ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)最新文献_第10页

The Peruvian Truth Commission's Mental Health Reparations: Empowering Survivors of Political Violence to Impact the Public Health Policy 秘鲁真相委员会的《精神健康赔偿:增强政治暴力幸存者影响公共卫生政策的能力》

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-09-28 DOI: 10.2307/4065405

M. Holguin, Lisa J. Laplante

引用次数: 29

'Civil' Nuclear Program - Serving the Dual Objectives of Retaining State's Hegemony on Citizens' Basic Energy Needs and Assuring Supply of Weapon Grade Ingredients: A Case Study on India “民用”核项目——服务于维持国家对公民基本能源需求的霸权和保证武器级原料供应的双重目标:以印度为例

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-09-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1262248

D. Dey

引用次数: 0

Medicare Part D&Apos;S Effects on Elderly Drug Costs and Utilization 医疗保险D&Apos部分对老年人药品成本和使用的影响

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/W14326

Jonathan D. Ketcham, K. Simon

{"title":"Medicare Part D&Apos;S Effects on Elderly Drug Costs and Utilization","authors":"Jonathan D. Ketcham, K. Simon","doi":"10.3386/W14326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W14326","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze Medicare Part D's net effect on elderly out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and use of prescription drugs using a dataset containing 1.4 billion prescription records from Wolters Kluwer Health (WKH). These data span the period December 2004-December 2007 and include pharmacy customers whose age as of 2007 is greater than 57 years. The outcomes we examine are OOP cost per day's supply of a medication, the days of medication supplied per capita, and the number of individuals filling prescriptions. We compare outcomes before vs. after January 2006, for those over age 66 years vs. for those age 58-64 years, adjusting for the under-reporting of certain cash-only transactions in the WKH data. Our results indicate that from 2005-2007, Part D reduced elderly OOP costs per day's supply of medication by 21.7%, and increased elderly use of prescription drugs by 4.7%, implying a price elasticity of demand of -0.22. These effects occurred primarily during the first year of the program. An age- and time-standardized comparison of our quantity results with previous estimates from Walgreens data shows that our findings are 2.6 times as large. We conclude that Part D lowered elderly patients' OOP costs substantially and increased utilization modestly, and note that in comparing results across studies on this topic, magnitudes may vary substantially due to differences in data and methods.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Dispersal Powers and the Symbolic Role of Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation 权力分散与反社会行为立法的象征作用

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2008.00714.x

A. Crawford

引用次数: 70

Skills Shortages are Not Always What They Seem: Migration and the Irish Software Industry 技术短缺并不总是像他们看起来的那样:移民和爱尔兰软件业

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-005X.2008.00201.x

J. Wickham, Ian Bruff

引用次数: 21

Research and Analysis for Manufactured Housing Foundations: Ground Anchor Verification Testing 人造房屋地基研究与分析:地锚验证试验

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1583091

J. Crandell

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Decentralized Data Entry on the Quality of Household Survey Data in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Vietnam 分散数据录入对发展中国家住户调查数据质量的影响:来自越南随机实验的证据

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/WBER/LHM023

P. Glewwe, Hai-Anh H. Dang

引用次数: 4

Environmental Munificence: An Analysis of Narco-Trafficking in Colombia (Spanish) 环境慷慨:哥伦比亚毒品贩运分析(西班牙语)

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-08-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1391030

Isaac de León-Beltrán, Eduardo Salcedo-Albarán

{"title":"Environmental Munificence: An Analysis of Narco-Trafficking in Colombia (Spanish)","authors":"Isaac de León-Beltrán, Eduardo Salcedo-Albarán","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1391030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1391030","url":null,"abstract":"The “environmental munificence” is a concept that allows for explaining the success of the drug traffickers organizations of Colombia. These organizations in Colombia have taken advantage of some dimensions of the environment to increase the volume of drug exports and the business revenue. Some of these dimensions are geographical; others could be seen as economic, political and social. The geographical closeness to the United States, the availability of land for illegal cultivation, the presence of qualified hand labor in the use of violence, the high corruption levels and the inefficiency in the administration of justice, are dimensions that can explain the strengthening of these criminal organizations in the last three decades. According to the evidence, the drug trafficking organizations have actually increased the generosity of the environment. One of the consequences of the strengthening of drug trafficking and the increase of the environmental munificence of drug trafficking is the development of a “criminal cluster”. The concepts of strategic management allow the explaining of some elements of the rationality of the drug trafficking organizations.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132198011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review - Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage 书评-哈伯特的高峰:即将来临的世界石油短缺

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-06-07 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1525614

A. Slaibi

引用次数: 2

Self-Confidence and Search 自信与探索

ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic) Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.956394

A. Falk, David Huffman, U. Sunde

{"title":"Self-Confidence and Search","authors":"A. Falk, David Huffman, U. Sunde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.956394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.956394","url":null,"abstract":"Standard search theory assumes that individuals know, with certainty, how they compare to competing searchers in terms of ability. In contrast, we hypothesize that searchers are uncertain about relative ability, with important implications for search behavior. We test our hypotheses in a laboratory experiment. The first main finding is that people are substantially uncertain about whether they are a type with a high or low probability of success, determined by being above or below the median in terms of ability. Self-confidence, defined as an individual’s self-assessed probability of being a high type, is too high (above zero) for many low types, and too low (below 1) for many high types. Second, people update beliefs based on search outcomes. Self-confidence increases or decreases in the right direction, but is less sensitive to new information than predicted by Bayes’ rule. Third, updating affects future search decisions: people are less likely to search as confidence about being a high type falls. Fourth, some search too little, and others search too much, due to wrong beliefs. Fifth, at the end of the experiment a substantial fraction turn down the chance to learn their exact rank. These are overwhelmingly those with low ability, suggesting an aversion to learning that one is one of the worst performers. Given that people are uncertain even in the simple setting of our experiment, our evidence strongly suggests that uncertainty about ability is relevant in more complex, real-world search settings, including search for a job or search for a mate. Focusing on the case of job search, we discuss how our findings can provide a new explanation for various important stylized facts from field evidence.","PeriodicalId":341058,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Primary Taxonomy (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117109338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48