical modification and heterostructure formation. Recent advancements indicate that modifications can reduce the band gap 0.14–0.85 eV lower compared to pure TiO<sub>2</sub> and several modified photocatalysts can degrade >90 % of pollutant molecules. This review also highlights the effect of synthesis methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, magnetron sputtering, atomic layer, and chemical vapor deposition on the film properties. The different methods lead to different properties including morphology, defects, optical properties, crystal structure, and roughness. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of synthesis methods, mechanisms, and performance enhancements, offering insights into the future design of high-efficiency TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film-based photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartosz Zawadzki, Marta Valaskova, Alexandr Martaus, Jiri Pavlovsky, Kamila Koci
{"title":"Effect of sodium doping in NiO/Vermiculite composite on photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol-water decomposition","authors":"Bartosz Zawadzki, Marta Valaskova, Alexandr Martaus, Jiri Pavlovsky, Kamila Koci","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the efficiency of sodium-doped NiO/vermiculite (Vm) composites as photocatalysts for hydrogen production via methanol-water decomposition under UV irradiation. Using natural vermiculite as a support, NiO was introduced as a p-type semiconductor, and sodium doping was achieved using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>). Three synthesis methods - dry synthesis by milling, capillary impregnation, and wet impregnation were investigated for their influence on the structural, textural, optical, and electrical properties and the photocatalytic activity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed successful incorporation of NiO and sodium into the vermiculite matrix. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated that sodium doping enhances the stability and activity of the photocatalysts by reducing electron-hole recombination rates, with NaOH proving to be a more effective sodium source than NaNO<sub>3</sub>. Among the samples, those synthesized via capillary impregnation (NiO(OH)/Vm-C) and dry synthesis (NiO(OH)/Vm-M) showed the highest hydrogen yields (550 and 540 μmol/g cat., respectively) due to optimal crystallite size (∼22–23 nm) and defect-induced charge transfer efficiency. This is the first study to systematically investigate the role of sodium doping in NiO/clay-based photocatalysts and to reveal clear structure–property–activity correlations based on synthesis method and dopant type. The findings highlight the potential of Na-doped NiO/Vm composites as cost-effective and scalable photocatalysts for hydrogen production. The insights gained here lay the foundation for further development of layered, clay-supported photocatalysts beyond conventional oxide systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amperometric sensing of prostate cancer biomarker (Sarcosine) using HiPIMS deposited nickel nitride films-decorated zinc oxide nanorod heterostructures","authors":"Nishchal Pardhi , Wei-Chun Cheng , Sheng-Chi Chen , Hui Sun , Mani Govindasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For diseases like cancer, delayed diagnosis has been the foremost reason behind the excessive mortality rate among human beings in recent times. Thus, there is a great need to develop a very efficient electrode that can detect cancer-related cells early to instigate the diagnosis. Sarcosine (Sar) is one of the promising prostate cancer biomarkers. However, the low concentration of Sar in the body limits the ability of biosensors to detect the exact level. The present research reports the development of nickel nitride (Ni<sub>3</sub>N) films using the sustainable manufacturing technique high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and hydrothermally grown zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO NR)-based heterostructure over an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of Sar. The fabricated heterostructure has been characterized using XRD, XPS, FESEM, and TEM analysis to determine the phase structure, chemical state of elements, surface morphology, and microstructure, respectively. The linear range, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LOD) possessed by the electrode are 0.3–62.4 μM, 899.89 μA/mMcm<sup>2</sup>, and 0.131 μM, respectively, in the lower concentration regime. The linear range and sensitivity are calculated in a high concentration regime as 110.4–6260.4 μM and 123.33 μA/mMcm<sup>2</sup>. The electrode shows excellent selectivity towards Sar, repeatability with a reduction in current response to 2.51 % of the initial current response after 30 days of storage at room temperature, reproducibility, and a short response time of 4.1 s on average for the detection of Sar. Finally, the electrode was utilized to detect the Sar concentration in actual samples like blood serum and urine, which resembles the commercially available detection technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100741"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved performance of lateral β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes by nitrogen thermal annealing","authors":"Yu-Ru Li , Anoop Kumar Singh , Yu-Cheng Kao , Dong-Sing Wuu , Ching-Lien Hsiao , Kenneth Järrendahl , Ray-Hua Horng","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the growth of <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>01</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo><mrow><mspace></mspace></mrow></mrow></math></span>β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> epilayers on sapphire substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the fabrication of lateral Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). Ti/Al/Ni/Au layers with respective thicknesses of 20/300/40/50 nm were deposited as the ohmic electrodes, followed by the deposition of 50/50 nm Ni/Au layers as the Schottky electrodes in lateral SBDs. The performance and characteristics of the SBDs were evaluated using I-V measurements and breakdown analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies on the epilayer surface degraded the contact quality between the electrodes and β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, resulting in reduced current conduction at high bias, higher reverse leakage, and premature breakdown due to defects. To address these issues, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment under nitrogen ambience was performed at 550 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C temperatures for 60 s after ohmic electrode deposition to enhance SBD performance by improving contact quality and reducing interface defects. The RTA treatment reduced the proportion of oxygen vacancies, leading to significant improvements in SBD characteristics. The on-off current ratio increased from 5.56 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1.30 × 10<sup>7</sup> in addition to the breakdown voltage 173 V to 263 V. These results demonstrate the critical role of RTA treatment under nitrogen ambience in optimizing β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based SBDs and highlight its potential for next-generation power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Italiano , Gabriel Marino , Minju Thomas , Benjamin Hary , Steve Nardone , Simon Richard , Assia Saker , Damien Tasso , Nicolas Meynet , Pierre Olivier , Fausto Gallucci , Antonio Vita
{"title":"Combined dip/spin coating deposition of Ni/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 onto 3D printed AlSi10Mg Periodic Open Cellular Structures (POCS)","authors":"Cristina Italiano , Gabriel Marino , Minju Thomas , Benjamin Hary , Steve Nardone , Simon Richard , Assia Saker , Damien Tasso , Nicolas Meynet , Pierre Olivier , Fausto Gallucci , Antonio Vita","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of catalyst formulations and coating procedures on the deposition of thin active layers based on Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> and Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> onto AlSi10Mg Periodic Open Cellular Structures (POCS) with cylindrical shape (10 mm diameter and 15 mm length) was experimentally assessed in this work. An aqueous liquid medium based on water, glycerol, and polyvinyl alcohol was used for powder dispersion, while a combined dip- /spin- coating technique was chosen for washcoat deposition on metallic 3D printed structures characterized by Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) and Kelvin unit cells. The rheological behaviour of the prepared slurry was also studied. Multiple depositions with intermediate flash drying steps at 450 °C were carried out. Washcoat loads of about 15 % (0.1 g cm<sup>−3</sup>) were obtained. The used powders were characterized by BET, XRD and pycnometry, instead, the as built and activated supports were characterized by SEM/EDX and pycnometry. No pore clogging phenomena were observed and irrespective of the geometry used, the layers are deposited homogeneously. Adhesion of the deposited layers, evaluated by means of accelerated stress test in ultrasound bath, pointed out that the thermal/anodization pre-treatment of support as well as the use of Disperal P2® as primer, play a crucial role in achieving high mechanical stability associated with weight loss between 0.86 and 12.7wt %. Finally, preliminary catalytic activity tests were performed to evaluate the impact of POCS morphology on performance. The Kelvin structure exhibited superior efficiency in methane steam reforming (SR) at low temperatures, attributed to its optimized pore network and improved distribution of the active phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juyoung Chae , Jonghyun Bae , Yoonseo Jang , Dohwan Jung , Sangoh Han , Prakash R. Sultane , Christopher W. Bielawski , Jungwoo Oh
{"title":"Low-temperature thermal atomic layer deposition of beryllium oxide films using discrete feeding methods","authors":"Juyoung Chae , Jonghyun Bae , Yoonseo Jang , Dohwan Jung , Sangoh Han , Prakash R. Sultane , Christopher W. Bielawski , Jungwoo Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate a new approach for Beryllium Oxide (BeO) film deposition using a discrete feeding method (DFM) to achieve low-temperature thermal atomic layer deposition (ThALD). Typically, BeO film deposition using ThALD at low temperatures leads to a low density and high carbon impurities, which degrade the electrical properties. To overcome this issue, the DFM was applied to successfully deposit BeO films at 150 °C, resulting in a significant improvement in the electrical performance compared to that obtained with the conventional ThALD process. Although previous studies on the DFM have focused on improving the growth properties of thin films and demonstrating the advantages of the method, this is the first study to investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of films grown using the DFM in ALD. At 150 °C, the film density of BeO grown by discrete feeding thermal ALD (DF-ThALD) was 2.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which is higher than that of films grown by the conventional ThALD process. The leakage current density was reduced to 3.7 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm<sup>2</sup> at -1 MV/cm, representing a reduction of approximately five orders of magnitude. Hence, the results of this study highlight the effectiveness of the DFM in improving the quality of BeO films in low-temperature ThALD processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana M. Vilas , Mónica Fernández-Arias , Mohamed Boutinguiza , Daniel Rodríguez , Eugenio Solla , Tània Vilella , Jesús del Val , A. Riveiro , Javier Gil , Juan Pou
{"title":"Bimetallic Pd/CuO nanoparticles obtained by laser re-irradiation in liquids for antibacterial applications","authors":"Ana M. Vilas , Mónica Fernández-Arias , Mohamed Boutinguiza , Daniel Rodríguez , Eugenio Solla , Tània Vilella , Jesús del Val , A. Riveiro , Javier Gil , Juan Pou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a major global health problem of the 21st century. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as a promising tool to fight against resistant infections. In this research, we explore bimetallic NPs, as they can give rise to further and improved physicochemical and biological properties. In this work, monometallic Cu/CuO and Pd NPs were synthesized by laser ablation. Afterwards, these NPs were mixed and the resulting colloidal solution was multiply re-irradiated with the aim of producing Pd/CuO bimetallic NPs. All the NPs presented rounded shape and crystalline microstructure. Although the re-irradiated NPs contained both precursor materials, all characterization techniques agreed on the occurrence of an intermetallic alloy of both materials, Cu<sub>3</sub>Pd, that is concluded to be formed as a consequence of the interaction between the laser beam and the mixture of monometallic NPs. With the objective of studying antimicrobial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, the CuO NPs, Pd NPs and Pd/CuO NPs were immobilized on the surface of titanium discs. Ion release was tracked during the first 24 h and cytotoxicity of the immobilized NPs was as well tested with HFF-1 human fibroblast cell line. Bimetallic Pd/CuO NPs showed a significant inhibitory effect on <em>S. aureus</em> and no toxic impact on fibroblasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio de Nigris , Giuseppe Quero , Giuseppe Peter Vanoli , Luigi Ambrosone
{"title":"Surface properties of nanostructured alginate-based bioprinted patches","authors":"Antonio de Nigris , Giuseppe Quero , Giuseppe Peter Vanoli , Luigi Ambrosone","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gels of alginate/poly-vinyl alcohol, alginate/poly-vinyl alcohol/indocyanine green freely dispersed and alginate/poly-vinyl alcohol/indocyanine green dispersed liposomes were used to bioprint three different patches. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that the crosslinking with calcium chloride has an effect on surface topography, which causes the formation of aggregates, pores and regular asperities. The atomic force microscopy analysis quantifies the pores distribution and measures surface rugosity. The number and surface area of pores is reduced for systems containing free dye and even more for dye-loaded liposomes. A finer scan on surface allowed for the characterization of liposome aggregations on the surface. Their dimensions are identical to those measured in the aqueous dispersions upstream. Furthermore, surface roughness of samples containing free and/or encapsulated dye is significantly reduced. Intrusive chemical species in the gel interact with the matrix and smooth the cross-linking contraction. Planarized measurement of the nanovesicles dimensions disclose that their shape and diameter are preserved, having a peak at 120 nm. Fibre optics reflectance spectra were performed to investigate the interactions between light and the surfaces of the patches. They reveal that liposomes protect the dye from light degradation and aggregation. Transmittance measurements were renormalized to calculate absorbance spectra and compare them with those in aqueous dispersion. Patches with liposomes containing the dye present classical sharp optical spectra centred at 800 nm, similar to the spectrum of a dye-loaded liposomal dispersion in water. Besides, the patch with dye freely dispersed is attenuated and enlarged, suggesting that the dye is forming less responsive stacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}