{"title":"Judaisation and its danger on the Awqaf of Bayt al-Maqdis","authors":"Wahida Bidissi","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.481654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.481654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISLAMICJERUSALEM IN THE EYES OF SALAH AL-DIN: A CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LIBATION OF THE CITY FROM THE CRUSADERS","authors":"Maher Y. Abu-Munshar","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.573678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.573678","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly a century after the brutal, and unforgiving, Crusader conquest of Islamicjerusalem, Sultan Salah al-Din succeeded in 1187CE in liberating the city. This seemingly insurmountable feat was accomplished when Salah al-Din succeeded in unifying the diverse racial, ethnic and denominational Muslims into a single, coherent fighting force - under his capable leadership. Consequently, this paper explores the nature of Salah al-Din's headship and the precise strategies he used in team-building, team-management that proved essential in his bid to restore the holy city to the Muslims. Moreover, this paper will examine the striking magnanimity Salah al-Din displayed towards the Christians, and others, in Islamicjerusalem – including their holy sanctuaries .","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69809068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mardin Müzesi’ndeki Nureddin Mahmud Sikkeleri","authors":"Z. Erdal, H. Menteşe","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.497773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.497773","url":null,"abstract":"Zengiler, Halep ve Musul merkezli olmak uzere Irak, Suriye ve Turkiye’nin Dogu ve Guneydogu Anadolu bolgelerinde 1127-1233 tarihleri arasinda hukum surmus onemli Turk devletlerinden birisidir. Musul ve Halep disinda Cizre, Sincar ve Şehrizor merkezli uc kolu daha bulunmaktadir. Imaduddin Zengi’nin 1127 yilinda Musul’a atanmasiyla kurulan devlet cok genis bir alana egemen olduktan sonra en onemli sorun olarak Haclilari gormus ve bu baglamda Kudus’un Selahaddin-i Eyyubi tarafindan fethedilecegi doneme degin uygun ortami hazirlamak ile mesgul olmuslardir. Zengiler’in en buyuk sultanlarindan birisi de Imaduddin Zengi’nin 1146 yilinda Caber onlerinde sehit edilmesiyle birlikte Halep’e gelerek tahta oturan Nureddin Zengi’dir (1118-1174). Bu donemde Haclilarin elinde olan bircok yeri geri almak icin surekli Haclilarla mucadele etmistir. Dindar, adil ve alim bir sahsiyet olan Nureddin Zengi ulkesini de imar etmeyi ihmal etmemistir. Mardin Muzesi’ndeki zengin Islami sikkeler arasinda Nureddin Zengi’ye ait sadece 2 adet sikke tespit edilmistir. Nureddin Zengi’ye ait bakir sikkeler figur, yazi ve bezeme acisindan diger Zengi sikkelerinin yaninda oldukca basit ve sade kalmaktadir. Nureddin Zengi’nin sadece adi ve unvanlarinin okunabildigi sikkelerde basim yeri, basim tarihi ve diger bilgiler okunamamaktadir. Yazilar ise Kufi hatli olup birkac bitkisel susleme ile yetinilmistir .","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relations of Nur al-Din Zengi with Christian States on the northern border","authors":"A. Kütük","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.495918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.495918","url":null,"abstract":"Haclilarin doguyu istila ettigi sancili surecte Anadolu, Suriye ve Irak topraklarinin buyuk kismini bir arada tutmayi basarabilen Zengi Atabeyligi’nin, 1146 yilinda kurucusu Imaduddin Zengi’nin olumu sonrasi kolayca dagilacagi ongoruluyordu. Fakat Zengi oldukten sonra diger ogullari arasinda sivrilen Nureddin Mahmud, gerek cesareti, gerekse rakiplerine karsi sergiledigi mucadele azmiyle babasinin egemen oldugu topraklari daha da genisleterek ona iyi bir halef oldugunu gostermistir. Suriye’de Halep sehrini merkez edinen Nureddin, hem kendi hâkimiyet bolgesine hem de Islam dunyasina yonelik en buyuk tehlikenin Haclilar oldugunu iyi idrak etmisti. Bunlar arasinda Antakya Hacli Kontlugu, Nureddin’in kuzey sinirini guvence altina almak icin en cok odaklandigi kontluk olmustu. Ayrica Akdeniz sahillerinin onemli kismini elinde bulunduran Ermeni Prensligi ile belli donemlerde bolgeye sefer duzenleyen Bizans Imparatorlugu Nureddin icin kuzey sinirini tehdit eden cetin rakipler olmustur. Bu makalede kaynaklarda Nureddin Mahmud hakkinda verilen bilgiler uzerinden onun kuzey bolgesindeki Hacli, Ermeni ve Bizans gibi gayr-i muslim devletlerle mucadelesi irdelenecek ve bu cercevede Nureddin’in kuzey politikasinin esaslari ortaya konmaya calisilacaktir .","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46659243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"عمارة الموصل في عهد نور الدين زنكي","authors":"Vian Mowafaq Al-Nuaimi","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.482380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.482380","url":null,"abstract":"The Iraqi city of Mosul is one of the most important cities in the Muslim and Arab worlds, since it became part of Muslim lands in 1 st century AH/ 7 th century CE. Its architecture expanded and evolved under the Muslims til the reign of the Zengids and especially the period of the reign of Sultan Nur al-Din Zengi, who paid much attention to the buildings of the city and its walls were many of its buildings were restored as well as constructing new ones such as the mosque named after him. This paper is an attempt to highlight his role in the city’s architecture. The theme was chosen in view of previous studies which primarily had focused on the political and military aspects of the Zengi dynasty, such as the study of Prof. Dr. Imad Eddin Khalil about “Imad al-Din Zengi” and the study of Dr. Ali Muhammad al-Sallabi on “Nur al-Din Mahmoud Zengi: his personality and era”. This is what distinguishes our study from previous works, as it emphasises on the architectural structures during his reign and the city of Mosul in particular. A number of relevant sources and references have been utilised and the paper includes a map showing the urbanisation of the city.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NÛREDDİN MAHMUD ZENGÎ DEVRİ’NDE (541-569/1146-1174) İLMİYE SINIFI","authors":"Abdulkadir Turan","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482281","url":null,"abstract":"541/1146’da Zengi Atabegligi’nin Halep merkezli Suriye kisminin hâkimiyetini elde ederek 6/12. yuzyil tarihinin en onemli aktorleri arasinda yer alan Nureddin Mahmud Zengi, yirmi yedi yil suren emirlik ve melikligi boyunca istikrarli bir sekilde genislettigi ulkesini Islam dunyasi icin verimli bir ilim merkezi hâline getirmistir. Onun faaliyetleriyle cok sayida âlim, cevre ulke ve emirliklerden gelip ulkesine yerlesmistir. Egitim faaliyetlerine katkisiyla adi el-Me’mun, Nizâmulmulk ve Selâhaddin-i Eyyubi ile bir arada anilan Nureddin Mahmud, basta ilk baskenti Halep ve daha sonra baskent edindigi Dimask olmak uzere âlimler icin medreseler acarak ders verecekleri ortami olusturmus; bununla birlikte devlet yonetiminde farkli gorevler verip ulkesinin buyumesinde ve isleyen bir idareye sahip olmasinda onlarin ilim, yetenek ve sayginligindan istifade etmistir. Makalemizde Nureddin Mahmud Zengi Devri’nde (541-569/1146-1174) ilmiye sinifinin olusmasi, zihniyeti, hiyerarsisi ve gerek egitim sisteminde gerek sair devlet islerinde ustlendigi gorevler konu edinilmistir.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49269511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HISTORICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL ANALYSIS OF NŪR AL-DĪN MAHMŪD ZANKĪ’S PLAN FOR LIBERATING BAYT AL-MAQDIS","authors":"Burhan bin Che Daud, A. A. El-Awaisi, M. Nor","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482433","url":null,"abstract":"Nūr al-Dīn Mahmūd Zankī was one of the 6 th century AH Muslims leaders who particularly had thought very carefully of how to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. The main objective of this article is namely to examine Nūr al-Dīn’s preparation plan to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis, in particular if he had prepared the ground to achieve such a goal which was successfully accomplished during the time of his successor, Salāh al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī. In addition to the religious impact, this article examines the remaining material evidence and the practical steps that had been taken by Nūr al-Dīn throughout twenty-eight years of his career to construct a strong and a solid argument concerning his clear and distinctive plan towards liberating Bayt al-Maqdis. The main focus is on examining his preparation steps towards the unification of Syria and afterwards the unification of Syria with Egypt.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nureddin Zengi'nin Dımaşk ve Menbiç'teki Askeri Faaliyetleri","authors":"Aeisha Marshoud El-Harbi","doi":"10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/BEYTULMAKDIS.482391","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at presenting the activities of Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi in Damascus and Manbij, through both diplomatic and military means. He competed with the Crusaders in controlling Damascus and was successful in brining it under his control, which had many consequences in consolidating his strength in the region. One of the most important being the transfer of sovereignty from the Buri to Atabak dynasty. This brought him closer to achieving his goal of uniting Syria with Egypt and thus widen the horizons of Jihad against the Crusaders. Also controlling Damascus had another impact on severing the alliance between the Toghtekin with the Crusaders. In dealing with the local population Nur al-Din resorted to the implementation of a wise policy based on munificence and distancing himself from any bloodshed. This is together with his eagerness on constructing Damascus and making it a symbol of Islamic civilization. As for the region of al-Jazeera (Mesopotamia) Nur al-Din was able to bring many of its cities and citadels under his control and particularly the city of Manbij. In this paper a historical methodological approach was adopted based on description, comparison and analysis of sources. The paper’s most important conclusion is that, Nur al-Din’s control over Damascus broke the barrier that separated the north and south of Syria.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nureddin Zengi Döneminde Biladü'ş-Şam'da Fıkıh","authors":"Aya Alshaqaqi","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.482330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.482330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals the life of the Just King, ‘al-Malik al-Adil ’ , Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi and presents a short biography of his life. It also deals with his personality, upbringing, characteristics, asceticism, titles as well as his achievements. The paper deals additionally with his interest in developing scholarly centres for teaching jurisprudence, as he paid much attention to the restoration and construction of mosques, schools and libraries, and dedicating endowments (Awqaf) on them. Furthermore, the paper discusses the most important scholarly institutions of jurisprudence for the four Sunni madhhabs (legal schools of law) particularly in Aleppo and Damascus. Together with deliberating on the most prominent scholars of these schools and their works during this period. It is also noted that although Nur al-Din was adherent to the Hanafi madhhab he paid particular interest to the Shafi'i Madhhab and an explanation for the reasons behind that is presented. The study shows the interest of Nur al-Din in jurisprudence and jurists and its effect on eradicating Shi'ism from the region. It is also shown how he was successful, through his wise policies, in contributing to the unification of the Muslim Ummah.","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69809034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني","authors":"Asma Dallah","doi":"10.31456/beytulmakdis.381684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.381684","url":null,"abstract":"إن المتأمل في السياق التاريخي للأمة عامة، ولبيت المقدس خاصة يلاحظ توالي الهجمات عليه منذ فتحه لليوم، وقد كان للمستشرقين الغربيين والمستشرقين اليهود على وجه الخصوص باع كبير في المحاولات للنيل من الإسلام وعلاقته ببيت المقدس. فقد سجل التاريخ في الكلام عن الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس، الذي انطلق واستشرى في العهد العثماني، الكثير من الأعلام، والعديد من الخصائص، والكثير من الركائز، التي باتت تعتبر اليوم اللبنات الأولى في إقامة الكيان الصهيوني على أراضي بيت المقدس، بتمكنه من بث روح القومية، واستقطاب واستمالة حتى من كانوا معارضين منهم لإقامة دولة لليهود، ونجاحه في تجسيد هذا الحلم وتحقيقه، مما يدل على خطورته وخباثته وشدة تجرئه على القيم، والمبادئ، والأعراف، وهو ما يستدعي الضرورة الملحة لدراسته، وتحليله، وعليه ستركز هذه الدراسة على الإجابة على الإشكال التالي: كيف كان الاستشراق اليهودي في بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ والذي انبثقت عنه عدة أسئلة فرعية هي: ما هو الاستشراق اليهودي؟ من هم أهم أعلام الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟ وما هي أهم خصائص الاستشراق اليهودي حول بيت المقدس في العهد العثماني؟","PeriodicalId":34205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Jerusalem Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"77-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69808438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}