European Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Key Considerations in Integrated HIV-TB Services in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission: A focus on a Tertiary Health Facility in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Stellamaris Moronkeji, Ebenezer Daniel, A. Ogunyemi, O. Adeyemi, Onyezue Okechukwu Innocent, Osato Harriet Obasuyi, I. Popoola","doi":"10.11648/j.ejpm.20190705.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190705.12","url":null,"abstract":"The need to prevent vertical transmission of HIV to a new born and the imperativeness of instituting a functional integrated HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) services across health facilities will be a landmark public health intervention that will improve the quality of life of millions. This survey is a descriptive study in which respondents (HIV positive pregnant women enrolled for the prevention of mother to child transmission service) were purposively selected based on consent to participate across multiple points at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. The 27 respondents participated in the study. About 50% of the respondents were between 18-30 years old with majority having secondary school education or more. The respondents are mostly married and generally knowledgeable about the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS, TB and antiretrovirals. The major considerations cited by the respondents include; care beyond hospital settings by community health workers (home care and visitation), counseling, health education and promotion, TB screening while “increased stigma & discrimination” and “fear of meeting known persons” were identified as possible disadvantages. The survey revealed and highlighted the key considerations in implementing HIV-TB integrated services into the PMTCT services. Improved training for health workers for effective management of the increased work burden is recommended.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124845454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitation Practices and Nutritional Status of Under Five Children in Muradia and Pangashia Union, Patuakhali, Bangladesh","authors":"Satyajit Kundu, Jhantu Bakchi, F. Islam, Al-amin Imran","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190705.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190705.11","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional status of under five children is important as it determines their health, physical growth and development, academic performance and progress in life. Among children in developing countries, malnutrition is an important factor contributing to illness and death. Malnutrition during childhood can also affect growth potential and the risk of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of under-five children and its association with sanitation practices. To determine the association between nutritional status and sanitation practices, a total of 319 children were selected using simple random sampling method. Majority of the household about 42% have their own deep tube well in which the source of drinking water in Muradia is slightly higher than the Pangashia union. Among the total household in the study area about 62% uses safe water sources and 38% uses unsafe water sources. Nearly half of the total household have their own hygienic latrine (49.36%). About 44% households have their own latrine but that was unsafe. The prevalences of stunting wasting and underweight in the total study area are about 30%, 10%, 23% and respectively. The prevalence of wasting and underweight in Muradia are higher than Pangashia union. It was found that children from the ultra-poor families (67%) were malnourished (χ2=4.384, p=0.223). About 30% of the children were malnourished who drink unsafe water. To overcome the acute and chronic malnutrition among these study areas nutritional education program and health care services can be managed by different non-government or governmental organizations.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133266383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk Factors for the Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Anutapura Hospital of Palu in the Period of 2015-2018","authors":"Rosmala Nur, Nurul Fiyanti Lamato, Nurhaya S. Patui, Elvaria Mantao, R. Larasati, Sitti Radhiah, Ulfa Aulia, S. Hendra","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190704.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death after breast cancer in women in developing countries. In 2017, there were 2,8% cases of patients with cervical cancer in Indonesia and 0,8% cases in Central Sulawesi. The medical record data of Anutapura Hospital of Palu shows that the incidence of cervical cancer in 2016-2017 was still the biggest disease that occurred in the obstetrics and gynecology department with a total of 36 cases. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the risk of first marriage age, parity, use of oral contraceptives, education level, smoking and use of sanitary napkins at childbearing age on the incidence of cervical cancer in Anutapura Hospital of Palu. Research Patient and Method: This research used quantitative method with case control approach. There were 62 people taken as the case sample and 62 people as the control with age matching. The sampling was conducted using total sampling method. The data used were secondary data in the form of yearly medical record and primary data in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Results: The data analysis conducted using the Odd Ratio test on the results of research showed the followings; the first marriage age (OR=4,115 and CI=1,944-8,709), parity (OR=3,091 and CI=1,485-6,436), the use of oral contraceptives (OR=3,566 and CI=1,658-7,670), education level (OR=4,875 and CI=2,263-10,503), smoking (OR=4,242 and CI=2,229-14,446), and use of sanitary napkins (OR=5,559 and CI=2,571-12,021). Conclusions: First marriage age, risk of parity, use of oral contraception, education level, smoking and use of sanitary napkins are the risk factors for cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Former Footballers in Senegal: Health Condition and Vocational Retraining","authors":"O. Ka, Oumar Diop, Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye, Ndeye Fatou Ngom, A. Gaye, Mountaga Elimane Dia, Alioune Badara Tall, Cheikh Tacko Diop, Martial Coly Bop, B. Guèye, Papa Gallo Sow, A. Ba, L. Guéye","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190704.11","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to study among former Senegalese footballers their state of health and their socio-economic situation, an expression of appreciation of their professional retraining. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study from October 2015 to April 2016. Our population consisted of former footballers who played in the Senegalese national championship in the first division or were expatriates, honoring or not a selection in the national team. The cohort consisted of 100 retired footballers, the average age was 57, the average age of sports retirement at 31.8 years, the average duration of sport at 25 years; 56% of respondents had at least one risk factor, 28% reported sports-related conditions, 77% said they did not have reconversion and / or economic difficulties, but only 18% actually expressed the wish that their children become footballers. Older age was the main reason for sports retreat (49%) but 67% of subjects continued to play sports. However, it was noted that the number of risk factors increased with advancing age and longer sporting life and that lean body mass decreased with both indicators. In addition, subjects who engaged in regular physical activity had fewer risk factors and had more lean body mass. This study confirms the positive impact of sports practice in the prevention of risk factors and recommendations have been made to improve the living conditions of former athletes.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Microalbuminuria with Abnormal Left Ventricular Geometry Patterns in Nigerian Normotensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"T. Shogade, I. Essien, Udeme Ekrikpo, I. Umoh, C. Utin, A. Akpabio, J. Andy","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190703.11","url":null,"abstract":"To compare left ventricular (LV) geometry patterns among normotensive type 2 diabetics (NT2DM) with normoalbuminuria, NT2DM with microalbuminuria and healthy controls. A cross-sectional study conducted at the medical outpatient department of a Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to March 2014. Sixty-three normoalbuminuric NT2DM, 71 microalbuminuric NT2DM and fifty-nine healthy controls were recruited. Microalbuminuria was tested for using Micral test strips (Roche, Germany). Trans-thoracic echocardiography was carried out on all subjects. Relative wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV geometry patterns were compared among the three groups. The three groups were age and sex-matched and appropriate statistical tests were used for comparisons with p<0.05. The proportions of abnormal LV geometry (33.3% vs 71.4% vs 84.5%), LVMI and RWT showed a significant stepwise increase from healthy controls through normoalbuminuric NT2DM and to microalbuminuric NT2DM (all p<0.01). Concentric remodeling (CR) was the commonest pattern among the three groups. Left ventricular mass index and RWT correlated significantly with duration of DM and body mass index (all p< 0.01). Microalbuminuria showed a strong direct association with abnormal LV geometry (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.63-6.57, p<0.01) while duration of DM was found to be an independent predictor of LV geometry remodeling (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49, p = 0.03) among normotensive diabetics. Although CR was the commonest pattern across the three patient groups, those with microalbuminuria had the highest proportion and risk of LV remodeling. Early screening and prompt treatment of microalbuminuria in NT2DM is hereby recommended.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121923192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Intending Practice on Breastfeeding Among Clinical Medical Students in Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos","authors":"M. Shehu, H. Shehu","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breastfeeding is a basic human activity, vital to infant and maternal health. A good breastfeeding advice from health professionals can influence a mother’s decision to initiate and maintain breastfeeding positively. This study is aimed at assessing clinical medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and intending practice towards breastfeeding. Method: Consecutive sampling method was used. Results: Knowledge on the definition of the term EBF was correct in 120 (69.4%) of the students, 47 (27.2%) of them got it wrong while 6 (3.45) did not known the definition of EBF. The early advantages of EBF was known by over 70% of the students and the contraindications to BF was gotten by over 60% of the students. The students’ knowledge about some false notion on not giving EBM to sick babies, cause of nipple crack and inadequacy of BF for twin deliveries were good with over 70% of them knowing the right thing concerning these. The attitude of the students towards BF was very good with over 80% of them having good attitude towards BF, however 16 (9.3%) will not BF for two years because they believe that it will make their breast to sag, while 23 (13.3) did not know if that is true and 62 (77.5%) disagree with the statement. The intending practice of BF was generally good among the students with over 90% agreeing to do initiate BF within 6 hours of delivery and practicing EBF for 6 months. The intending practice of BF was generally good among the students with over 90% agreeing to initiate BF within 6 hours of delivery and practicing EBF for 6 months. The major factors influencing decisions for EBF includes WHO recommendations 108 (48.6%) out of 222 multiple responses, closely followed by mothers who are still in school for further studies 59 (26.6%). Family advice was the least factor with only 2 (0.9%). The major factors influencing decisions for termination of breastfeeding includes WHO recommendations 75 (35.0%) out of 222 multiple responses, closely followed by mothers who are still in school for further studies 44 (20.6%. Family advice was the least factor with only 4 (1.9%). Conclusion. The knowledge, attitude and intending practice on BF by the students were good, but more needs to be done in the area of knowledge because they are the future doctors who will play an important role in educating the society on breastfeeding.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121789292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Preparedness Towards Total Quality Management at Tertiary Hospital from Health Workers Perception: A Case Study","authors":"Obi Ikechukwu Vincent, Okoronkwo Ijeoma Lewechi, Akubue Augustine Uchenna, Ughasoro Maduka, Akubue Ngozika Peace, Uche Glory Igbo, Nnanke Etimita, Emeka Onugu, Emmanuel Shekarau, A. I. Chimezie, Chine Paul Udoka, Joseph Akem Ingwu","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Total quality management (TQM) in any organization is a major determinant of efficient management of resources. In this era where hospitals provide the same type of services, it is only hospitals that have embraced TQM techniques that will survive. The study assessed the management preparedness to the implementation of TQM at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku/ Ozalla from the Health workers perceptive. Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic characteristics of the randomly selected staff of the UNTH and their assessment of UNTH under five major domains: organizational, interpersonal, facilities, environmental and economic. Focus group discussion was also used conducted among selected staff. Results: On influence of educational factors on level of response, the study showed it has no influence on staff awareness (p= 0.264) but it influenced quality of personnel (0.049), sufficient supervision (p = 0.039), feedback mechanism (p = 0.005) and record department being computerized (p = 0.04). Number of years on the job has influence on the availability of adequate resources (p = 0.027), quality of services (0.040) and record department being computerized (p = 0.041). On the influence of cadre, it showed that level of awareness was affected but quality of personnel (p = 0.014), quality of services (p = 0.019) and availability of functional diagnostic equipment (p = 0.027) was influenced. Conclusions: TQM have been shown to have improved the efficient management of resources with attendant maximization of output. It is important that management demonstrates commitment and provide enabling environment for its sustainability. Specifically, management should institute periodic performance measurement system and strengthen the training program in the hospital. There is a need to raise the awareness on the concept and develop methods and procedures in updating existing TQM guidelines.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"59 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132531118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Micro-Planning Processes - Key Strategy for Achieving High Quality LLINs Campaign: Pilot Report from Cross-River State Nigeria","authors":"Akubue Augustine Uchenna, Nnanke Etimita, Akubue Ngozika Peace, Obi Ikechukwu Vincent, Emeka Onugu, Maureen Uchechi Ugochuku, Ani Chinwetalu, Koton Ewa Okoi, Nsa Grace Bassey, Inyang Asibong, J. Bassey, I. Iwara, Cecelia Iwara, A. Ekwe, Beta Edu, E. Ekpenyong, Joseph Akem Ingwu, Igbo Uche, Nkiruka Ukor, Nwali Okata James, Ezeugwu Peter Ogbonna, Chine Paul Udoka, B. Mohammed, Ebonyi Isaiah, D. Abonyi","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190702.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria is one of the two epicenters of malaria transmission across the globe and contributes to 40 percent global malaria burden. The LLINs distribution campaign is one of the significant and nationally acceptable strategic routes of delivering nets to the entire population across the country. Micro planning of the campaign has been completed in the state in readiness for LLINs 2019 distribution campaign. This study therefore tends to highlight the achievements of this concluded micro-planning processes in identifying all the campaigns needs and challenges while plan and proffer solutions to achieve the high quality campaign outcomes. Study design: This is a qualitative study involving the engagement of all RBM stakeholders. It entailed desk reviews, meetings, community engagements, development and adaptation of programme tools, quantification, estimation of all the campaign needs using the WHO standardized estimates and inauguration of formed campaign work streams required for quality LLINs campaign implementations. Average volume of a bale of 0.14cubic meter, minimum volume of 120% of expected space considering the 20% handling area within the store facility and average access door space of >2.95sq meter) were used as standards for estimation. All variables were analyzed using Microsoft excel package and Health Mappers. Results: Comprehensive Advocacy, logistic and training plans that included and defined the roles and expectations of all the many stakeholders were developed. Micro plan population of 4,251,387 for 2019 with 2,361,882 LLINs, 6.613.3 m 3 and handling areas requirement of 1,322m 3 were estimated. A total of 11,864 personnel with their responsibilities were identified and trained including estimated costs of NGN387,143,880 at unit operational cost of NGN 166.34 for the delivery of 1 LLIN to the household. Advocacy kits with print materials for the campaign were pre-tested by health educator and identified programme challenges were highlighted. Conclusion: This study therefore underscores the importance of good micro-planning process for high quality LLINs campaign as recommended by WHO for the achievement of LLINs universal coverage.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131256725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Suffering — Unemployed Voice Concerns About Transmission of Their Health Data to the Job Centre","authors":"Hummernbrum Sabine","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190701.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190701.16","url":null,"abstract":"There are only few clinical studies that address the effects of unemployment on somatic health. Only under certain, particularly strict criteria, are unemployed adults to be included in studies as they are subjected to special attention by ethics committees given their status as \"vulnerable subjects\". Our original goal was to obtain data on the risk factor unemployment via a pseudonymized survey and a fitness test (spirometry or ergometry). A problem we faced was that majority of participants were very concerned about answering questions on their state of health. Even with a modified study design, an entirely anonymous survey, the concerns remained. Subsequent expert interviews showed that unemployed people, as patients, even have reservations when talking about their health to their doctors. They fear that the health data stored in the social insurance data set was accessible to the AMS. This behavior of avoidance could affect the health care of this demographic.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122126858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Abdi Aden Korio, E. Nyavanga","doi":"10.11648/J.EJPM.20190701.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EJPM.20190701.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden to societies. Alcohol use is the third largest disease risk factor for deaths among youths between 15-29 years that contribute to 4% of the global burden of disease. Eastleigh also is known as “Little Mogadishu” is a suburb in Nairobi that is mostly inhabited by both Somali Community from Kenya and majorly from migrations from Somalia. It hosts about 30,000 Somali refugees and characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of alcohol use and the patterns of use among Somali Youth living in Easteigh suburb in Nairobi. Method: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study among youth aged between 18-25 years of age that used a face-to-face interview. Results: Findings indicated a high prevalence among those who are male, of younger age, with married parents, born in Eastleigh, with lower educational level, the singles, the unemployed and those with high family income. Alcohol use is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances that include tobacco products, miraa and shisha. Conclusion: These participants have relatively high alcohol use that is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances. Recommendations include further studies to be done in this community using standardized instruments to cover a larger area and interventions to target younger youth of below 15 years of age and policy on treatment of young people with mental disorders to include substance abuse as well.","PeriodicalId":342483,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}