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Countering Local Disaster Capitalism 应对地方灾难资本主义
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v7i1.1046
Ayusha Bajracharya
{"title":"Countering Local Disaster Capitalism","authors":"Ayusha Bajracharya","doi":"10.37773/ees.v7i1.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v7i1.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster capitalism creates political and economic space for neoliberal projects to benefit the wealthy disproportionately while marginalizing Indigenous groups. This paper examines how and the extent to which local disaster capitalism has affected Indigenous communities in Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley, as they recover from the 2015 earthquakes, and how local disaster capitalism ought to be countered. Based on an in-depth analysis of local disaster capitalism in Rudrayani Guthi, Nepal, the findings of this study demonstrate that Indigenous peoples have been negatively affected by state-sponsored disaster recovery schemes, whereas wealthy people and businesses have benefitted from them. Such schemes focus on “physical reconstruction” and “economic development”, dispossessing Indigenous lands to pave the way for housing, motorways, greenfield urban development, and hydropower. Many Indigenous groups are forced to be part of such schemes, while local disaster capitalism continues in the name of “disaster recovery”. The paper highlights the unfortunate reality of the local disaster capitalism taking shape and destroying Indigenous lives and livelihoods. The paper concludes by offering some principles used by Indigenous peoples while countering local disaster capitalism through confrontations with powerful actors and while protecting their land during the process of disaster recovery.","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Harvests under Different Bio-economic Scenarios of Chilika Wetland’s Fisheries 奇里卡湿地渔业不同生物经济情景下的可持续收获
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v7i1.1022
Aditi Samant Singhar, Haripriya Gundimeda
{"title":"Sustainable Harvests under Different Bio-economic Scenarios of Chilika Wetland’s Fisheries","authors":"Aditi Samant Singhar, Haripriya Gundimeda","doi":"10.37773/ees.v7i1.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v7i1.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of fisheries management is to control overfishing and unregulated fisheries to protect stocks and boost the value of fish resources. In this study, we compare harvesting and fishing efforts in the maximum economic yield (MEY), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), and open access (OA) scenarios using Gordon-Schafer’s bioeconomic model to examine the economic status of Chilika’s fisheries. This paper also measures the effectiveness of Chilika Lake’s restoration measures. An independent sample t-test with bootstrap confidence intervals indicates the results’ robustness and concludes that the fisheries’ output has increased in the post-restoration period (2003–04 to 2020–21) in a statistically significant way. The estimated measures serve as the focal points for designing sustainable and optimal fisheries management strategies. They add to the ongoing research on stock evaluation, which helps determine harvesting effectiveness and strengthens the fishing stock to avoid exhaustion. Therefore, the expectation is that the outputs in the forms of optimal extraction and an enhanced management tool will improve livelihood opportunities and enhance other socioeconomic components of the fisheries sector. As a result, the findings will aid policymakers and other interested parties in creating a suitable harvesting strategy to attain economic optimality.","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Management of Exotic Fish Biodiversity in Karnataka 卡纳塔克邦外来鱼类生物多样性的可持续管理
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v7i1.902
Amie Chakma, Manikantan P, Aditi Chaudhary
{"title":"Sustainable Management of Exotic Fish Biodiversity in Karnataka","authors":"Amie Chakma, Manikantan P, Aditi Chaudhary","doi":"10.37773/ees.v7i1.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v7i1.902","url":null,"abstract":"Fish biodiversity, a significant part of the aquatic ecosystem, has been studied widely in India. However, the distribution and diversity of fish species have not been well-researched at the state and/or regional levels. Karnataka is bestowed with 8% of the country’s water resources, which are under extreme pressure because of unregulated population growth, biological invasion, and developmental requirements. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, India has been introducing alien species to its water bodies. Currently, 13.6% of the fish diversity in India is exotic and has been established voluntarily or involuntarily for various purposes. The establishment of invasive alien fishes negatively influences native fish communities around the globe. In general, most publications present the latest status of ichthyofauna in several regions of Karnataka; however, there is no up-to-date documentation on strategic environmental developments and unforeseen challenges, such as invasive alien species (IAS). This study reconstructs existing knowledge while analytically reviewing challenges, potential management techniques, advancements, and the impacts of climate change and disseminates the data necessary for the comprehension of the biological invasion of IAS.","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cooking with Modern Energy in Rural Households of India 印度农村家庭用现代能源烹饪
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v7i1.998
Krittika Roy
{"title":"Cooking with Modern Energy in Rural Households of India","authors":"Krittika Roy","doi":"10.37773/ees.v7i1.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v7i1.998","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2016 and 2019, there has been an improvement in the percentage of rural households using clean cooking energy, partly owing to government interventions. However, unclean solid fuels are still the primary source of energy for cooking purposes for about 60% of rural households. One of the foremost reasons for this is the cost of acquiring and using clean energy sources. This paper estimates the cost incurred by a household when switching from solid fuels to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or electricity for cooking, followed by a social cost–benefit analysis of two interventions: universal provision of LPG to all rural households and universal provision of electricity to all rural households. The findings suggest that electricity is a cheaper alternative to LPG at the household level; however, investing in the universal provision of LPG is socially beneficial for the government. Universal provision of electricity for cooking can only become socially beneficial if the proportion of renewable electricity increases, reducing the environmental costs of carbon emissions from coal-based power plants. Keywords: LPG, electricity, cost, benefit, social, energy","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135743942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Accesses Solar PV? 谁使用太阳能光伏?
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v6i2.748
Julianne Tice, S. Batterbury
{"title":"Who Accesses Solar PV?","authors":"Julianne Tice, S. Batterbury","doi":"10.37773/ees.v6i2.748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v6i2.748","url":null,"abstract":"Certain groups within society, such as the poor, the elderly, and those renting their homes, are at risk of bearing disproportionate costs from the transition to a low-carbon economy. These groups are particularly at risk of energy- and climate-related injustices linked to their ability to purchase sufficient energy (low-carbon or otherwise) or to adequately heat or cool their homes. The Solar Saver programme in Melbourne, Australia, was an early attempt by Darebin City Council, a local government, to address these issues. The programme enables seniors, low-income residents, and tenants in the City of Darebin to install solar PV in their homes at no upfront cost. The system costs are repaid interest-free over 10 years through residents’ council rates. This article assesses the success of the programme in reaching its target audience and achieving justice for participants in 2018 and 2019. We find that local councils are important and trusted delivery agents of household energy programmes. We also find that schemes like Solar Saver must be actively targeted to achieve energy- and climate-justice outcomes for residents who are at risk of energy poverty and disproportionate climate impacts.","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76788621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conservation amidst Urbanization 城市化中的自然保护
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v6i2.1000
Dhanya Bhaskar, Samudyatha Ramananda, Sarang Kt
{"title":"Conservation amidst Urbanization","authors":"Dhanya Bhaskar, Samudyatha Ramananda, Sarang Kt","doi":"10.37773/ees.v6i2.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v6i2.1000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86016674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Defending Nature 保护自然
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v6i2.1037
Büsra Üner
{"title":"Defending Nature","authors":"Büsra Üner","doi":"10.37773/ees.v6i2.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v6i2.1037","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the violence of law enforcement forces in Turkey, both urban and rural communities are protesting environmental injustices, including the ecological destruction, human rights violations, health problems, and displacement that the extractive industry causes. Despite the recent increase in discussions on the topic, the extractive industry and environmental protests are not recent debates in Turkish politics. Since the military coup of 1980, changes in mining codes have led communities to organize environmental protests to defend their livelihoods, place, and culture. For four decades, many communities have organized successful protests that have helped develop the environmental movement in Turkey. However, while some environmental movements have been ongoing for many years through grassroots activism, others have failed to create a collective identity that enables the entire community to come together. Hence, in this paper, I comparatively analyse the anti-mining environmental struggles of two communities. In doing so, I show how local inhabitants have been able to organize an environmental movement against extractivism to defend their livelihoods and space under an umbrella organization...","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental Racism and the Global Political Ecology of Industrial Disasters 环境种族主义与工业灾难的全球政治生态
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v6i2.1043
Mukul Kumar
{"title":"Environmental Racism and the Global Political Ecology of Industrial Disasters","authors":"Mukul Kumar","doi":"10.37773/ees.v6i2.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v6i2.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Not applicable","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88687277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Defending Nature 保护自然
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.1057/9781137473783.0005
Büsra Üner
{"title":"Defending Nature","authors":"Büsra Üner","doi":"10.1057/9781137473783.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137473783.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77807836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political Ecology of Urban Agricultural Pollution 城市农业污染的政治生态学
Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.37773/ees.v6i2.1052
Rajat Kumar
{"title":"Political Ecology of Urban Agricultural Pollution","authors":"Rajat Kumar","doi":"10.37773/ees.v6i2.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37773/ees.v6i2.1052","url":null,"abstract":"The Yamuna khadar or the floodplains of the river Yamuna in Delhi is a deeply contested agrarian space. While thousands have been involved in farming these floodplains for decades, contestations over their legality, compensation, land use, displacement, and impact on the river, soil, and city have been significant public concerns over the last few decades. In this paper, I focus on one aspect of this agrarian landscape—the toxicity associated with river water due to the pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture. I examine how toxicity is perceived, discursively constructed, and dealt with by differently located stakeholders in this landscape. The differently located stakeholders associated with the toxic agrarian landscape of Yamuna khadar are not experiencing pollution as a homogenous community, i.e., neither all of them see themselves as suffering from pollution nor do they see themselves as contributing to the toxicity of the landscape in a similar way.","PeriodicalId":34130,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Economy and Society - The INSEE Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73589469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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