{"title":"Del derrotismo a la acción: hoja de ruta para la creación de confianza","authors":"C. Güemes","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.190.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.190.08","url":null,"abstract":"La confianza entre actores predice la acción colectiva y la cooperación. Cuando existe confianza, los sujetos ofrecen menos resistencias para relacionarse y compartir información e innovar, dedican menos tiempo y recursos a controlar y vigilar al otro, y se sienten más cómodos y felices para entablar interacciones. Países con altos niveles de confianza tienen mayor eficiencia estatal, menor corrupción, más equidad social. Ahora bien, ¿qué sucede con los otros países? ¿Cómo se logra revertir escenarios donde la desconfianza es la regla y los círculos viciosos predominan? El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. Primero, se busca sistematizar la literatura existente sobre reparación de la confianza (dispersa en diferentes ámbitos disciplinarios) y proponer un esquema analítico útil. Segundo, se ofrece una hoja de ruta operativa con indicaciones para explorar los factores que determinan la desconfianza en cada caso (insatisfacción, imaginarios y emocionalidades) y encontrar las mejores respuestas a su reconstrucción, reparación o creación.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128588668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Popolo della Libertà: auge y caída de un partido conservador","authors":"Jorge del Palacio Martín","doi":"10.18042/CEPC/REP.189.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/CEPC/REP.189.06","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente articulo analiza la dimension ideologica del partido de Silvio Berlusconi el Popolo della Liberta (2008-2013). La atencion a la naturaleza ideologica del PdL se justifica porque su fracaso como partido conservador resulta un episodio crucial para entender la metamorfosis de la derecha italiana en el marco de la transformacion del sistema de partidos que se produce en la decada 2008-2018. El analisis concluye que la superacion de la competicion bipolar que caracterizo la Segunda Republica ha contribuido a reducir la capacidad de Berlusconi para movilizar al electorado hostil a la izquierda en clave anticomunista. EnglishThe following article analyses the ideological dimension of Silvio Berlusconi’s political party Popolo della Liberta (2008-2013). The focus on the ideological nature of the PdL is justified because its failure as a conservative party is a crucial factor, along with the transformation of the political party system in Italy, in understanding the metamorphosis of the Italian right between 2008 and 2018. The analysis concludes that the demise of the two-party system that characterized the Second Republic has contributed to reduce Berlusconi’s traditional ability to mobilise the anti-left wing electorate through an anticommunist discourse.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127027249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El origen del modelo representativo de la Constitución de 1978","authors":"Jorge Urdánoz Ganuza","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.186.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.186.01","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo persigue aclarar ciertos aspectos que no han sido bien explicados relativos al origen del modelo representativo espanol. Se persigue descubrir las «verdaderas intenciones» de los actores que disenaron los dos sistemas electorales incluidos en la Ley para la Reforma Politica de 1976, sistemas que luego pasaron en su mayor parte a la Constitucion de 1978. Se utiliza una fuente hasta ahora inedita aqui, los cables diplomaticos enviados por la embajada de Estados Unidos a la Secretaria de Estado. Se obtienen resultados diferentes a los tradicionalmente asumidos en torno a varios aspectos: a) el origen del bicameralismo; b) la adopcion de la proporcionalidad; c) las creencias de los diversos actores sobre el resultado electoral, y d) la importancia de la ruptura de Fraga con el equipo reformista del rey. Las conclusiones tienen que ver con la naturaleza de nuestro modelo representativo actual y con la importancia metodologica de las fuentes utilizadas, extrapolables seguramente a otros paises. EnglishThe article aims to clarify certain aspects concerning the origin of the Spanish representative model, aspects not well explained so far. The text seeks to discover the “true intentions” held by those politicians who designed the two electoral systems included in the 1976 Law for Political Reform, since both systems would be later largely incorporated to the 1978 Constitution. We use a source that has not been previously used in these matters - the diplomatic teletypes sent by the Spanish United States Embassy to the Secretary of State. We obtain new results concerning several topics: a) the origin of the bicameralism; b) the adoption of proportionality; c) the beliefs of main actors in respect to the imminent electoral results; and d) the importance of the breakup between Fraga and the rest of the reformist team led by the King. The conclusions relate with the essence of our current representative model and with the methodological importance of the used sources, since they can be probably extrapolated to other countries.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133521686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"¿Parlamentarismo sin mayorías o parlamentarismo «sin Gobierno»?","authors":"Guillermo De Lázaro","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.182.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.182.05","url":null,"abstract":"La fragmentacion y polarizacion de los sistemas de partidos en Europa esta dificultando cada vez mas la construccion de mayorias de gobierno. En Espana, la crisis de 2016 ha demostrado que puede ser imposible formar un Ejecutivo al comienzo de la legislatura y que esa situacion puede continuar tras unas nuevas elecciones. Parece claro que nuestro sistema electoral ya no incentiva la concentracion del voto, y que nuestro regimen parlamentario no esta preparado para asimilar ciertos resultados electorales, lo que facilita la reproduccion de bloqueos y largos periodos de interinidad. Todo ello comporta un serio riesgo de deslegitimacion del sistema politico. Este trabajo analiza los errores de la regulacion constitucional y los distintos factores que contribuyen a producir tales paralisis institucionales. Tambien estudia, de cara a una futura reforma de la Constitucion, las formulas existentes en el derecho comparado que garantizarian la designacion de un presidente del Gobierno tras unas elecciones generales.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126748298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El Estado constitucional como cultura democrática de la justificación","authors":"Mariano C. Melero de la Torre","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.182.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.182.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La utilidad del referéndum como acicate y contrapeso en las democracias representativas","authors":"Carlos Garrido López","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.181.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.181.05","url":null,"abstract":"The use of referendums has grown exponentially in recent years in comparative law and has become widespread at all levels of government, not only where it was already normalised as a usual channel for political participation, but also where it had previously solely been used to answer questions of great importance. This has shown that referendums can complement representative democracy, by enhancing its repre-sentativeness and acting as a counterbalance. However, it has also shown that not all referendums enrich democracy: it depends upon who is asking, what they are asking about and under what conditions the campaign is debated. In short, it depends on its guarantees. In this paper I analyse the functionality of several types of referendum and the principal guarantees that can be implemented to make them compatible with representative democracy, especially the expansion of people with the legal authority to lobby for their calling, the exclusion of certain issues in referendums and the requirements for a quorum or for a qualified majority for the result to be recognised as valid.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La izquierda hegeliana como nueva fase de la Ilustración","authors":"Arsenio Ginzo Fernández","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.181.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.181.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article tries to show that one of most significant features of the Young Hegelians is their vindication and prolongation of the Enlightenment´s legacy. There are two main reasons for it: first, the convition that Hegel had “frozen” the critical sprit of the Enlightenment excessively. Second, the opposition to the political (and religious) system of the Restoration, with its rejection of the Revolution and, at the same time, of the Enlightenment. The article underlines the Young Hegelians’ connection with the French Revolution and Enlightenment, and also the “worldly” and militant character of their philosophical activity. Finally, it seeks to show the quick process of secularization inside of the framework of the reception of Hegel’s philosophy and the crisis of the protestant tradition.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127231375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Italia, de la antipolítica al populismo","authors":"Jorge Del Palacio Martín","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.181.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.181.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"27 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Represión estatal y derechos humanos en sociedades de posguerra","authors":"Patricia Pinta Sierra","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.180.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.180.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125637502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El desarrollo de las concepciones precontemporáneas de la nación: una alternativa a las teorías modernistas","authors":"Mateo Ballester Rodríguez","doi":"10.18042/cepc/rep.180.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.180.10","url":null,"abstract":"n the theoretical study of the nation, the second half of the twentieth century was characterized by the disavowal of essentialist visions and the absolute predominance of modernist theories; that is, by the idea that national identity is a phenomenon exclusive to the contemporary age. In recent years, however, different studies have appeared that question this perspective and, whilst also maintaining distance from essentialism, defend the idea that the national phenomenon has an earlier historical origin. The approaches in this sense are varied; some are case studies, others present broader visions. Some authors simply intend to question the modernist perspective, whereas others provide a causal explanation with the aim of replacing it. The most relevant contributions are subjected to analysis and criticism in this study. It is argued that the pre-contemporary approach to the national phenomenon offers solid arguments to question modernist theories, and is thus achieving an increasing degree of acceptance. This suggests that the modernist perspective may lose its current status as a dominant paradigm in the future.","PeriodicalId":341143,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Políticos","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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