Quaternary Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Multi-proxy paleoenvironmental data from Paulina Marsh inform human-environmental dynamics in the Northern Great Basin U.S.A.","authors":"Katelyn N. McDonough ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Gavin ,&nbsp;Richard L. Rosencrance ,&nbsp;Loren G. Davis ,&nbsp;Stephen C. Kuehn ,&nbsp;Morgan F. Smith ,&nbsp;Grant Snitker ,&nbsp;Chantel V. Saban ,&nbsp;Ryan Szymanski","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the dynamics between climate change and human adaptive strategies is a longstanding question driving paleoecological and archaeological research in North America's Great Basin. We present multiproxy data from five sediment cores retrieved from Paulina Marsh in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon, an area renowned for its archaeology but lacking the paleoenvironmental data needed to fully contextualize those records. Radiocarbon, pollen, particle size, elemental, and charcoal analyses of one core, and geochronological data from four additional cores, reveal fluctuating vegetation communities, hydrologic conditions, and fire histories during the Early and Late Holocene that are consistent with models proposed to explain changing settlement-subsistence patterns in the region. There was likely an emergent marsh or meadow and an absence of <em>Juniperus</em> at the core site during the Early Holocene. Middle Holocene deposits are not present due to a geologic unconformity, perhaps because of channel migration and climatic aridity. Late Holocene sediments record a more mesic meandering stream system between ∼3900 and 2200 years ago, followed by an increase in xeric-adapted vegetation in the last 2000 years. The lack of <em>Juniperus</em> pollen in the Early Holocene sediments inform ongoing debates about <em>Juniperus</em> spread in the Great Basin. These data represent the first Early Holocene pollen record from the Fort Rock Basin and are one of few lowland vegetation histories of this age in the region. This study contributes to our understanding of past ecology in semi-arid environments, provides new context for archaeological interpretations, and establishes a framework for future work in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000224/pdfft?md5=eb2cce9494f985dd18f2cb7085a85519&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening a lost world: Paleoartistic investigations of the early Pleistocene vegetation landscape in the first Europeans' homeland","authors":"José Carrión ,&nbsp;Gabriela Amorós ,&nbsp;María Victoria Sánchez-Giner ,&nbsp;Ariadna Amorós ,&nbsp;Juan Ochando ,&nbsp;Manuel Munuera ,&nbsp;Ana Belen Marín-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Jiménez-Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The scarcity of pictorial reconstructions focusing on Quaternary flora and vegetation prompts a reevaluation of traditional zoocentrism in future paleoartistic research. Here we present paleoartistic renderings depicting vegetation landscapes around the Orce Archaeological Zone (OAZ), encompassing sites dating from 1.6 to 1.2 million years ago during the Early Pleistocene of the Guadix-Baza Basin in southern Spain. Four pieces are based on fossil pollen data from Venta Micena 1 (VM1), Barranco León (BL), and Fuente Nueva 3 (FN3). The artwork considers altitudinal belt distribution, taxonomic and structural diversity, extinct taxa in the Iberian Peninsula post-Early Pleistocene, and those previously extinct at higher latitudes in Europe. This essay visually represents the coexistence of mesophytic, thermophytic, and xerophytic plant communities within a glacial refugium of woody species. Lastly, employing a non-conventional iconographic approach, we portray a female <em>Homo</em> individual in the forest refugium to draw up on possible adaptive traits of these early Europeans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000236/pdfft?md5=2d95135ef58497faa7a19832e444f94b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility evaluation in the Beas River Basin of North-Western Himalaya: A geospatial analysis employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method","authors":"Madhulika Singh ,&nbsp;Varun Khajuria ,&nbsp;Sachchidanand Singh ,&nbsp;Kamal Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the North-Western Himalayas, particularly within the Beas Basin of Himachal Pradesh, landslide incidents are frequent, primarily due to the unique interplay of adverse geological conditions, heavy rainfall, and human factors. These incidents result in substantial loss of life and property each year. To mitigate such issues, systematic landslide research is essential, encompassing aspects like inventory mapping and risk assessment. This study leverages the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for an in-depth Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) mapping in the Beas River basin, employing remote sensing data to analyze key factors contributing to the region's instability. The process involved a detailed selection and mapping of landslide conditioning variables, guided by validated landslide inventory data and high-resolution remote sensing images, ensuring an accurate representation of the basin's geographical variations. The creation of the landslide susceptibility map utilized the weighted overlay approach, categorizing the area into five levels of susceptibility: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. This classification incorporated ten critical factors influencing landslide occurrence, including elevation, slope aspect, slope angle, distance from drainage, lithology, distance from lineament, geomorphology, rainfall, and land use/land cover (LULC). The LSI was calculated through the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) technique, leveraging the weights and ratings derived via the AHP method. This analysis revealed that approximately 634.1 square kilometers, or 12.8% of the region, face very high landslide susceptibility, followed by 22.6% at high, 25.8% with moderate, 24.4% at low, and 14.5% at very low susceptibility. The LSI map's accuracy in predicting landslides was affirmed through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) evaluations, showcasing an 86.3% precision rate. This classification facilitates focused interventions in high-risk areas, guiding planners in landslide-conscious development and infrastructure planning. It directs engineers toward engineering solutions like slope stabilization and drainage improvements to mitigate landslide effects. Moreover, this approach supports the creation of evacuation and emergency response plans, bolstering community resilience to landslide threats in the river basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000182/pdfft?md5=5181dbdd7d23110e0dd7a37ba6814c76&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140342355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of potential machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study of Van Yen district, Yen Bai province, Vietnam","authors":"Van Anh Tran ,&nbsp;Thanh Dong Khuc ,&nbsp;Xuan Quang Truong ,&nbsp;An Binh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Truong Thanh Phi","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslides are natural hazards that cause significant damage to both property and human lives. This study employs potential machine learning models such as Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to assess landslide susceptibility in Van Yen District, Yen Bai Province, Vietnam, that experiences a higher frequency of landslides compared to other localities in the region. The study incorporates thirteen input variables, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), distance to faults, lithology, distance to roads, distance to rivers, land cover, rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). To construct the models, landslide statistics reports were utilized, consisting of 302 landslide points collected through field surveys and 52 landslide points determined using Radar Sentinel-1 images. The Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform is utilized for constructing the landslide susceptibility models. The outcome of the research is a landslide susceptibility map with five levels: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) is used as a metric to evaluate the performance of all three models. The findings indicate that, besides similarities observed in landslide susceptibility maps for previously occurred landslides, the Random Forest model demonstrates a favorable performance compared to the other models, with an AUC of 0.883.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000194/pdfft?md5=ca03da695d70b76a4759ffd87272c116&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative study of the Tawi basin: Inferences from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using geospatial technology","authors":"Ajay Kumar Taloor ,&nbsp;Savati Sharma ,&nbsp;Jagjeet Jamwal ,&nbsp;Sourav Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the basin is fundamental to understand the structural and hydrological control of the basin. In the present study morphometric and morph tectonic parameters of the Tawi basin has been analyzed to infer the geological variation, topographic information, structural and complex tectonic behavior at a watershed scale. The assessment of several of drainage network and their relative parameters has been quantified by using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based analysis in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Based on the quantitative analysis in terms of linear, aerial and relief it is well understood that the basin is inhomogeneous in nature, less structurally stable, very gentle to steep slopes, compounded by aggradational and denudational processes in large scale, exhibited by incompetent rocks and a portion of the basin is prone to flood particularly in the lower reaches. The quantified results show that in the various watersheds of the Tawi basin bifurcation ratio (Rb) varies from 0.001 to 6.80 and the mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm) varies from 2.58 to 4.11. The mean stream length (Lsm) in the various watersheds of Tawi basin varies from 0.019 to 60.26 km. The drainage density (Dd) of Tawi basin varies from 0 to 9.63 km/km², and the value of the drainage texture (Td) varies from 3.76 to 13.38 km^-1. The qualitative analysis based on the asymmetric factor (AF) of the Tawi basin shows that the watersheds W5 and W6 are moderately asymmetric, and W2 and W4 as strongly asymmetric in nature, whereas the hypsometric integral (HI) values reveal that watershed W1 is the most stable watershed with a highest HI value of 0.89, while the W7 is the least stable with a HI value of 0.28, providing a comprehensive understanding of the geomorphic dynamics in the Tawi basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000200/pdfft?md5=5242fca3f0a7fd4d2fa1e5c8b7c84b9f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taphonomy of the fauna and chert assemblages from the Middle Palaeolithic site of Vajo Salsone, Eastern Italian Alps","authors":"Ursula Thun Hohenstein ,&nbsp;Lavinia Caffarelli ,&nbsp;Gianluca Arnetta ,&nbsp;Florent Rivals ,&nbsp;Paolo Pozzobon ,&nbsp;Stefano Gialanella ,&nbsp;Davide Delpiano ,&nbsp;Marco Peresani","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Vajo Salsone site is located at an altitude of 376m a.s.l. on the right slope of the Valpantena valley, in the Veneto Pre-Alps, north of the town of Verona. The site was discovered in 2017 during the construction of a truckable road. It is a small and narrow karst cavity filled with Pleistocene sediments that yield abundant Middle Palaeolithic artefacts and faunal remains, often coated by carbonate encrustations. The lithic assemblage shows the predominance of the Levallois method and is characterised by a large number of retouched elements, including foliated points. These artefacts, typical of the Late Middle Palaeolithic period in central and south-eastern Europe, make Vajo Salsone an exceptional case, as their recovery is rather sporadic west of the Balkan Peninsula and south of the Alps. The fauna is dominated by ungulates, the most abundant being the red deer followed by roe deer, chamois and elk. Among the carnivores, wolf is common, while fox and bear are rare. This fauna suggests an environment characterised by open glades and closed forests, with a discontinuous presence of alpine grasslands and wetlands. Taphonomic analysis of the bone surfaces is complicated by the presence of concretions on most of the remains, which also show a high degree of fragmentation. Post-depositional fractures are common, and weathering is light. Only cervid bones show anthropogenic modifications related to hunting and hominin exploitation such as cut marks, scraping, impacts and burnt modifications. Some long bone diaphysis bear marks testifying to the use of these fragments as retouchers for flint artefacts. Such use has been evidenced at other Middle Palaeolithic sites in the area. Furthermore, the good state of preservation of the occlusal surface enamel of the cervid teeth allowed us to carry out meso and microwear analyses which provided data on seasonality and site occupation. With regard to dental wear analysis, the red deer from Vajo Salsone had mesowear suggesting a mixed feeding and grazing diets, whereas microwear analysis showed that the individuals had a diet between mixed feeding and browsing. The taphonomic study of the site has been integrated by X–RFS analysis of the alterations occurred to the lithic artefacts, which include deep patination and the formation of calcareous crusts. All the data presented here are consistent with the hypothesis of a short-distance displacement of the material from a single archaeological deposit possibly related to human occupation during the warm season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000212/pdfft?md5=ca4466152168688c4a0abea6230460b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variations of climate along possible African-Arabian routes of H. sapiens expansion","authors":"Markus L. Fischer ,&nbsp;Philipp M. Munz ,&nbsp;Asfawossen Asrat ,&nbsp;Verena Foerster ,&nbsp;Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr ,&nbsp;Norbert Marwan ,&nbsp;Frank Schaebitz ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Schwanghart ,&nbsp;Martin H. Trauth","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eastern Africa and Arabia were major hominin hotspots and critical crossroads for migrating towards Asia during the late Pleistocene. To decipher the role of spatiotemporal environmental change on human occupation and migration patterns, we remeasured the marine core from Meteor Site KL 15 in the Gulf of Aden and reanalyzed its data together with the aridity index from ICDP Site Chew Bahir in eastern Africa and the wet-dry index from ODP Site 967 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea using linear and nonlinear time series analysis. These analyses show major changes in the spatiotemporal paleoclimate dynamics at 400 and 150 ka BP (thousand years before 1950), presumably driven by changes in the amplitude of the orbital eccentricity. From 400 to 150 ka BP, eastern Africa and Arabia show synchronized wet-dry shifts, which changed drastically at 150 ka BP. After 150 ka BP, an overall trend to dry climate states is observable, and the hydroclimate dynamics between eastern Africa and Arabia are negatively correlated. Those spatio-temporal variations and interrelationships of climate potentially influenced the availability of spatial links for human expansion along those vertices. We observe positively correlated network links during the supposed out-of-Africa migration phases of <em>H. sapiens.</em> Furthermore, our data do not suggest hominin occupation phases during specific time intervals of humid or stable climates but provide evidence of the so far underestimated potential role of climate predictability as an important factor of hominin ecological competitiveness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000121/pdfft?md5=bb6406028c03efa611fe21bbc8462f04&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geospatial, rainfall threshold and physical based modelling for landslides in parts of upper bhagirathi basin, Uttarakhand","authors":"P. Danuta Mohan ,&nbsp;Shovan Lal Chattoraj ,&nbsp;Yateesh Ketholia","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000108/pdfft?md5=9de79df3dbf495eefe1b15596e46aae3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did climate change make Homo sapiens innovative, and if yes, how? Debated perspectives on the African Pleistocene record","authors":"Jayne Wilkins ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Schoville","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our enhanced capacity to innovate is a key feature that sets <em>Homo sapiens</em> apart as a species. The Middle Stone Age archaeological record of Pleistocene Africa documents the emergence and elaboration of this capacity, and its relationship to changes in past climate and environments. However, the models and interpretations developed to understand the relationship between early <em>Homo sapiens’</em> innovativeness and climate change are varied and often contradictory. Here, we review these contrasting interpretations. We contend that while climate change may have influenced early human innovation, it was in an inconsistent and multifaceted way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666033424000170/pdfft?md5=198ca33d6e2054f5c5a4f99467f8d8b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666033424000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-disposed tectonic subsidence controls flood hazards and unplanned urbanisation dominates the flood disasters in the Pliocene to Holocene Kashmir basin, NW Himalayas","authors":"Afroz Ahmad Shah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Gazali Rachman ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Anushka Vashistha ,&nbsp;Ajay Dashora ,&nbsp;Muhsana Mahoor","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pliocene to Holocene Kashmir basin of NW Himalaya, India, is prone to various geological and climatic hazards routinely connected to the climatic and structural setting of the Himalayan intermontane basins. The topographic expression of the basin is a direct consequence of the active plate tectonic convergence between the lithosphere plates of India and Eurasia. However, the role of the tectonic framework and its contribution to flood hazards has remained an unresolved research question. Our previous work has contributed towards this problem, and here, we extend our previous work by producing robust evidence in support of the role of active faults and tectonic topography in shaping the flood hazards in the Kashmir basin and its implication for the other similar basins in the world. The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager-Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI-TIRS) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images were used to extract pre-2014 floodwater bodies and 2014 flooded areas in the Jhelum River valley of the Kashmir region, respectively. Water pixels were extracted using the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) methods, and similarly, the flood depth and duration (in days) were computed. The flood depth was correlated with the Jhelum River valley's topography, morphology, and geology. The slope and topography were also associated with the 2014 flood disaster to map the influence of the pre-disposed structural setting of the basin on flood vulnerability. The results suggest that flood disasters were mainly related to the unplanned built area, which remains the dominant factor in how flood hazards have turned into disasters. The results reveal the tectonically derived structural configuration of the basin mainly contributed towards the flood hazards, which is the primary predisposed structural framework to dictate flood hazards since the formation of the basin ∼4.0 million years ago. Therefore, the primary outcome of our work is the strong evidence that flood hazards are related to the structural setting of the basin, which includes topography and geology, while the transition of flood hazards into disasters is mainly because of unplanned urbanization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34142,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Advances","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266603342400011X/pdfft?md5=0dfb82da50f6403b05bf82d97780b1b8&pid=1-s2.0-S266603342400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}