Journal of Modern Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Language Screening in Toddlers With Cleft Lips and or Palates: A Pilot Study","authors":"N. Jalilevand, Maryam Tarameshlu, Narges Moein, Arash Bordbar","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with cleft lips and or palates are at risk for speech and language disorders. Early speech and language intervention help them to advance their full speech and language abilities. This study aimed to determine whether language abilities in toddlers with oral clefts would differ from those of normal children. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study recruited 2 groups of children aged 12 to 24 months. The toddlers with cleft lips and or palates as a group of children with orofacial anomalies were born at Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 in Tehran City, Iran. The parents of non cleft children and those with oral clefts answered the questions of the verbal and non-verbal communication screening checklist for Persian-speaking children. \u0000Results: The results showed significant differences between the scores of the receptive- expressive language achieved by toddlers with clefts and non-clefts peers aged 12-18 months (P<0.05) and 18-24 months (P<0.05). But the results showed no significant differences between the non cleft toddlers and those with clefts in non-verbal communication (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The toddlers with orofacial anomalies need early speech and language intervention.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Flexion-Relaxation Ratio Symmetry in Subjects With and Without Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain","authors":"Hasan Shamsi, K. Khademi, F. Okhovatian","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9305","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neuromuscular imbalance between right and left sides of Cervical Erector Spinae (CES) muscles can induce pain by applying the asymmetric loads on the spine incorrectly. This study evaluated the symmetry of the right and left cervical flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) in patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain (NSCNP) and healthy subjects. We aimed to investigate the symmetry of FRR on the right and left sides of the CES muscles in individuals with and without NSCNP. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients with NSCNP and 25 healthy subjects participated in this study. The surface electromyography activity of CES muscles during four phases of flexion and extension tasks were measured and recorded. Unilateral FRR in the right and left sides of CES muscles was calculated and compared in each group. \u0000Results: Only in NSCNP patients, FRR in the right CES muscle was significantly higher than that in the left one (P<0.05). Also, FRR for bilateral CES muscles was significantly higher in healthy subjects than in NSCNP patients (P<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: The study results indicated a greater FRR asymmetry in CES muscles in NSCNP patients than in healthy subjects. This asymmetry is probably due to the dominance of the limb. Moreover, asymmetric FRR as a kind of neuromuscular imbalance may cause pain due to imposing asymmetric loads on spine structures.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait Abnormalities in a Patient With the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion: A Case Studied With Gait Analysis","authors":"Di Lorenzo Luigi, Falzarano Carmela, Cocozza Raimondo, Marano Paolo, Golini Vincenzo, Ventre Itala","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9307","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hyponatremia, defined as serum sodium concentration <136 mEq/l, represents one of the most challenging clinical disorder in geriatric rehabilitative settings . It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia can be often followed by neurological symptoms caused by cerebral oedema and in severe hyponatremia, patients frequently experience balance disorder and a high risk of falls. \u0000Materials and Method: We report the case of a female patient, followed after an accurate diagnostic work-up for a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH). Hyponatremia was initially treated with hypertonic saline infusion and then with fluid restriction. In consideration of the poor response to fluid restriction, treatment with tolvaptan was started. The patient experienced walking problems and was evaluated with an EMG computed Gait Analysis before and after that sodium level was normalized. \u0000Results: Gait analysis carried out highlighted neuromuscular  instability  with alteration  of the time parameter and spatial postural deficit. Once corrected the hyposodiemia the patient showed a marked improvement in neuromuscular control with normalization of the temporal and spatial parameter of the step. \u0000Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of the patient with SIADH are related to the severity of hyponatremia and the speed with which the sodium deficit is established. The criteria for the diagnosis of SIADH in a patient with hypotonic hyponatremia remain those established by Bartter and Schwartz in 1967. Our suggestions is so to monitor balance and gait disorders and perform serial measurements of urine and serum osmolarity during rehabilitation process in order to prevent unbalance and falling.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46947584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the Combined Memory Training Program on Memory Skills and School Achievement of Children With Specific Learning Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Nasrin Nazok, M. Akbarfahimi, Amin Ghaffari, A. Parand","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9304","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) suffer from some cognitive deficits affecting their school achievement. This study investigated the effect of the combined Working Memory Training Program (WMTP) with the Caillou program (the game-like features of computerized cognitive training programs) on memory (as a cognitive function) and academic achievement in children with SLD. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial study, 30 children with SLD, aged 8-11 years, participated. They were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 20 training sessions in 10 weeks, each lasting 30-45 minutes. The control group only participated in the assessment sessions. The primary outcome was verbal working memory skills assessed by the digit span and letter-number sequencing subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the fourth edition (WISC-IV). Also, the grades of science, literature, and mathematics were collected as the secondary outcomes. Children were assessed 3 times: baseline (pre-test), after the intervention (post-test), and 2 months after the intervention (follow-up). \u0000Results: Working memory (digit span and letter-number sequencing scores) and mathematics grades were significantly improved in the intervention group, as compared to the control group at the post-test session (P<0.05) and remained in the follow-up session. \u0000Conclusion: Although this combined program effectively improves working memory and mathematic grades, further research is suggested for more academic achievement.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43295377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Linear and Nonlinear Indices of EEG Change in the Stroop Color and Word Test","authors":"V. Sobhani, Z. Rezvani, G. Meftahi, Fahimeh Ghahvehchi-Hosseini, B. Hatef","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9300","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study evaluated the brain activity based on the linear and nonlinear features of surface electroencephalography (EEG) in the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the effect of learning in the test response and related EEG features. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 21 women and 19 men with physical and mental health participated in this study. Four stages of this SCWT, consistently in the first and second stages and inconsistently in the third and fourth stages, were taken twice by the participants with a 10-min interval. Besides, EEG recording was simultaneously taken for 1 minute at each stage. \u0000Results: The number of correct responses in the inconsistent stages was lower than that in the consistent stages, while the delay of correct responses was more in the consistent stages. EEG features showed that the relative power band of alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) frequency reduced during the test compared to the resting state. In contrast, the gamma 2 (40-50 Hz) frequency band showed a significant increase. There was no significant difference between various stages of the test and between two repetitions in the test indices and EEG features. \u0000Conclusion: Compared to the resting state, the relative power of alpha 1 and gamma 2 frequency bands changed during SCWT without considering the stage of the test.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sagittal Spinal Mobility and Back Extensor Muscle Function in Older Females With Age-related hyperkyphosis","authors":"Tayebeh Roghani, A. Gladin, S. Talebian, M. Khalkhali Zavieh, Hoda Niknam, W. Katzman","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i2.9306","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Spinal range of motion (ROM) is a potential and modifiable variable  that  may contribute to the maintenance of upright  sagittal  alignment. The present  study aimed  to compare spinal ROM in older females with and without hyperkyphosis and investigate associations between thoracic kyphosis and spinal ROM, back extensor strength (BES), and back extensor endurance (BEE). \u0000Materials and Methods: Sagittal spinal curvature and ROM were measured with the Spinal Mouse. Also, BES and BEE were assessed with a load cell. Variables were compared between older females with and without hyperkyphosis with the independent sample t test. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate associations between variables. Multiple linear regression was used to find which variable is best associated with kyphosis. \u0000Results: Lumbar and total spinal ROM were lower in the hyperkyphosis compared to the normal group (P<0.05). Thoracic kyphosis was associated with total lumbar ROM (r=-0.30, P=0.03), total spinal ROM (r=-0.35, P=0.01), BES (r=-0.73, P< 0.001), and BEE (r=-0.60, P< \u00000.001). Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, weight, and BMI showed that BES (P<0.001) and BEE (P=0.01) but not spinal ROM (P=0.16) were significantly associated with thoracic kyphosis. \u0000Conclusion: Females with hyperkyphosis had lower spinal ROM than those with normal kyphosis. While thoracic kyphosis was significantly associated with total lumbar ROM, total spinal ROM, BES, and BEE, multivariate regression showed that ROM was not a significant contributor to thoracic kyphosis. BES and BEE were significant contributors to thoracic kyphosis and should be targeted in the rehabilitation of hyperkyphosis.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41955040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Myofascial Release Therapy on the Cardiorespiratory Functions in Patients With COVID-19","authors":"S. Fereydounnia, A. Shadmehr, Alireza Tahmasbi","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8569","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Myofascial Release Therapy (MRT) on cardiorespiratory functions in patients with COVID-19. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 36 patients with COVID-19 (intervention group=20, controls=16) were included in the present study. The patients in the intervention group participated in a single session of suboccipital, anterior thoracic and sternal, anterior cervical, and diaphragm myofascial release techniques, plus respiratory physiotherapy. The controls just received respiratory physiotherapy. Before-after assessments included recording heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, chest expansion, and breathing comfort. \u0000Results: There was a significant reduction in the heart rate and ease of breathing in the intervention group (P=0.04, P=0.02; respectively); also, the diastolic blood pressure increased significantly in the control group (P=0.02). Compared to the controls, the ease of breathing decreased significantly in the intervention group (P=0.03). \u0000Conclusion: Myofascial release techniques of the neck, thoracic, and diaphragm, along with respiratory physiotherapy, could immediately affect heart rate and ease of breathing and prevent increasing diastolic blood pressure. If a patient with COVID-19 is stable, pulmonary physiotherapists may consider using these techniques while monitoring cardiopulmonary function.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticomuscular Adaptations in the SingleLeg Jump Task in Response to Progressive Mechanical Perturbation Training in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency","authors":"S. Jomhouri, S. Talebian, mohammad Vaez Mousavi, Bosra Hatef, Seyed Hamid Sadjadi-Hazaveh","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8572","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies have repeatedly discussed the importance of training with sufficient cognitive and sensory-motor challenges in successfully transferring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiencies (ACLDs) from rehabilitation centers to sports facilities. For this purpose, this study investigated the effect of mechanical perturbation training and standard training on the brain and muscle activity of these individuals while jumping on one leg. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 30 athletes with unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture (in the coper classification) were randomly assigned to perturbation and standard training groups. To compare the effect of two types of intervention training methods, we examined the Similarity Index (SI) and Voluntary Response Index (VRI) in surface Electromyography (sEMG) tests of eight muscles in the lower extremities and relative power of alpha and beta spectra in Quantitative Electroencephalographic (QEEG) tests between two groups and between two limbs of each group members in the single-leg jump task. \u0000Results: Both training groups showed improved neuromuscular control and increased SI on sEMG tests between the two limbs. However, this improvement in the perturbation training group showed an excellent increase in Effect Size (ES) (intra-group comparison values of SI for perturbation training group P=0.0001, ES=3.6; and P=0.008, ES=1.24 in the standard training group; and P=0.04, ES=0.87 in the inter-group comparison). Regarding the post-test of QEEG tests, no significant difference was found between the two groups (alpha P-value: 0.13, beta P-value: 0.07). However, in the intra-group comparison, the perturbation training group achieved excellent symmetry for the relative power spectrum of alpha and beta signals (the similarity values between the two limbs in the perturbation training group for alpha were P=0.92, ES=0.04 and for beta were P=0.92, ES=0.02; and these values for standard training group for alpha were P=0.07, ES=0.86 and for beta as P=0.08, ES=0.87). \u0000Conclusion: The present study results showed that mechanical perturbation and standard training are suitable for transporting ACLDs to sports environments. Furthermore, in comparing these two training methods, mechanical perturbation training in the manner used in this study has higher adequacy to eliminate motor control and central nervous system defects.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pulsed Ultrasound on Knee Joint Friction and Inflammation in Non-traumatic Experimental Osteoarthritis","authors":"Mahmoud Ahmadi Fakhreh, G. Torkaman, R. Ravanbod","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8562","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most important etiologies of pain and disability among adults. The effects of pulsed Ultrasound (US) on pain reduction and joint function have been proven, but its role on joint friction and inflammatory mediators is still unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of US on knee joint friction and inflammation in non-traumatic experimental knee OA. \u0000Materials and Methods: Forty-eight guinea pigs were randomly assigned into four groups: OA+US, OA+US sham, 30 days after OA induction (OA30), and normal control (n=12 for each group). OA was induced by intra-articular injection of 3 mg/kg of Mono-Iodoacetate (MIA) in the animal’s left knee. Joint circumstance and weight of the animals were measured at baseline, before (i.e., after 30 days of MIA injection), and after US treatment. Joint friction was evaluated by a pendulum friction tester system. Cytokine levels, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interleukin (IL)-1β, were measured by the ELISA method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to study the relationships between friction and inflammation variables. \u0000Results: Joint circumference was increased in the OA30 group. Joint friction variables, including exponential curve fitting, cycle number, and friction coefficient, were significantly better in the US group (P<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine levels were significantly lower in the US group. A significant positive correlation was observed between joint friction indices and TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine levels (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: US was an effective approach for reducing joint friction and inflammation in OA30. Moreover, the relationship between knee joint friction and inflammation could help us better understand the etiology, mechanism, and treatment strategies of this disease. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory and Vestibular Complaints Among COVID-19 Patients: A Descriptive Survey of 300 Young Patients Over a 3-Month Follow-up Period","authors":"Zahra Shahidipour, N. Rouhbakhsh, Elham Tavanai","doi":"10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i1.8564","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, presenting a wide range of symptoms. Most of the reported symptoms are commonly related to the respiratory system; however, over time, the disease has shown new diverse signs and symptoms. Recent studies have suggested that COVID-19 may affect the auditory and vestibular systems. Besides, little is known about symptoms that persist after the recovery. This study aimed to investigate the general characteristics and especially auditory and vestibular symptoms in young COVID-19 patients over a 3-month follow-up. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants aged 25-45 years took part in this cohort study. They were diagnosed with COVID-19, according to radiographical abnormalities on CT scan and or PCR test, and were in good health based on medical history. Patients who had a history of hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, or any disease associated with auditory and vestibular disorders and who were hospitalized and received drugs were excluded. We collected patients’ demographics, some common symptoms, and their complaints (acute phase), and 1 month and 3 months later (follow-up phases) using a checklist of symptoms. The participants were asked to describe their chief complaints and, in particular, whether they had any complaints of hearing problems, tinnitus, rotatory vertigo, and aural fullness, or even changes in these symptoms over these periods. \u0000Results: Auditory and vestibular symptoms were observed in a small percentage of COVID-19 patients and were not their chief complaints. Overall, among 300 patients, only about 5% of patients (15 cases) expressed rotatory vertigo, 4% (12 cases) aural fullness, 2.66% (8 cases) tinnitus, and 2.66% (8 cases) hearing problem in the acute phase. However, these symptoms disappeared almost in all participants in the follow-up phases (0 to 3 cases). In addition, none of these symptoms were the patients’ chief complaints. \u0000Conclusion: Only a small percentage of COVID-19 patients complained of auditory and vestibular symptoms. It needs to be determined whether these complaints are due to the effects of the virus itself, medications, or stress. The persistence of some symptoms, such as fatigue even after 3 months, indicates the long-term impact of the COVID-19 virus, which necessitates further studies.","PeriodicalId":34281,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41722844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}