Public Health in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Embedding work coaches in GP practices: Findings from an interview-based study in the UK","authors":"Shriti Pattani ,&nbsp;Marie Line El Asmar ,&nbsp;Manisha Karki ,&nbsp;Eva Riboli Sasco ,&nbsp;Lara Shemtob ,&nbsp;Kabir Varghese ,&nbsp;Austen El-Osta","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The integration of work coaches (WCs) and disability employment advisors (DEAs) into General Practitioner (GP) practices in the UK aims to address the interplay between health and employment by facilitating access to employment support, especially to people with disabilities and health conditions affecting their ability to work. This study seeks to explore the perspectives and perceptions of WCs, DEAs and GPs regarding the benefits and challenges of embedding WCs and DEAs in GP practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected between May and July 2023 through semi-structured interviews with four GPs, four WCs and four DEAs working in NHS GP practices. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using the Thematic Framework method. Emergent themes were pre-structured and classified as perceived benefits, barriers and challenges or drivers and strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The integration of WCs &amp; DEAs within GP practices was perceived by respondents as fostering a direct collaboration between professionals as well as a greater openness of patients which benefited patients, WCs/DEAs and GPs. While all respondents emphasised the various benefits, they also identified several barriers and challenges. The implementation stage was perceived as particularly challenging, especially by WCs and DEAs, whereas the lack of human, financial and logistical resources hindered the service beyond this stage. Several strategies and drivers to support the service were identified, including the importance of receiving support from all professionals involved as well as making the service visible to both healthcare professionals and patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Embedding WCs and DEAs in GP practices emerges as a promising approach which can benefit patients, GPs and WCs/DEAs. Exploring patients' perspectives directly is crucial to fully assess this type of service and identify any additional challenges and benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid review: Ten ways to improve support for minoritised informal adult carers at local government policy level to redress inequality","authors":"A. Barnes ,&nbsp;F. Phillips ,&nbsp;K. Pickett ,&nbsp;A.J. Haider ,&nbsp;J. Robinson-Joyce ,&nbsp;S. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To rapidly identify and summarise evidence on key factors that affect access to support for minoritised informal adult carers which could be addressed at the level of local government policy-making.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Rapid evidence review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A rapid umbrella review was undertaken of systematic reviews of qualitative, quantitative and/or mixed method studies. Systematic reviews were identified through database searches (Medline, Cochrane, Proquest), key author searching, referrals by experts (n = 2) of key reviews, and citation and reference checking of identified reviews in September–October 2023. Systematic review evidence was supplemented with grey literature identified by practitioners (n = 2) as locally-relevant. Data was extracted directly into a table and findings synthesised narratively by theme.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Many factors were identified as affecting access to support for minoritised unpaid adult carers, including: inattention to socio-cultural diversity; issues of representation, racism and discrimination; and socio-economic inequality. Factors were themed around ten areas for local action, including: the importance of recognising intersectional disadvantage and diversity; ensuring support is socio-culturally appropriate; paying attention to gendered hierarchies in service design; identifying and ‘designing out’ racism and discrimination; addressing exclusions that minoritised carers with additional communication needs face; mitigating socio-economic inequality; and taking a ‘whole system’ approach that improves integration, routine data collection and support service evaluation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We identified ten potential ways in which inequalities in support for minoritised unpaid adult carers could be addressed locally. Although the existing evidence base is limited, these ten areas could usefully be targeted for further investigation in research and within local policy development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000806/pdfft?md5=646a799c332571fe4cca2e552a03f779&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000806-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How much do local health systems matter? Variations in amenable mortality across health districts in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Pushkar Silwal ,&nbsp;Daniel Exeter ,&nbsp;Tim Tenbensel ,&nbsp;Arier Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266653522400082X/pdfft?md5=5f1b132eab5e28e85f233b6873b471f9&pid=1-s2.0-S266653522400082X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Einstein's combinatory play: A promising practice for creativity and well-being among public health professionals","authors":"Abby M. Steketee ,&nbsp;Samantha M. Harden","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this commentary is to describe combinatory play as a practice for elevating creativity and well-being among public health professionals. Albert Einstein introduced combinatory play in a letter to a colleague, and, in this commentary, we define it as engagement in an intrinsically enjoyable, cognitively stimulating artistic activity that is distinct from one's job tasks and conducive to connecting ideas toward insight and creative problem-solving. Combinatory play aligns with empirical and experiential evidence demonstrating connections between art and science. We present combinatory play in the context of research on creativity and well-being, including the growing issue of work-related stress among public health professionals. To provide an example of combinatory play, we recount how Robert Frost's poem “Mending Wall” inspired email blackout periods and an intervention for health researchers. Finally, we outline concrete strategies for public health professionals to integrate combinatory play into their lives. Overall, combinatory play is a promising practice for catalyzing novel solutions to public health issues while fueling the well-being of public health professionals themselves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000831/pdfft?md5=f2bb399b706093a624b842336f06d965&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000831-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case-crossover analysis to quantify the impact of wildfire smoke on hospital respiratory admissions in the Rogue Valley, Oregon","authors":"A Lee Mitchell ,&nbsp;Kyle Chapman ,&nbsp;Kerry Farris ,&nbsp;Pooya Naderi ,&nbsp;Ashley Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the increasing prevalence of wildfire smoke in the Pacific Northwest, it is important to quantify health impacts to plan for adequate health services. The Rogue Valley region has historically faced some of the greatest wildfire threats in the state. Health impacts from smoke have been estimated in several recent studies that include Oregon's Rogue Valley, but the results between studies are conflicting.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective is to critically examine impacts of wildfire smoke on health in the Rogue Valley area and translate the results to support hospital staffing decisions.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>The study adopts a case-crossover approach.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Apply a conditional Poisson regression to analyze time stratified counts while controlling for mean temperature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Every 10 μ/m³ increase in PM_2.5 is associated with a 2% increase in same-day hospital or emergency room admission rates for respiratory conditions during fire season after adjusting for temperature and time (OR = 1.020; 95% CI: 1.004–1.034); a 10 μ/m³ increase in PM_2.5 lasting nine days is associated with a 4% increase in admission rates (OR = 1.041; 95% CI: 1.018–1.065). In other words, for each 10 μ/m³ single day increase in pollution from smoke, an additional 0.26 respiratory patients would be expected in the area hospitals. With a single day increase from 10 μ/m³ to 150 μ/m³, hospitals could expect an additional four patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There are small but significant health impacts in the Rogue Valley. These impacts are smaller than some statewide estimates. We need further research to understand these differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000776/pdfft?md5=ed21cf62feecb2dbdae03554f98a84e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20 years on from the Dublin Declaration: European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment reporting on the provision of prison needle and syringe programmes in the Council of Europe region","authors":"Marie Claire Van Hout ,&nbsp;Ulla-Britt Klankwarth ,&nbsp;Simon Fleißner ,&nbsp;Heino Stöver","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prisons in Europe remain high-risk environments and conducive for infectious disease transmission, often related to injection drug use. Many infected people living in prison unaware of their infection status (HIV, hepatitis C). Despite all Council of Europe (CoE) member states providing community needle and syringe programmes (NSP), prison NSP are limited to seven countries. The study aim was to scrutinise the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CPT) reporting of periodic and ad hoc country mission visits to prisons, with an explicit focus on the extent to which member states are/were fulfilling obligations to protect prisoners from HIV/hepatitis C; and implementing prison NSP under the non-discriminatory equivalence of care principle.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Socio-legal review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of the CPT database was conducted in 2024 with no date restriction. All CPT reports were screened in chronological order with the terms; “<em>needle”, “syringe”, “harm reduction”</em> and <em>“NSP”</em>. Relevant narrative content on prison NSP operations, including repeat CPT reminders and any official/publicly expressed reasons for not implementing is presented.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CPT reporting reveals limited prison NSP provision in selected prisons visited on mission, with little change in status over time, despite documented evidence of prior observations around absent/insufficient harm reduction measures and explicit (often longstanding) recommendations to address deficits. Reasons for not implementing prison NSP include; existing availability of opioid substitute treatment, lack of evidence for injecting drug use, for security and maintenance of order, and contradiction with prison protocols sanctioning drug use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prison health is public health. Regular research and evaluations of prison NSP in Europe are warranted. Future CPT visits should also continue to assess availability and standards of provision; recommend where appropriate including when opioid substitute treatment is already provided, and in line with broad availability of community NSP in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000818/pdfft?md5=8eff2088736a0b83cd9eb42bbebc795b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000818-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-trimester medication abortion via telemedicine: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Leonardo Cely-Andrade ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Enríquez-Santander ,&nbsp;Karen Cárdenas-Garzón ,&nbsp;Biani Saavedra-Avendaño ,&nbsp;Guillermo Antonio Ortiz Avendaño","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Following the decriminalization of abortion in Colombia and amidst a global health crisis due to COVID-19, Profamilia implemented a telemedicine-assisted first-trimester Medication Abortion (MAB) program. This is an opportunity to reduce inequalities in access and to promote empowerment and sexual and reproductive rights. This study aims to describe socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of users and to assess its effectiveness and safety.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A retrospective cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study analyzed data from users who received Profamilia's telemedicine abortion services between August 2021 and August 2022 (n = 3073). A descriptive analysis of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was performed, grouping, and comparing them according to follow-up status and abortion outcome. Effectiveness was assessed by the percentage of complete abortions without surgical intervention, and safety by the incidence of complications, potential adverse events, and potentially dangerous signs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most of the users were less than 8 weeks gestation at the start of treatment (88.3 %), from low socioeconomic strata (84.8 %), affiliated to the subsidized healthcare system (87.6 %), with educational levels up to secondary school (81.6 %), between 18 and 35 years (87.4 %), from urban areas (97.8 %) and singles (90,8 %). 94.9 % of users had a complete abortion using medication, and 0.3 % of cases reported complications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>First-trimester MAB through telemedicine in the Latin American context is an effective and safe choice. Telehealth is an important strategy to expand access to safe abortion care, especially for those with limited financial means or educational backgrounds. Rural and marginalized populations need more attention to improve access.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000764/pdfft?md5=dc3f827a79961734ca28d28ea47baf53&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000764-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of healthcare access inequity using telehealth and patient travel cost subsidisation","authors":"Edwin Phillip Greenup,&nbsp;Daniel Best","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Telehealth and patient travel cost subsidisation are two strategies used to reduce the effects of healthcare access inequity. Despite this shared goal, these programs are usually run independently, and their effects are infrequently compared in evaluation. Understanding how these programs are used helps ensure services are delivered efficiently.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Counts of telehealth outpatient service events (TH) (n = 250171) and patient travel subsidy scheme claims (PTSS) (n = 270933) for the 2022-23 financial year were captured. Comparisons of PTSS and TH activity were made by postcode, rurality (The Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA)) and health jurisdiction (Hospital and Health Service (HHS)).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Correlation analysis conducted on PTSS and TH activity revealed a statistically significant, moderate positive correlation (r = 0.449, p &lt; 0.01). TH (coefficient = 0.650, p &lt; 0.001) and rurality (coefficient = 26.208, p = 0.686) also retained their significance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study established that increases in TH activity is correlated with increases in PTSS, with both programs reporting greater activity as rurality increases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266653522400079X/pdfft?md5=433a52c3a5650f2a7d6b8e559fe2109e&pid=1-s2.0-S266653522400079X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To improve the health of the nation we need a wealth of people doing public health","authors":"Indigo Starkey,&nbsp;Philip Satherley,&nbsp;John Ford,&nbsp;Michelle Black","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000843/pdfft?md5=b290462cc231406d2c9302f8f9ec16ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000843-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People with long-term conditions are more adherent to protective behaviours against infectious disease","authors":"Gill Hubbard ,&nbsp;Diane Dixon ,&nbsp;Marie Johnston ,&nbsp;Chantal den Daas","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between long-term condition (LTC) status and adherence to protective behaviours against infectious disease (face covering, physical distancing, hand hygiene).</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Representative cross-sectional observational survey in summer 2020 in Scotland.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Independent variable is LTC status (LTC, disability, no LTC); dependent variable is adherence to protective behaviours (face covering, hand hygiene, social distancing); moderator variables are age, gender and area deprivation; mediator variables are perceived threat and psychological distress. P values of p &lt; 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3972 participants of whom 2696 (67.9 %) indicated not having a LTC. People with no LTC had lowest adherence to protective behaviours, perceived threat and psychological distress. Age did not moderate the relationship between LTC status and adherence; females were more adherent than males and this gender difference was greater in people with disability compared to people with no LTC; adherence was greater for people with a LTC in the more deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas whereas adherence in those with no LTC was not related to area deprivation; threat appraisal partially mediated the relationship between having a LTC or disability and adherence; psychological distress did not mediate the relationship between LTC status and adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study addresses a gap in evidence about protective behaviours of people with LTCs. Perceptions of threat may be useful intervention targets against winter flu and during future pandemics in order to protect people with LTCs who are one of the most vulnerable groups of the population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000752/pdfft?md5=1800029dfebb1e45e69dde5b7e9edf5e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}