Archives of Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS, A NEW THREAT IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE?","authors":"M. Velhner, Ljubica Bratić, S. Savić, D. Todorović, B. Prunić, D. Milanov","doi":"10.46784/E-AVM.V12I2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/E-AVM.V12I2.59","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we briefl y described the worldwide distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs and cats. Th e most common sequence type of MRSP strains in dogs is ST71 as it was detected in isolates on four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America). However, several diff erent MRSP sequence types are detected in small animals, and the presence of new genetic variants is continually reported. Sometimes isolates belonging to the same sequence type (ST) are detected in dogs, cats, their owners, and veterinarians. MRSP is oft en multidrug-resistant and its resistance patterns are usually linked to certain sequence types. Th e resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofl oxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is also recorded. Taking into account that MRSP tends to confer multidrug-resistant phenotype, it is quite challenging for veterinarians to give adequate therapy in clinically ill animals. It would seem as if the signifi cance of MRSP in the clinical epidemiology of humans is not fi rmly established. However, the importance of MRSP in human medicine should not be underestimated given the fact that all methicillinresistant Staphylococcus spp. carry resistance and virulence genes and have the potential to share their genetic elements with other bacteria.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SALMONELLA CONTROL IN POULTRY PRODUCTION AND RESISTANCE MONITORING IN SERBIA","authors":"M. Velhner, D. Potkonjak, I. Stojanov, D. Stojanovic, J. Petrović, G. Kozoderović","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v4i2.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v4i2.182","url":null,"abstract":"A new regulation on Salmonella control in Serbia has been implemented recently. The main goal is to eliminate two most common serovars, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) from the poultry farms and to keep the infections caused by these bacteria under control. Experimental work conducted in the past decade in our Institute provided evidence that Salmonella is transmitted easily in a flock and is hard to be eliminated from the farms and hatcheries. This is in good agreement with the published research work by other authors. It is also evident that good management practice and vaccination strategy must be implemented in poultry production. Therefore a simple questionnaire for poultry producers and hatchery experts to provide a quick overview of the management practice was designed in order to find out shortcomings. Salmonella monitoring must be conducted by applying bacteriological examination while serology control is efficient more during exploitation and less during rearing. However, it was found out that bacteriology and serology can be successfully combined in order to estimate the infection status. Although regular bacteriological screening for salmonella is compulsory, some farmers in the country do not pursue this type of analysis at the recommended frequency. Subsequently, those who send the samples for bacteriological examination more often seem to have more salmonella related problems. The most frequent finding of salmonella was in the chickens that died during transportation and the first three days of life and from paper pads. Extremely rare finding of salmonella was in breeding eggs and even rarer in table eggs. If environmental samples from commercial layers are positive, serology testing is recommended. Salmonella isolated from chickens and farm premises in Serbia were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. Multiple resistances was quite seldom but approximately 20% of the isolates were quinolone resistant. The resistance to fluoroquinolones was not detected. However, Salmonella highly resistant to nalidixic acid with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) to NAL > 512 mg/ml were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin, although MICs to CIP were still below the CLSI recommended breakpoint (R > 4 mg/ml). Similar reports were obtained in investigation of salmonella isolated from human stool and the research indicates that the most frequent serovar in the country in humans, food and poultry include Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WATER CONTENT IN HONEY PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT YEARS","authors":"M. Zivkov-Balos, S. Jakšić, N. Popov, Ž. Mihaljev, Dragana Ljubojevic-Pelic","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.42","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred thirty-three honey samples of different floral origin from two different production years (2017 and 2018) from Serbia were examined in order to determine water content. The water content in honey affects physical, microbiological, sensory properties, and commercial value of honey. The water content in all examined honey samples produced in 2017 (56) was below maximum permissible level set by local regulations for honey. Out of the total of 77 tested honey samples that were produced in 2018, 3 samples (3.9%) did not comply with the provisions of the Regulation. By analysing honey samples originating from 2017, there was a significant difference between the water contents betwen linden honey and honeydew (p = 0.0027). The same result was obtained based on the water content in different honey types from the year 2018 (p = 0.00022). Using the F test, it has been shown that there is no significant difference in the water content between certain types of honey produced in these two years ( 2017 and 2018).","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AFLATOXIN M1 IN MILK AND ASSESSING THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS OCCURRENCE IN MILK PRODUCTS","authors":"S. Jakšić, M. Baloš, J. Radulović, I. Jajić, S. Krstović, I. Stojanov, Z. Mašić","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.80","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic derivative of aflatoxin B1 excreted into the milk after ingestion of contaminated feed. The presenceof AFM1 in milk and milk products is of huge concern for human health. In this paper, the results on long term assessment of AFM1 in milk produced in Serbia are presented. In the period 2013 to 2016, 427 milk samples were examined for AFM1. In 34.4 % of samples, the content of AFM1was higher than 0.05 μg/kg. The article also offers a review of the fate of aflatoxin in milk products during the different operations in milk processing. The evaluation of the influence of processing on AFM1 stability can propose economic strategy for resolving cases of accidents due to AFM-1contamination of milk.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45675808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEROPREVALENCE OF INFECTION WITH TOXOPLASMA GONDII AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF SOUTH BACKA DISTRICT, SERBIA","authors":"I. H. Cvjetković, V. Milošević, T. Petrović, D. Petrić, Jelena Radovanov, G. Kovačević, Aleksandra Patić, N. Nikolic, Nela Dopudj, Sandra Stefan, D. Cvjetković","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous coccidian protozoan that can infect a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including humans. For immunocompetent humans it is a well-adapted parasite that usually causes asymptomatic infection. However, in congenitally infected infants and immunocompromised patients it can cause a serious life threatening disease. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of anti-toxoplasma antibodies among residents of the South Backa District, Serbia. During the period from January 2014 to December 2018, sera from 11,288 persons from South Backa District were tested on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA test (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The testing was performed on the automatic device Euroimmun Analyzer I-2P. The avidity of IgG WNV antibodies was determined for IgG positive sera using commercial avidity test (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). In total, out of 11,288 patients who were tested for toxoplasma antibodies, the results were positive for 2,513 (22.26%). In 2014 seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii was 25.78% (464/1800), in 2015 it was 23.30% (400/1717), in 2016 it amounted 20.99% (474/2258), in 2017 it was 21.47% (529/2464) and in 2018 seropositivity was 20.96% (639/3049). Seropositivity of 26.53% (390/1470) was found in males and it amounted 21.62% (2123/9818) in females. Possible recent infection within the last 12 months was found in 1.70% (192/11288) patients. Possible acute infection or false - positive IgM result was detected in 1.31% (148/11288) patients. Past infection was found in 2173/11288 (19.25%) patients. Equivocal results were found in 1.48% of samples (167/11288). The lowest frequency of anti-toxoplasma antibodies was detected in pre-school children 13.07% (97/742) and the highest in persons older than 65 years 60.18% (65/108). Comparing the results of the research done from 2014 to 2018 with the data from 1989, a significant decline of seroprevalence in general population and women of generative age was found.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44541046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DID INTENSIVE FLOODS INFLUENCE HIGHER INCIDENCE RATE OF THE WEST NILE VIRUS IN THE POPULATION EXPOSED TO FLOODING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA IN 2014?","authors":"Nina Rodić Vukmir, J. Bojanić, B. Mijovic, T. Roganović, Jelena M. Aćimović","doi":"10.46784/E-AVM.V12I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/E-AVM.V12I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is definitely one of the greatest challenges of human development in the 21st century. Climate change is expected to increase the risk of communicable diseases in Europe. This impact will depend not only on local climatic conditions, but on other factors, such as current infrastructure, public health services, biodiversity specificity, etc. The population in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia has been severely affected by the floods caused by cyclone Tamara in 2014. The basic mode of transmission of the disease caused by the West Nile virus is the bite of the infected mosquito. The West Nile virus is not transmitted among humans through contact, nor can it be transmitted from infected birds to humans without mosquito bite. The aim of the study was to analyze and present the trend of this disease in the period 2014-2018 and to show the connection between the spatial occurrence of cases and location of the flooded area in 2014 in the Republic of Srpska. Using the descriptive method, the demographic data of the patients were analysed, the most common clinical form of the disease and the incidence of the disease in the period 2014-2018 was analysed. The cases were mapped and we analysed the connection of the case and location that was flooded. The incidence ranged from 0.79 in 2014 to 0.43 in 2018. Patients were of all age groups and both sexes, most commonly cases from rural areas (78%). The most common clinical form of the disease is shown, which were symptoms of the central nervous system infection. Out of the total number of patients, 94% were from flooded areas. All reported cases have been diagnosed at the Institute of Microbiology at the University Clinical Center of Republika Srpska and were reported as probable cases in accordance with the international case definition of communicable diseases. However, it is crucial to implement internationally endorsed procedures as a clinical alghoritm for the confirmation of the case in accordance with the laboratory criteria for the case definition. The occurrence, frequency and spatial distribution of cases indicates a possible connection with the floods in 2014.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49125265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCIDENCE OF HYDROMETRA IN GOATS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS","authors":"T. Barna, J. Apić, D. Bugarski, Nevena Maksimović, Aleksandar Mašić, Z. Novaković, A. Milovanovic","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.77","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of hydrometra was analyzed on five dairy goat farms (one Saanen and four Alpine) in a period of one to three years, from 2013 to 2016. Total of 3,355 goats were scanned by ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis after breeding season or out-of-season upon hormonal synchronization. Overall incidence of hydrometra was 1.37%. One farm of Saanen goats demonstrated statistically higher incidence of hydro/pyometra as compared to other four Alpine farms (3.25% vs. 0.56%; p <0.001). Seasonal synchronization of anestric goats and occasional outof-season synchronization in nulliparous Saanen goats probably contributed to higher incidence of this pathological condition (7/67; 10.45%), thus leaving unclear if this results can be attributed to breed affinity and/or to intensive reproductive management. Treatment with double prostaglandin injections and antibiotic treatment of hydrometra/pyometra resulted in relatively good conception rate of 64% (16/25). In conclusion, regular ultrasonography 40-70 days after mating or insemination is of crucial importance for intensive farm reproductive management on large dairy goat farms. After the treatment, significant percentage of goats with hydrometra can be successfully rebred.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STURGEON DISEASES IN AQUACULTURE","authors":"V. Radosavljevic, V. Milićević, J. Maksimovic-Zoric, L. Veljović, K. Nešić, M. Pavlovic, D. Ljubojević Pelić, Z. Markovic","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Sturgeon aquaculture is economically important in many countries, for both meat and caviar production. Sturgeon is the common name for 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. Among them, only the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) completes the lifecycle in fresh water. In Serbia, in the last few years, aquaculture enterprises have shown more interest in farming these fish species. Also, the importance of sturgeon aquaculture grows due to the rapid decrease of wild populations caused by overfishing, water pollution and destruction of habitat. The development of sturgeon aquaculture activities has been accompanied by the disease outbreaks, and possibility of the emergence and rapid dissemination of several infectious disease agents may represent serious problem in sturgeon aquaculture. Several viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases have been reported worldwide. Due to the limited knowledge about epizootiology and disease control methods, infectious diseases may represent a major challenge in sturgeon aquaculture. Moreover, none of the diseases reported in sturgeon are regulated in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) or European Union (EU) legislations. Due to the increasing interest in sturgeon aquaculture in Serbia present study is focused on the most important pathogens that may represent a threat to sturgeon aquaculture in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44433558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACILITIES FOR ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION AS SALMONELLA RESERVOIRS AND SOURCES OF FINAL PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION","authors":"B. Prunić, D. Milanov, Aleksandar Mašić, S. Jakšić, K. Nešić","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Animal feed is the first link in the cycle “farm to fork” and the first potential place for entry of alimentary pathogens into the food chain. Specialattention is given to bacteria from the genus Salmonella due to significant health and economic concerns related to salmonellosis in both human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Animal feed can become infected with salmonella through contaminated raw materials of animal and plant origin, but contamination of final products can occur during processing and postprocessing in facilities for their production. The life cycle of Salmonella species occurs partly in higher organisms, and partly in the living environment. Their ubiquitous distribution and survival in the environment (outside the host organism) in soil, water, on plant matter as well as on various artificial materials is made possible by the formation of multicellular communities known as the biofilm. Biofilms are multicellular bacterial formations that are irreversibly adhered to surfaces, incorporated into the extracellular substance produced by themselves and which exhibit significantly different properties (biofilm phenotype) in relation to those that grow in the suspension (planktonic phenotype). One of the most important characteristics of biofilm phenotype is the increased bacterial resistance to various stress factors in the environment, including chemical and thermal treatments, and the mechanical cleaning and sanitation. By creating the biofilm, salmonella enables its survival and persistence for months or years on equipment and working surfaces in animal feed production facilities. Due to the ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella species in nature, and therefore on plant matter as the primary raw material for the production of animal feed, it is unlikely that Salmonella could be eradicated from the food chain. Control measures should be directed to the prevention of contamination.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN EXAMPLE OF RATIONAL DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE CONTROL – PULCAP","authors":"A. Pavličević, R. Ratajac, I. Stojanov, I. Pavlović","doi":"10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v12i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"The irrational control of Dermanyssus gallinae ectoparasites (De Geer, 1778) in intensive livestock can cause health problems, economic damage, and can also toxicologically harm the health of humans and the environment. Formulation P 547/17 (Pulcap) is a new generation of inert matter (an oil). In Pulcap formulation and technology, the fulfilment of rigorous criteria for rational control of D. gallinae were tested and present in this paper. Those criteria are the following: the safety of the preparation (i.e. the preparation is non-toxic); the feasibility of application of the preparation in facilities, for handling transport cages, on used cages and equipment, as well as in inhabited buildings; the method of application - the preparation is applied by spray method (external application). The aim of the application was also considered. It is to make the control effective, on the condition that eradication is feasible. Then, the conditionality, which imply that the application of this preparation requires fulfilling hygienic conditions, break of production in facilities, a certain temperature and professional approach to it. The efficacy of the preparation is another important criterion. It implies that the clinical results of the application have been monitored in different conditions at different time intervals. It has been proven that there is no resistance to this preparation. The disadvantages of the preparations were also observed. It is the absence of prolonged action on absorbent surfaces, the delay in starting the egg bar and discharging, which increases contamination. The whole program / plan of long-term control has been developed. The cost-effectiveness of the product is the ratio of price and efficiency on an annual level. Eradication is the most economical method of controlling D. gallinae, which relieved farmers from all further costs. There is a great challenge for each type of D. gallinae control, especially the rational one. Reconsidering and further development of the approach of rational control is a way to improve the control of D. gallinae, which we want to encourage.","PeriodicalId":34085,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}