Water Cycle最新文献

{"title":"MoS2 nanoflowers-activated peroxydisulfate oxidation for rapid and efficient water disinfection","authors":"Ying-Wen Lu ,&nbsp;Chun Wang ,&nbsp;Nirav Joshi ,&nbsp;Hai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MoS₂ nanoflowers were fabricated and deposited on porous graphite felt (MoS₂-GF) via the hydrothermal treatment to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for water disinfection. The surface textural and chemical characterization indicated that the MoS₂ nanoflowers were successfully grown on the graphite felt. MoS₂-activated PDS oxidation with 0.25 ​g/L MoS₂ and 0.2 ​mM PDS achieved above 7-log removal of <em>E. coli</em> within contact time of 25 ​min. Gram-negative bacteria (<em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>) were more sensitive to the oxidation reactions than the Gram-positive ones (<em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>) due to their larger cell sizes and thinner wall thicknesses. The live/dead backlight staining experiments and scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that the bacteria were inactivated via cell membrane damage. The free radical quenching experiments suggested that the SO₄^•-, •OH, and •O²⁻ were the main reactive radicals involved into bacteria inactivation. The MoS₂-activated PDS oxidation also achieved undetectable heterotrophic plate count for real river water lake water within contact time of 120 ​min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000058/pdfft?md5=f6aae68532f6f2d33bbf818faad9ccc3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water reuse in Brazilian rice farming: Application of semiquantitative microbiological risk assessment","authors":"Maíra Araújo de Mendonça Lima ,&nbsp;Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ,&nbsp;Anabela Rebelo ,&nbsp;Maria Manuela Lima ,&nbsp;José Manuel Pereira Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current paper presented the Semiquantitative model for microbiological risk assessment for human health, in rice crop production in Brazil. For this purpose, initially, Microbiological Risk Assessment (SqMRA) was divided into four stages: 1) Identification of hazards; 2) Identification of exposure routes for different receptors; 3) Exposure scenarization; 4) Risk characterization. After that, the SqMRA was applied to rice farming in two scenarios, in which the first considers the effluent to be disinfected (Hazard 7), and the second considers the reality of sewage treatment conditions in Brazil (Hazard 9). Thus, it was observed that the reuse of water reuse can be applied in rice farming, with an acceptable global risk, to the receptors involved (farmer, consumer, and neighborhood). Although, it is necessary the relevance of disinfection to minimize the risk in any water reuse application is highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000071/pdfft?md5=7d280c28b6037a754e0f3dc6e9eae7ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasible approach for azo dye degradation using natural magnetite in heterogeneous Fenton oxidation","authors":"Wen-Min Wang ,&nbsp;Xinzheng Li ,&nbsp;Xin Du ,&nbsp;Qian-Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Azo dyes, which are widely used in the textile industry, are typical toxic and refractory pollutants in wastewater. Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation is effective in degrading organic compounds; however, it may induce Fe-leaching. Therefore, it is necessary to find efficient, cheap, and natural iron mineral catalysts for heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. This work aimed to investigate the removal of the representative azo dye reactive yellow 3 (RY3) by iron mineral/H₂O₂ oxidation. Compared with hematite and pyrite, magnetite showed superior RY3 degradation efficiency via heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. The optimum parameters for degradation of 50 ​mg/L RY3 by magnetite/H₂O₂ were 0.2 ​g/L magnetite, 0.5 ​mM ​H₂O₂, and pH 3.5. Under the optimum parameters, RY3 was almost completely degraded within 40 ​min. Through free radical trapping experiments, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were identified as the dominant reactive radical species for RY3 degradation by magnetite/H₂O₂ oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 100-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000137/pdfft?md5=b1d38f6d63a7427b3bf5d0e539c2f092&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49251715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of biological clogging and pretreatments on the operation of soil aquifer treatments for wastewater reclamation","authors":"Vu Kiem Thuy ,&nbsp;Kai He ,&nbsp;Shinya Echigo ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Asada ,&nbsp;Sadahiko Itoh","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, sustainable water management is required to minimize water security, and soil aquifer treatments (SATs) are widely applied in wastewater reclamation. Clogging problems limit the sustainable operation of SATs (i.e., the decrease of infiltration rate), and Physical clogging has been widely studied. However, the effect of biological clogging on the operation of SATs is still unclear. Thus, this study focuses on the effects of biological clogging in an SAT system and demonstrates that the clogging process in an SAT column. In this study, the infiltration rate in the A2O ​+ ​NaN₃ water column decreased slightly, to 6–7 ​cm/h with an average rate of 0.01 ​cm/h per month after 240 ​d, compared with an average rate of 0.3 ​cm/h per month in the columns fed by filtered A2O water. The fastest reduction in infiltration rate, caused by biological clogging, occurred in the first 60 ​d and corresponded to the highest reduction in hydraulic conductivity of 0–2.5 ​cm layer. For alleviating clogging, this study illustrated that removing suspended solids from A2O water by filtration helped reduce approximately 25% of polysaccharides and heterotrophic bacteria. In comparison, pre-ozonation of A2O water helped to reduce approximately 70% of the biomass in the surface layer of the A2O ​+ ​O₃ column. Thus, ozonation of wastewater effluent helps control biological clogging in SAT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000046/pdfft?md5=3a0757ea4fc2eb2362f49769570d1802&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42607460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and challenges of water resources and supply in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Chongqing Huang ,&nbsp;Guangxue Wu ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is one of the most economically developed regions in China. To support the highly developed socioeconomical activities, the water demand in the GBA is in large amount and outstrips supply. Therefore, water resources in the GBA are under serious pressure. In this study, the supply, utilization, treatment, and reuse of water in the GBA were surveyed. Most cities in the GBA, face severe water shortage with per capita water resources being lower than the threshold of severe water scarcity (500 ​m³). During 2011–2020, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of gross domestic product (GDP) of the GBA, decreased by 58%, showing an increased water utilization efficiency. The water quality was consecutively increased in recent years in the GBA with pollution-induced water shortage decreased and most drinking water sources meeting the Class III water quality standard. The utilization rate of reclaimed water varies greatly within the region, which is closely related to the degree of economic development and the amount of water resources. Besides, reclaimed water is mainly used for recharging water environment in the GBA, with unrealized potential in the industrial and municipal fields. It has been reached a consensus that water shortage would be one critical factor limiting the sustainable development of the GBA. To solve all facing challenges, the following strategies are proposed: 1) design urban development paths based on water resources; 2) promote the use of reclaimed water and other non-conventional water resources; 3) promote the construction of sponge cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000095/pdfft?md5=ae103d86dfef55583b0c551aa8e0428a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43059348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the fish assemblage structure in the process of ecological stocking: A case study of Daye Lake","authors":"Hang Xiao ,&nbsp;Hua-Yong Li ,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As human activities cause water eutrophication and overfishing, which had a serious impact on fish resources, fish diversity showed a downward trend. In order to understand the changes of fish assemblage structure in the process of ecological stocking and effectively, the existing fish community in Daye Lake which was divided into 9 sites was evaluated in the summer of 2019 and 2020, and fish resources were investigated by traditional fishing and eDNA metabarcoding technology. The results showed that 33 species belonging to 18 genera, 6 families and 4 orders of fish were investigated in Daye Lake based on traditional fishing methods. Among them, <em>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</em> and <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em> were the dominant species in Daye Lake all year round, and the dominant group was omnivorous, middle-lower fish. And the fish communities at the same point at different times were similar, the separation degree of fish communities was relatively high among different locations. Based on eDNA metabarcoding technology, the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome oxidase I) and 12S rRNA gene regions of eDNA were amplified respectively. A total of 10 species of freshwater lake fish were detected, of which 7 were detected together with traditional methods. Alpha and Beta diversity analysis showed that GJQ had the lowest species diversity, DW and LJH had the highest species diversity, and the biodiversity of adjacent sites was relatively similar. This study proved that ecological stocking will not have a great impact on the diversity of fish populations in lakes. At the same time, it proved the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding technology in fish diversity investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000022/pdfft?md5=0f789b51fe7678ab1c1bb4fafd284625&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bifunctional nanocrystal surface: Integration of slow release of copper cations and providing active catalytical sites","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Haixiang Han ,&nbsp;Chunhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoparticles represent an interesting platform that demonstrates properties absent from bulk materials. Although the employment of nanoparticles for environmental remediation has attracted tremendous attentions in both scientific research and industrial applications, there is still a huge gap between the clear mechanism understandings and their deliverable activities due to the complex reaction kinetics. Herein, we report the synthesis of high-quality, monodispersed Cu₇S₄ nanoparticles as a model nano system to investigate the degradation mechanism of organic pollutants. The morphology, chemical composition and atomic structure of the as-prepared Cu₇S₄ have been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). In addition, it is revealed that the Cu₇S₄ particles can effectively degrade organic pollutants, like Orange I and Orange II through a slow and controllable release of Cu cations process coupled with surface catalysis. The detailed study shows that the small amounts of released Cu cations from Cu₇S₄ nanoparticles are first coordinated with the organic pollutants and the resultant complexes are then degraded on the surface of nanoparticles in the presence of H₂O₂.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000186/pdfft?md5=7929123c71dc69597d247ca0ac4292bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and diagnosis for policy of water reuse in the Republic of Korea","authors":"Min-Yong Lee ,&nbsp;Joseph Albert M. Mendoza","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water reuse is an effective option worldwide to conserve water resources, reduce environmental impact, and reduce the costs and energy associated with water management. In the Republic of Korea, the “1st Basic Water Reuse Plan” was established covering from 2011 to 2020 and presented as policy to protect water resources, prepare for climate change, and restore eco-friendly water circulation. The sewage storage facility, which accounts for 89% of the target amount of rainwater, did not achieve the rainwater use performance compared to the original plan (43 million m³/year). In the case of gray water, the performance of the development project, which is subject to the mandatory installation, was inadequate at 48,000 ​m³/year compared to the planned target of 96 million m³/year. The reuse of treated sewage water exceeded the plan (129.6%) for over-the-counter water use, but 62% for river maintenance, 15% for industrial water, 12% for agricultural water, and 13% for other urban water. was insufficient. It was found that 37 million m³ of treated wastewater was reused annually, exceeding the plan by 187%. The total water reuse target, of treated sewage water is about 17% in 2020 due to the implementation of a sewage reuse project in a metropolitan unit that is used for river maintenance, agricultural water, and industrial water. However, about 50% of them are still used as internal water reuse such as washing water, cooling water, cleaning water, and dilution water in sewage treatment plants (STP), so it is not playing a sufficient role as a water resource to solve the local water shortage problem. To improve such a policy, it has been suggested that four improvements are necessary. First, it is necessary to change the perception on water reuse to hold the necessary costs in obtaining potable water. Second, the price of tap water in the Republic of Korea is cheap but if the water reuse policy is pursued, the public opinion is weak. Third, water treated from STP that meets the water quality standards is not being used properly and is being thrown away. The water treated from STP is currently being regenerated as “good water” without any problem even if it is used for many purposes through advanced treatment. However, the demand for reuse is limited due to aesthetic reason, so it cannot be used for various purposes. Finally, reuse management system of the water treated from STP has a problem with low efficiency of facility operation for supply and demand. The reuse management system should be built to increase the satisfaction of the people who reuse it, to provide stable clean sewage treatment water in response to crisis situations such as droughts caused by climate change, and ultimately to realize the public's water welfare. Through this, it will be possible to create a new market area and water business in the water industry to solve the water shortage, discover new businesses, create jobs, and secu","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000216/pdfft?md5=9f7c96f0b62a4ee9881e9ff5b020cd22&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000216-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46846793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa to polystyrene microplastics exposure: Growth and photosynthesis","authors":"Li-Hua Li ,&nbsp;Li-Chong Hao ,&nbsp;Yu Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics were often detected in water environment, however, their effects on algal blooms were unclear. In this study, the growth and photosynthesis capacity of bloom-forming algae <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> growing with 10–100 ​mg/L polystyrene microplastics (MPs) (5 ​μm) under low (10⁵ ​cells/mL) and high (10⁶ ​cells/mL) initial algal density were investigated. The results showed that microplastics had a U-shaped effect on the growth of microalgae under both initial algal densities. In the early (1 ​d) and end (7 ​d) stages of cultivation, the promotion effect was obvious, and the maximum promotion rate was (133.33 ​± ​14.43)%, while the promotion was weakened or even inhibited in the middle stage (2–5 ​d), and the maximum inhibition rate was (30.00 ​± ​14.14)%. Under low initial algal density, the contents of water-soluble pigments (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) and fat-soluble pigments (chlorophyll <em>a</em> and carotenoids) in 50 and 100 ​mg/L group were inhibited at 4 ​d, then recovered at 7 ​d. Under high initial algal density, water-soluble pigment contents decreased from 4 ​d to 7 ​d, while the fat-soluble pigments continued to recover to the control. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 50 and 100 ​mg/L groups were suppressed in the early and late stages of microalgae growth. In summary, high concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (50 and 100 ​mg/L) would cause significant fluctuations in the growth and photosynthesis of <em>M. aeruginosa</em>, and growth-promoting effects in the early and late stages of the experiment indicated that MPs had the potential to exacerbate <em>M. aeruginosa</em> blooms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000174/pdfft?md5=1a7c018c0c50870b4e11044e9e3545ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445322000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of neutral and negatively charged low-molecular-weight carbonyls in reverse osmosis permeates by ion-exchange resins","authors":"Han-Ying Cai ,&nbsp;Wen-Long Wang ,&nbsp;Wan-Yue Ouyang ,&nbsp;Qian-Yuan Wu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong-Ying Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reverse osmosis (RO) has been increasing widely used in water and wastewater treatment to provide high-quality water, such as in industrial pure water production and municipal (non)potable water reuse. However, some low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds, such as LMW carbonyls, penetrate through RO membranes and are present in the RO permeate, resulting in potential risk to human health or industrial production. Ion-exchange (IX) resins are widely used to help eliminate residual LWM organic compounds from RO permeates, but their elimination performance for carbonyls is not well understood. In this study, seven commercially available resins were employed to explore the adsorption performance for the elimination of representative carbonyls in RO permeate. In general, the adsorption performance of selected resins with regular polymer composition, pore structure and functional group was poor for LMW neutral carbonyl compounds, but efficient for carboxylic acids (number of carbon atoms is less than 4). Among target carboxylic acids, the gel-N⁺(CH₃)₃ resin exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics, performing better in the removal of LMW carboxylic acids with shorter alkyl chains and more carboxyl groups. In particular, binary carboxylic acids were adsorbed 3–5 times faster on resins compared with their monoacid counterparts. Charge density was the dominant factor affecting the adsorption performance of carbonyl compounds, followed by hydrophobicity, molecular chain length, and the presence of H attached to the carbonyl C. This study implies that neutral carbonyls cannot be efficiently eliminated by IX resin, and green oxidation processes, such as vacuum UV oxidation, are suggested for the conversion of such compounds to readily removable negatively charged carboxylic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445321000143/pdfft?md5=d487be39cb748ee5e64b8ebf62e1ad59&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445321000143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}