ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)最新文献_第9页

Lab Labor: What Can Labor Economists Learn from the Lab? 实验室劳动:劳动经济学家能从实验室学到什么?

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W15913

G. Charness, P. Kuhn

引用次数: 350

Report to Congress on the Root Causes of the Foreclosure Crisis 向国会报告丧失抵押品赎回权危机的根本原因

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-01-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1582496

Christopher E. Herbert, W. Apgar

引用次数: 33

Experimental Practices in Economics: Performativity and the Creation of Phenomena 经济学中的实验实践:表演性和现象的创造

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2010-01-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1587941

Dorothea Kübler

{"title":"Experimental Practices in Economics: Performativity and the Creation of Phenomena","authors":"Dorothea Kübler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1587941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1587941","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution provides a brief overview and discussion of the role of experiments in economics. It is argued that economic experiments have convinced economists and the public of the existence of phenomena that have been outside the scope of economics. The success of these experiments is partly due to the performative nature of experiments. To develop this argument, examples of experiments are provided, and two different sets of criticisms of experiments are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of which questions economists should address and how experiments can be used to study policy-relevant questions. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Experimentelle Praktiken in der Okonomie: Performativitat und die Erzeugung neuer Phanomene) Der Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit der Rolle von Experimenten in der Okonomie. Es wird argumentiert, dass Experimente dazu in der Lage sind, sowohl Okonomen als auch eine breitere Offentlichkeit davon zu uberzeugen, dass bestimmte Phanomene existieren, die vorher nicht als relevant fur die Okonomie angesehen oder gar nicht wahrgenommen wurden. Diese Wirkung von Experimenten beruht zu einem wichtigen Teil auf ihrer Performativitat. Um dieses Argument zu entwickeln, werden Beispiele fur Experimente gegeben, verschiedene Kritikpunkte an Experimenten diskutiert sowie die Frage aufgeworfen, was die Grenzen der Okonomie sind und wie Experimente zur Beantwortung wirtschaftspolitischer Fragen eingesetzt werden konnen.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127536175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Social Exclusion Orderings 社会排斥令

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-12-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1522084

S. Chakravarty, Claudio Zoli

引用次数: 4

School Accountability: (How) Can We Reward Schools and Avoid Cream-Skimming? 学校问责制:(如何)我们能在奖励学校的同时避免撇脂?

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1536399

Erwin Ooghe, E. Schokkaert

引用次数: 20

Expected Future Earnings, Taxation, and University Enrollment: A Microeconometric Model with Uncertainty 预期未来收入、税收与大学入学:一个不确定的微观计量模型

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1496865

Frank M. Fossen, D. Glocker

{"title":"Expected Future Earnings, Taxation, and University Enrollment: A Microeconometric Model with Uncertainty","authors":"Frank M. Fossen, D. Glocker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1496865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1496865","url":null,"abstract":"Taxation changes the expectations of prospective university students about their future level and uncertainty of after-tax income. To estimate the impact of taxes on university enrollment, we develop and estimate a structural microeconometric model, in which a high-school graduate decides to enter university studies if expected lifetime utility from this choice is greater than that anticipated from starting to work right away. We estimate the ex-ante future paths of the expectation and variance of net income for German high-school graduates, using only information available to those graduates at the time of the enrollment decision, accounting for multiple nonrandom selection and employing a microsimulation model to account for taxation. In addition to income uncertainty, the enrollment model takes into account university dropout and unemployment risks, as well as potential credit constraints. The estimation results are consistent with expectations. First, higher risk-adjusted returns to an academic education increase the probability of university enrollment. Second, high-school graduates are moderately risk averse, as indicated by the Arrow-Pratt coefficient of risk aversion estimated within the model. Thus, higher uncertainty among academics decreases enrollment rates. A simulation based on the estimated structural model indicates that a revenue-neutral, flat-rate tax reform with an unchanged basic tax allowance would increase enrollment rates for men in Germany because of the higher expected net income in the higher income range.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128342529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Entrepreneurship, Firm Entry, and the Taxation of Corporate Income: Evidence from Europe 企业家精神、企业进入与企业所得税:来自欧洲的证据

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-07-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1262204

Marco Da Rin, Marina Di Giacomo, A. Sembenelli

引用次数: 152

Understanding the Timing and Magnitude of Advertising Spending Patterns 了解广告支出模式的时间和规模

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1538262

Maarten J. Gijsenberg, H. J. Heerde, M. Dekimpe, M. Dekimpe, J. Steenkamp, V. Nijs

{"title":"Understanding the Timing and Magnitude of Advertising Spending Patterns","authors":"Maarten J. Gijsenberg, H. J. Heerde, M. Dekimpe, M. Dekimpe, J. Steenkamp, V. Nijs","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1538262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1538262","url":null,"abstract":"Notwithstanding the fact that advertising is one of the most used marketing tools, little is known about what is driving (i) the timing and (ii) the magnitude of advertising actions. Building on normative theory, the authors develop a parsimonious model that captures this dual investment process. They explain advertising spending patterns as observed in the market, and investigate the impact of company, competitive, and category-related factors on these decisions, thereby introducing the novel concept of Ad-sensor. Analyses are based on a unique combination of (i) weekly advertising data on 748 CPG brands in 129 product categories in the UK, (ii) household panel purchase data, and (iii) data on new product introductions. The analyzed brands include both large and small brands, both frequent and infrequent advertisers, thus providing a morecomplete and correct overview of the market. The results show that advertising spending patterns can be explained as real-life applications of the normative literature, in which advertising andadvertising goodwill management are embedded in dynamic (s,S) inventory systems. Adstock and Ad-sensor show a positive effect on both timing and magnitude decision. Competitive reasoning is found to have little to no effect on advertising decisions, whereas category-related factors do show an impact. The extent to which campaigning strategies are more or less the outcome of advertising goodwill management systems, however, varies across brands as a function of their relative size and advertising frequency.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Why Do Skilled Immigrants Struggle in the Labor Market? a Field Experiment with Six Thousand Resumes 为什么技术移民在劳动力市场上挣扎?6000份简历的实地实验

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1257/POL.3.4.148

Philip Oreopoulos

{"title":"Why Do Skilled Immigrants Struggle in the Labor Market? a Field Experiment with Six Thousand Resumes","authors":"Philip Oreopoulos","doi":"10.1257/POL.3.4.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/POL.3.4.148","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of resumes were sent in response to online job postings across multiple occupations in Toronto to investigate why Canadian immigrants, allowed in based on skill, struggle in the labor market. Resumes were constructed to plausibly represent recent immigrants under the point system from the three largest countries of origin (China, India, and Pakistan) and Britain, as well as non-immigrants with and without ethnic-sounding names. In addition to names, I randomized where applicants received their undergraduate degree, whether their job experience was gained in Toronto or Mumbai (or another foreign city), whether they listed being fluent in multiple languages (including French). The study produced four main findings: 1) Interview request rates for English-named applicants with Canadian education and experience were more than three times higher compared to resumes with Chinese, Indian, or Pakistani names with foreign education and experience (5 percent versus 16 percent), but were no different compared to foreign applicants from Britain. 2) Employers valued experience acquired in Canada much more than if acquired in a foreign country. Changing foreign resumes to include only experience from Canada raised callback rates to 11 percent. 3) Among resumes listing 4 to 6 years of Canadian experience, whether an applicant's degree was from Canada or not, or whether the applicant obtained additional Canadian education or not had no impact on the chances for an interview request. 4) Canadian applicants that differed only by name had substantially different callback rates: Those with English-sounding names received interview requests 40 percent more often than applicants with Chinese, Indian, or Pakistani names (16 percent versus 11 percent). Overall, the results suggest considerable employer discrimination against applicants with ethnic names or with experience from foreign firms.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124536107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 646

Heckle and Chide: Results of a Randomized Road Safety Intervention in Kenya Heckle和Chide:肯尼亚随机道路安全干预的结果

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1392472

James Habyarimana, W. Jack

{"title":"Heckle and Chide: Results of a Randomized Road Safety Intervention in Kenya","authors":"James Habyarimana, W. Jack","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1392472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1392472","url":null,"abstract":"In economies with weak enforcement of traffic regulations, drivers who adopt excessively risky behavior impose externalities on other vehicles, and on their own passengers. In light of the difficulties of correcting inter-vehicle externalities associated with weak third-party enforcement, this paper evaluates an intervention that aims instead to correct the intra-vehicle externality between a driver and his passengers, who face a collective action problem when deciding whether to exert social pressure on the driver if their safety is compromised. We report the results of a field experiment aimed at solving this collective action problem, which empowers passengers to take action. Evocative messages encouraging passengers to speak up were placed inside a random sample of over 1,000 long-distance Kenyan minibuses, or matatus, serving both as a focal point for, and to reduce the cost of, passenger action. Independent insurance claims data were collected for the treatment group and a control group before and after the intervention. Our results indicate that insurance claims fell by a half to two-thirds, from an annual rate of about 10 percent without the intervention, and that claims involving injury or death fell by at least 50 percent. Results of a driver survey eight months into the intervention suggest passenger heckling was a contributing factor to the improvement in safety.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"607 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66