Archives of Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"VANADIUM IN POULTRY NUTRITION","authors":"M. Zivkov-Balos, D. Ljubojević, S. Jakšić, Ž. Mihaljev, M. Pelić, T. Petrović, D. Šefer","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.84","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium (V) is essential element for poultry nutrition. Relatively low level of V (< 10 μg/kg of feed) is known to reduce both growth in chicks and Haugh unit value of eggs. The National Research Council (NRC) recommends the presence of very low levels of V in poultry diets, with the maximum tolerance level (MTL) being 10 mg/kg. Excessive vanadium in poultry diets has been shown to be detrimental to egg production, interior quality of eggs (albumen height), body weight and feed consumption. There is little information on the content of V in feedstuffs. Phosphates are known to be the cause of excessive V in various types of poultry diets. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the content of vanadium in phosphates and poultry feed. The samples were prepared by microwave wet digestion. Content of V was determined by the method of coupled plasma with mass spectrometry on the Agilent ICP-MS 7700. The concentrations of vanadium determined in the examined samples were above the minimum recommended levels for poultry feed, still not exceeding the maximum tolerable values.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45101489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE PRESENCE OF CULICOIDES SPP. IN SERBIA IN THE PERIOD 2015-2016","authors":"I. Pavlović, L. Veljović, V. Milićević, J. Maksimovic-Zoric, S. Stanojević, O. Radanovic, B. Đurić, B. Plavšić, A. Vasić","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Culicoides spp. includes small insects 0.5-2 mm in length, usually grey or black and at first glance very similar to mosquitoes. They are strictly hematophagous, feeding by attacking hosts outdoors and indoors (although they are less susceptible to the stationing like Aedes mosquitoesdo). The sting is very painful at the injection site and often followed by hypersensibilisation with the consequent formation of allergic dermatitis. Inaddition, the insects carry and transmit a multitude of diseases, often of a zoonotic character, and therefore are of great epidemiological importance. In our country, continuous monitoring of Culicolides spp. has been carried out and seasonal dynamics of their appearance in the period 2015-2016 is presented in this article. During October 2015, the presence of Culicolides spp. was confirmed in 10.00% of samples; in November, their presence was not established, whereas in December, 2.35% of samples proved positive for the presence of Culicolides spp. During 2016, from January to March, no Culicolides spp. were found in any of the examined samples. During April, their prevalence was 9.63%, in May - 6.74%, in June - 3.70%, in July - 15.78%, in August - 18.07%, in September - 27.27%, and in October - 45.65%. In Serbia, the dominant Culicoides spp. species are Obsoletus complex and Pulicaris complex established in 57.21% and 33.37% of samples, respectively. Other species are present in lesser extent. In Obsoletus complex, the dominant species was Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus. The percentage of Culicoides obsoletus /scoticus males in samples was 25.52%. Non-pigmented (young) females were present in 66.06% of samples; females who took blood in 7.55% and 0.87% were gravid females. In Pulicaris complex, the dominant species was Culicoides pulicaris. Males of Culicoides pulicaris were found in 19.23% of samples, non-pigmented (young) females in 70.96%, females who took blood in 9.08% while 0.73% were gravid females.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49621708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID CALCIUM SOURCE ON EGGSHELL QUALITY","authors":"K. Nešić, N. Pavlović, V. Radosavljevic, M. Gavrilović","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the world’s population will enlarge by 25% by the middle of this century, resulting in the food production increase by at least 60%. Intensifying egg production is one of the most affordable solutions to provide animal protein. Among many other efforts to improve the quality of eggs, special attention is paid to attempts to provide a better endurance and strength of eggshell, due to the fact that the production of eggs with broken, cracked or soft shells incurs significant economic losses. One of the most important factors to achieve this goal is careful adjustment of calcium in the diet of laying hens, but the nutritional role of calcium is closely linked to that of phosphorus and the effect of vitamin D. \u0000The aim of the experiment was to determine whether two different nutritional supplements of calcium, applied in drinking water of laying hens for two weeks have any significant influence on the shell egg quality. Statistically very significant difference in egg production was observed in the treatment with the product containing calcium and phosphorus. On the other hand, the product consisting of calcium and vitamin D3 had no beneficial impact on the egg parameters.  \u0000Based on the obtained results and literature data, it can be concluded that the amount and source of calcium in the diet of laying hens is a very complex and not fully solved issue. Therefore, especially keeping in mind the duration of the experiment, additional research is needed on this subject.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENTLY UNKNOWN ASPECTS OF POULTRY NECROTIC ENTERITIS PATHOGENESIS","authors":"D. Milanov, N. Aleksic, M. Baloš, M. Pajić, S. Knežević","doi":"10.46784/E-AVM.V12I1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/E-AVM.V12I1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotic enteritis (NE) or poultry clostridiosis is a disease which poses enormous health problems and makes tremendous economic losses to intensive poultry production worldwide. Despite having been targeted in extensive research for decades, a number of aspects of its pathogenesis remain unknown. For more than 30 years alfa-toxin has been considered to be the main virulence factor of the causative agent, but experimental research using a mutant Clostridium perfringens strain lacking the gene coding for this confirmed that alpha-toxin is not necessary for pathogenesis. Since the 1980s, NetB toxin has been the main suspected virulence factor. However, recently it has been discovered that the large clostridial cytotoxin named TpeL also contributes to the pathogenesis of NE. In spite of that, the prevalence of the genes which code for these toxins vary between the isolates of C. perfringens from the intestines of diseased poultry, which made clear that further investigation into their roles is necessary. It has been agreed that specific intestinal environmental conditions, which favour the growth and multiplication of C. perfringens, are key factors to the emergence of disease. Given that a battery of non-specific factors contributes to pathogenesis, as well as that it is impossible to eliminate them in intensive poultry production, not much hope remains that NE can be controlled. In this short review, the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of NE has been summarized.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USUTU VIRUS: AN EMERGING FLAVIVIRUS IN EUROPE","authors":"I. Hrnjaković Cvjetković, T. Petrović, D. Petrić, U. Milošević, Jelena Radovanov, G. Kovačević, Aleksandra Jovanović Galović, Aleksandra Patić, N. Nikolic, D. Cvjetković, Sandra Stefan Mikić, V. Milošević","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.79","url":null,"abstract":"Among various arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), the flaviviruses stand out with regard to their number, geographic distribution and importance in both human and veterinary medicine. West Nile virus is flavivirus, present endemic in many European countries as well as in Serbia where it circulates in horses, birds, humans and mosquitoes. Usutu virus (USUV) is flavivirus morphologically, antigenically, genetically and ecologically very similar to WNV, which circulates in neighbouring countries (Hungary, Croatia, Austria). The USUV is maintained in transmissible cycle between birds and mosquitoes mainly from the genus Culex. Mammals (humans, horses, rodents) can also be infected. Humans and other mammals are “dead end” hosts. Virus is isolated from numerous bird species. The USUV infections are asymptomatic in wild African birds, while for European birds, the virus is very virulent causing necrotizing focal encephalitis, degenerative myocarditis and fatal encephalitis. It is assumed that the virus was introduced into Europe by the migratory birds that have been infected by living or passing through endemic areas in Africa. First human cases were recorded in Italy in 2009. The genome of USUV was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of woman suffering from B-cell lymphoma with meningoencephalitis and in plasma of a female, who was subjected to a liver transplantation and subsequently developed fever, headache, and fulminant hepatitis which progressed to coma. In Austria, USUV infections were confirmed in people with a skin rash of unknown aetiology using plaque reduction neutralization test. The circulation of USUV has been proven in humans in many European countries by serological studies (Germany, Italy, and Croatia). Serological study performed in 2015 revealed that USUV is present in inhabitants of South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Serum samples were tested using commercial ELISA IgG test for USUV and IgG antibodies against USUV were detected in 5% (4/88) of patients. The molecular investigation included 216 pools of mosquitoes collected in the period from June to September, in the South Bačka District. The USUV genome was detected in two mosquito pools (2/216). In human samples tested by RT PCR, USUV genome was not found.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella bronchiseptica tracheobronchitis in dog.","authors":"D. Milanov, M. Đilas, M. Velhner, N. Aleksic","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper the laboratory isolation and identification of Bordatella bronchiseptica, the causative agent of canine tracheobronhitis, is described. A dog which suffered persistent cough, loss of appetite and fever was previously unsucceffully treated with antibiotics, which is why nasal swabs were taken and sent for microbiological assessment. The isolation of the causative agent was performed on routinely used standard solid growth mediums. The final identification of the isolate was done with MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight) and real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. Therapy based on the results of the antibiogram lead to successful recovery. The necessity of cooperation of veterinary clinicians and veterinary microbiologists for timely and reliable identification of the microbe(s) and selection of antimicrobials based on the results of the susceptibility testing is emphasized. The significance of the collaboration between microbiological veterinary laboratories and those dealing with human material is underlined. These can provide precise identification of zoonotic agents.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42301628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flaviviruses at the territory of Serbia – present situation and challenges","authors":"T. Petrović, M. Šekler, D. Petrić, D. Vidanović, A. Potkonjak, I. H. Cvjetković, S. Savić, Z. Debeljak, G. Lazić, A. I. Ćupina, D. Lupulović, Milena Samojlović, A. Jurišić, A. Petrovič, I. Ivanović, V. Milošević, S. Lazić","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to summarize the data on the occurrence, presence and prevalence of some zoonotic flaviviruses, which have been actively circulating in the territory of the Republic of Serbia during past decade. The genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae,encompasses vector-transmitted viruses with zoonotic potential. The genus is comprised of more than 70 viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and ticks. Some of those are associated only with human diseases (such as yellow fever and dengue fever), whereas others can cause diseases in both humans and animals. Animals are major reservoirs and primary hosts for the latter group. The virus transmission to other animal species or humans occurs via diverse vectors – mostly mosquitoes and ticks. A range of these virus species is widely distributed worldwide, especially in tropical and sub-tropical climatic zones. Some representatives of these species have only recently been identified at the territory of Republic of Serbia. This paper gives an evidence on the presence and distribution of West-Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and Usutu virus that were conducted within the study in Serbia. The research pointed out the presence of recently detected West-Nile virus and Usutu virus as well as the current circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus, for which only limited serological evidence on the presence of virus-specific antibodies in humans was available so far. In the aspect of public health, the full understanding of the importance of identification and prevalence of different flaviviruses still require further comprehensive entomologicalacarological, seroepidemiological, clinical and virological research. ","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46076299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fumonisins in pig feed","authors":"S. Jakšić, N. Popov, M. Baloš, J. Prodanov-Radulović, B. Abramović","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Fumonisins are mycotoxins belonging to a group of potential carcinogens for humans. It is well known that they also have potentially harmful effects on various species of animals. After consumption, in the horse they may cause leukoencefalomalation, and in pig pulmonary edema. The legal regulations in Serbia do not prescribe the maximum allowed levels (ML) of fumonisins in feed. As products of Fusarium, fumonisins are often detected in corn, and their presence in wheat is also proven. However, there is not enough data on the occurrence and levels of these mycotoxins in feed. Considering the harmful effect of fumonisin on pig health and data on corn contamination, the aim of this paper is to examine the concentration of fumonisins in feed for pigs. A sum of fumonisins (B1, B2 and B3) in a total of 30 samples of feed for different categories of pigs was tested. Fumonisins were found in 83% of the examined samples. Although no sample contained more than 5 mg/kg (the maximum recommended level according to EU regulation), studies on the effect of low-dose toxin on pig health and the frequent grain contamination with multiple mycotoxins pointed out the necessity of monitoring of fumonisins levels in pig feed.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and spreading of Brucella ovis in South Bačka and Srem District","authors":"S. Savić, M. Z. Žekić Stošić, I. Pušić, V. Polaček, Ž. Grgić, D. Marcic, M. Dačić, D. Bugarski","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Ovine brucellosis can cause epididymitis and reduce fertility in rams and therefore is an important disease in sheep and rams from economic point of view. Sometimes it causes abortions and increased perinatal mortality in sheep as well, but it primarily affects male animals. Brucella ovis was first identified in northern region of Serbia, in 2008-2009 during a research study. Specific antibodies against Brucella ovis were detected in the sheep that originated from Becej and Titel municipalities in the South Bačka district. The prevalence was low, only 0.89%. For the purpose of this study, a total number of 6,407 serum samples from rams and sheep were used. All of the samples were from the northern part of Serbia, belonging to South Bačka and Srem districts. Serological test was performed in order to determine the presence of specific antibodies against Brucella ovis in rams and sheep, by ELISA test (indirect ELISA - iELISA). The prevalence varied from 0% - 19.3% during the years. If we look into the municipalities of South Bačka and Srem district, we can see that the numbers of positive samples are different, and the number of analyzed samples varies. The overall seroprevalence from 2014-2018 in South Bačka and Srem district is 6.15%, but it varies significantly among different municipalities from 0 to 26%. The majority of analyzed sample were from rams and all of the positive findings are in rams. Only a small number of sheep (female) has been examined so far, so the prevalence among females is still unknown.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46774911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal welfare standards in red deer (Cervus elaphus) farming","authors":"M. Urošević, Bruno Esattore, Laura Saggiomo, Z. Ristić, N. Stojanac","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i2.22","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, significant interest of consumers in game meat and products has reflected in the worldwide development of wild animal farming. Among the different farmed species, the Red deer (Cervus elaphus) takes an important place, being farmed in several different countries around the world and in most countries within the European Union. In this regard, the European Union has promulgated laws and regulations aimed at defining and organizing this business as well as ensuring the welfare of the animals. So far, relevant data on this topic are not available in Serbia probably due to the lack of deer farms across the country. In this paper, we will review the major issues related to Red deer keeping (i.e., housing, feeding and watering practices, management and handling, transport and velvet harvest) and give the proposals as a basic guideline principles for future Red deer farming in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}