Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series最新文献

{"title":"How Can South Korea Teach, Lead, and Help in Asia's Quest for Smart Cities?","authors":"Clara Gillispie","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3945199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3945199","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2021, virtually every country in Asia has announced some plan for standing up their own smart cities, with national- and/or city-level governments launching either pilot projects or official strategies to coordinate activities and investment across different stakeholder groups. In this context, South Korea could (and does) play a positive role in how countries across the region might be able to realize these plans. This includes through not only providing direct financial, technical, and development support, but also sharing its own lessons learned and practices in promoting sustainable, secure, and inclusive smart cities. Even so, both South Korean and Asian interests could benefit from greater attention to expanding South Korea-Asia engagements and cooperative mechanisms on digital development issues, as a means of better supporting and bolstering ongoing regional priorities.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"37 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132237447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Dynamic Asset Allocation Strategy for Optimal Portfolio Selection","authors":"Hojin Lee","doi":"10.11644/kiep.eaer.2021.25.3.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11644/kiep.eaer.2021.25.3.399","url":null,"abstract":"We use iterative numerical procedures combined with analytical methods due to Rapach and Wohar (2009) to solve for the dynamic asset allocation strategy for optimal portfolio demand. We compare different optimal portfolio demands when investors in each country have different access to overseas and domestic investment opportunities. The optimal dynamic asset allocation strategy without foreign investment opportunities leads domestic investors in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore to allocate more funds to domestic bonds than to domestic stocks. However, the U.S. investors allocate more wealth to domestic stocks than to domestic bonds. Investors in all countries short bills at a low level of risk aversion. Next, we investigate dynamic asset allocation strategy when domestic investors in Korea have access to foreign markets. The optimal portfolio demand leads investors in Korea to allocate most resources to domestic bonds and foreign stocks. On the other hand, the portfolio weights on foreign bonds and domestic stocks are relatively low. We also analyze dynamic asset allocation strategy for the investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore when they have access to the Korean markets as overseas investment opportunities. Compared to the results when the investors only have access to domestic markets, the investors in the U.S. and Singapore increase the portfolio weights on domestic stocks in spite of the overseas investment opportunities in the Korean markets. The investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore short domestic bills to invest more than initial funds in risky assets with a varying degree of relative risk aversion coefficients without exception.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Quality, Regulatory Environment and Microeconomic Performance: Evidence from Transition and Non-transition Developing Countries","authors":"Haggai Kennedy Ochieng, Bokyeong Park","doi":"10.11644/kiep.eaer.2021.25.3.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11644/kiep.eaer.2021.25.3.398","url":null,"abstract":"The development of regulatory systems varies between transition and non-transition economies. This suggests that they provide different incentives for entrepreneurial development and could have varied effects on the economy because they have different methods to deal with market failure. However, limited empirical evidence exists to prove the assumption of dichotomy. Using comprehensive data for institutional quality, labor market and financial market development, this research sought to analyze their effect on employment growth at micro level. The results show that the quality of institutions in transition economies are poorer relative to those in non-transition economies, but their financial and labor markets are more developed than the latter. Further analysis for the transition sample shows that the three variables are individually positively related with employment growth. For the non-transition sample, institutional quality and labor market flexibility bear a positive and significant effect on employment. Financial market development enters the model with a negative coefficient when regressed alone, but a joint test of significance finds that all the variables have a positive effect on employment growth. This result could imply that there is interdependence between institutional quality, labor flexibility and financial market development in firm-employment-growth relationship, or complementarity between regulations and the quality of institutions. Alternatively, this finding suggests that a stringently regulated credit market in non-transition economies have a selection effect-allocating credit only to entrepreneurs who already demonstrate strong growth potential. In sum, despite differences in the evolution of regulatory environment between the two samples, both of them complement employment growth at firm level. The overall implication of these findings is that less rigid regulations and coherent policies that are enforced with impartiality provide incentives for firms to expand.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131286823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Economy and the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Past, Current and Afterwards","authors":"Minhyeon Jeong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3929109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3929109","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript summarizes the economic impacts the COVID-19 brought to the Russian economy and assesses the Russian government's responding actions to the vehement spread of the unexpected epidemic. It also discusses briefly whether or not the Russian economy will continue to recover.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merger Review Regimes in the ASEAN Region and Case Analysis of Grab-Uber Merger","authors":"Y. Jang, G. Kang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3929108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3929108","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, the largest yet cross-border M&A deal between digital platforms in Southeast Asia was reached, namely the Grab-Uber M&A case. The local digital platform Grab consolidated the regional operations of San Francisco, California-based Uber, a development which had significant effects on competition and consumer welfares in the Southeast Asia digital market. The competition authorities in the region independently initiated their investigation and started to deliberate the merger case to determine the anti-competitive effects on their domestic market, and to decide whether this transaction should be restricted or approved. Even though the two merging and merged firms completed their transactions, each authority applied different logic and imposed different remedies in deciding the case. Authorities in some member states such as Singapore and the Philippines decided that the Grab-Uber merger was anti-competitive, while others such as Indonesia and Viet Nam considered the merger not anti-competitive. Upon this backdrop, this article reviews the competition policies and laws of four major ASEAN countries – Indonesia, Singapore, Viet Nam, and the Philippines – from institutional and legal perspectives, focusing on M&A review regimes. Then, we briefly introduce how these com-petition authorities decided on the Grab-Uber merger case, also analyzing the competition effects of the case on the ride-hailing market in the countries. Based on the analysis results, we propose overseas competition policies for Korea.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"402 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116203371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODA 시행기관의 성과관리체계 개선방안 연구(Study on Results-Based Management System in Korea's Aid Agencies)","authors":"Yul Kwon, Jisun Jeong, Juyoung Lee, Eunsuk Lee, C. Park, Sang Mi Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3925281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3925281","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: OECD 개발원조위원회 가입 이후 ODA 규모가 지속적으로 확대됨에 따라 ODA 사업에 대한 성과관리의 중요성이 높아지고 있으며, ODA 시행기관별로 자체평가가 크게 확대되었다. 2010년 국제개발협력기본법이 제정됨에 따라 국제기준에 부합하는 ODA 통합평가시스템이 도입되었으나, 기관의 성과관리 역량에 따라 주요 시행기관별로 원조사업의 품질관리는 물론 사업 성과에서도 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 ODA 시행기관의 사업 수행구조와 추진체제를 중심으로 기관별 성과관리와 평가체계를 비교ㆍ분석하고, 통합적 성과관리를 위한 개선과제와 평가체제 강화 방향을 제시하는 데 중점을 두었다. 우선 기관별 ODA 사업구성과 재원배분, 사업 수행구조와 사업 추진 방식에 대한 실태조사를 추진하였다. ODA 시행기관별로 예산이 확대되면서 다양한 사업실시기관(사업수행기관)에서 사업 영역을 다각화하고, 사업 방식 및 사업 범위를 크게 확대하고 있어서 성과 중심의 ODA 추진체제를 수립하는 데 많은 제약요인으로 작용하고 있다. 현행 평가제도는 각 시행기관이 개별 사업에 대한 자체평가를 추진하고, 사업실시기관의 성과관리를 강화하도록 규정하고 있지만, 과도하게 다각화되고 있는 사업 영역과 수행체제의 분절화로 시행기관 내 사업간 연계나 조정도 쉽지 않은 실정이다. 충실한 사업계획을 수립하고 체계적 사업 이행과 함께 통합적 성과관리를 추진하기 위해서는 시스템적 상호연계성과 정합성을 고려한 ODA 관리체계의 개선이 시급하다. 이를 위해서는 OECD 개발원조위원회가 새로운 평가지침에서 강조하듯이 개별 프로젝트 중심의 평가보다는 평가대상과 범위를 확대하여 기관의 사업 역량과 관리체제 전반에 대한 시스템 평가를 통해 상호연관적 접근(interconnected approach)을 강화하고, 개발효과성 제고를 위해 보다 통합적이고 체계적인 성과관리와 평가체제를 강화해나가야 한다. 따라서 본 보고서는 기관별 사업 특성과 운영체제에 적합한 개선사항을 제시하고, 시행기관의 효율적인 시스템을 통해 개발효과성을 제고하기 위한 정책과제를 검토하였다. 이를 위해 ODA 시행기관의 사업 수행체제 실태를 조사하고, 성과관리와 평가체제를 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 제2장에서는 ODA 수행체계의 현황과 특징을 살펴보기 위해 총 42개 ODA 시행기관의 원조예산 규모와 원조 형태, 사업 유형을 살펴본 후 기관별 사업 수행구조의 특징을 분석하였다. 또한 42개 시행기관 중 2021년을 기준으로 ODA 예산 100억 원 이상 규모에 해당하는 상위기관 14개와 중위기관 중 자체평가가 활발한 5개 기관을 선정하여 양자, 다자성양자 등 ODA 지원 유형과 사업실시기관의 구성, 사업 유형 등을 살펴보았다. 제3장에서는 ODA 시행기관의 성과관리체계를 유형별로 분류하여 각 기관별로 성과관리 정책, 조직 및 인력, 예산, 성과관리 및 평가의 이행, 환류 및 학습 현황을 분석하였다. 유형별 분류는 평가기능을 담당하는 부서의 존재 여부를 기준으로 하였다. 기관 내 평가기능 분리 유형으로 원조전담기관은 한국국제협력단, 기타 무상원조기관은 한국국제보건의료재단을 각각 검토하였고, 평가기능의 외부대행 유형으로 농림축산식품부와 한국농촌경제연구원의 사례를 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 3개 기관 사례의 공통사항은 평가체제와 비교할 때 성과관리를 위한 체제와 환경은 아직 개선의 여지가 많다는 점이다. 즉 평가대상을 선정하고 지침을 기반으로 자체평가를 체계적으로 수행하기 위한 체계는 어느 정도 갖추어졌으나, 기초선조사, 성과 데이터 축적 및 관리, 종료선 조사 등 평가품질을 제고하는 데 근간이 되는 성과관리의 중요성에 대한 기관 차원의 이해와 공감대 형성, 파트너십 등은 아직 충분하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 본격적으로 조사하지 못한 중위기관이나 하위기관의 경우 시행기관 차원의 한계도 있겠지만 성과관리와 평가에 대해 종합적인 지침과 제도적 틀이 미흡하고, 사업실시기관별 수행구조가 분절화되어 있어서 통합적인 성과관리와 평가체제 개선을 위해서는 지속적인 정책적 개선 노력이 시급한 실정이다. 제4장에서는 개별 사업 중심의 자체평가를 보완하여 시행기관의 ODA 성과관리 및 평가체계 개선을 위한 기관별 성과관리 개선방향과 정책과제를 제시하였다. 최근 국제적으로 다양한 협력주체와 기관 간의 협력과 조정을 강조하고 있고, 사업간 연계를 통해 시너지 효과를 제고하고자 적극적으로 노력을 기울이는 추세이다. 특히 OECD/DAC은 평가기준을 개정하여 정책적 일관성을 강화하고 정부 및 기관 내 사업들이 유기적으로 연계되어 협력사업이 중복되지 않도록 조정되고 있는가를 주요 평가기준으로 제시하고 있다. 따라서 개별 사업의 성과보다는 정부 차원에서 국제규범과 정책이 일관적으로 통합되고, 주요기관과 협력사업이 상호 연계되고 정합적으로 추진하는가를 종합적으로 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 통합적 성과관리를 위해 평가대상과 범위를 확대하여 평가의 실효성을 제고하고 환류체계를 개선할 필요가 있으며, 체계적인 평가체제 수립을 위해 위원회 평가기능을 강화해야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 통합평가지침을 보완하고, 평가의 객관성과 신뢰성 제고를 위한 평가 방법론 및 기관평가를 포함한 정책ㆍ전략평가 가이드라인 개발이 필요하다. 이를 기반으로 국제개발협력위원회의 전략적 정책평가와 시행기관의 수행평가가 상호 연계 및 보완되도록 평가지침을 수립하고, 위원회의 전략ㆍ정책평가 대상도 상호보완적으로 선정해야 한다. 특히 이전 평가 결과 및 위원회 평가 계획을 반영하여 시행기관 자체평가 대상 선정 기준을 제시하고, 개별 사업들이 상위 수준의 국별ㆍ분야별 전략의 우선순위와 일치하고 사업효과성을 제고할 수 있도록 상호보완과 연계성을 검토할 필요가 있다. 기관평가를 통해 평가성이 높은 시행기관의 주요 사업이 자체평가 사업으로 선정되도록 평가지침과 가이드라인을 통해 권고하고, 상위 전략평가의 평가기획단계에서 종합평가에 포함되는 해당 분야 개별 사업은 자체평가 대상에서 면제하는 방안도 검토할 필요가 있다. 평가실효성을 제고하기 위해서는 위원회 차원에서 자체평가 결과의 제언을 종합적으로 분석하고, 기관평가를","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130535168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reshoring: An Overview, Recent Trends, and Predictions for the Future","authors":"Jennifer Dikler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916557","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of globalization beginning in the 20th century, came the inevitable rise of offshoring — companies moving at least some parts of their operations abroad in order to cut costs and increase profits. In recent years, however, international developments, such as the rise of wages in what were typically considered low-cost countries, coupled with uncertainties created through global political tensions, have incentivized companies to move their operations back to their respective home countries or to make new investments in United States-based facilities. This phenomenon, known as reshoring, has only increased in 2020 and 2021, amidst US - China tensions and the COVID-19 pandemic. Reshoring is growing in popularity particularly among companies based in the United States. In May 2021, for example, a US solar energy systems manufacturer called GAF Energy announced that the company would relocate its operations from Asia to Silicon Valley, expecting to add 400 jobs in research, engineering, and manufacturing roles (Szal, 2021). Around the same time, cycle and treadmill machine maker Peloton announced that it would invest $400 million to build its first US-based factory, citing heightened demand and the pandemic highlighting uncertainties that come with its global supply chain (Thomas, 2021). The company, which has announced that the US factory will be based in Troy Township, Ohio, stated that it expects to create over 2,000 jobs in the area. Also, in May 2021, Ford Motor announced a joint venture with South Korean battery maker SK Innovation to manufacture battery cells for electric vehicles in the United States (Wayland, 2021). The venture will be based in the US, marking a significant decision for Ford Motor, which operates worldwide and has notably been in the press in recent years for its decisions to offshore operations. Though an increasingly important and growing phenomenon, reshoring has not been studied nearly as much as offshoring. Experts predict that reshoring will only continue to increase as global supply chain uncertainties get revealed through political tensions and fallout from the pandemic. As companies gain a deeper understanding of the vulnerabilities in offshoring their production, they will become more incentivized to invest in their home country-based facilities. As such, it is more important than ever to understand reshoring, the reasons behind why companies decide to reshore, the recent trends among companies moving operations back home, and predictions about how reshoring is likely to evolve in years to come. This paper offers an overview of the aforementioned points, specifically focusing on companies based in the US, which are some of the more likely companies to make the decision to offshore and subsequently reshore.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131820828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GVC Linkage of Materials, Parts, and Equipment Industries in China, Japan and Korea","authors":"Hyung-gon Jeong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916573","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, CJK's industries in the materials, parts and equipment have grown significantly and led a major change in the global value chain (GVC). The spillover effects of all three countries to each other increased in these industries, and China’s influence has continued to rise throughout the past 20 years. However, CJK represent one of the most sensitive regions to non-economic shocks such as natural disasters and disputes between the United States and China. Therefore, it is necessary to shift from the existing cost- and efficiency-based management of GVCs to more rational GVC management based on supply chain stabilization.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122207679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Intellectual Property Protection through FTA on International Trade","authors":"Hyunsoo Kim, Sang-Jun Yea, Hye-Jin Keum, Minji Kang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916553","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for innovation has grown and the protection of intellectual property in international trade has also been strengthened. AI-related patent applications have been increasing rapidly and many AI patents are being filed in various industries. Intellectual property also represents one of the main controversies of U.S.-China trade relations in the past three decades and remains one of the core issues behind the two countries’ recent trade conflicts. As a result, global protection for IPRs has been expanded in recent decades. This article investigates changes in the trend regarding the IP protection level in FTA and how the IP protection through FTAs has affected the composition of aggregate trade flows of member countries in order to provide basic findings necessary to formulate the FTA policies regarding the protection of IPRs in Korea.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131864813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Responses to Price Shocks of Wine Imports in Korea","authors":"Chul Chung, Min-Chirl Chung, Bonggeun Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916580","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to develop a methodology that divides consumers' responses to FTAs or commodity taxes into quantitative and qualitative margins, which cause exogenous price changes for some specific goods. The use of unit values as a dependent variable for consumers' qualitative choice, unlike the usual method of utilization of unit values as a proxy variable for market prices, showed that qualitative response to price changes exists and its size is significant. The methodology of separating and estimating qualitative responses to income changes as in economic crises is also presented, and the empirical analysis using this methodology showed that much of the existing income effects were qualitative responses. As a key result, the price elasticity of -1.178 estimated by the usual demand model based on a single commodity assumption is reduced to -0.712 for the quantitative margin only, and the qualitative margin is the remaining -0.466, accounting for more than a third of the overall response. The significant degree of qualitative response estimates suggests that policy makers and researchers should consider qualitative response as an important factor when analyzing the effectiveness of FTAs, especially on consumption. Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 특정품목에 외생적인 가격변화를 가져오는 FTA나 물품세에 대한 소비자의 대응을 양적 마진과 질적 마진으로 구분하는 방법론을 개발하여 정책효과 분석에 활용할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 단위가격을 시장가격의 대리변수로 사용하는 기존의 연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 이를 소비자의 질적 선택에 대한 종속변수로 활용함으로써 외생적 가격변화에 대한 소비자의 질적 대응이 존재하며 그 크기도 적지 않다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 소비자의 질적 대응을 분리하여 추정하는 방법론을 활용하여 경제위기 등으로 인한 소득 변화에 적용한 결과, 소득효과의 상당 부분이 질적 대응에 의한 것이라는 실증분석을 제시한다. FTA 체결에 따른 관세 철폐 또는 인하로 인해 가격에 변화가 생긴 한국의 와인 소비를 대상으로 기존의 일반적인 방식으로 추정한 수요의 가격탄력성은 –1.178로 탄력적인 데 반해, 약 1/3을 차지하는 질적 마진에 의한 반응(질적 가격탄력성 –0.466)을 제외하면 양적 마진에 의한 가격탄력성이 –0.712에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정책입안자 및 연구자들이 FTA 등의 정책효과를 분석할 때, 소비자의 질적 반응 역시 중요한 요소로 충분히 고려해야 함을 시사한다.","PeriodicalId":341686,"journal":{"name":"Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) Research Paper Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125641462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}