Islam Zaher, R. Rodriguez, Ehab Sayed, A. Callegaro, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi
{"title":"Effect of Rotor Geometry on Rotor Air Cooling of a Ventilated Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine","authors":"Islam Zaher, R. Rodriguez, Ehab Sayed, A. Callegaro, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490086","url":null,"abstract":"High heat losses are generated in the rotors of Axial-flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machines due to their high power density. Therefore, they require intensive cooling to maintain safe continuous and peak power operation. For ventilated-type machines, air cooling is the predominant cooling method that keeps the rotor magnets temperature below critical limits. Integration of air-cooling features such as protruding magnets, rotor vents, and rotor integrated fan blades into machines has been widely investigated. These features improve the overall cooling of the machine and eliminate the reliance on external cooling devices. This study investigates different rotor geometries, including either a single or a combination of the mentioned features, and assesses their thermal performance and cooling efficiency considering associated windage losses. From the simulated cases, it was found that rotors with geometrical features that allow though-flow ventilation to directly cool the magnets are more efficient compared to others that rely on indirect cooling.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego F. Valencia, Rasul Tarvirdilu-Asl, C. Garcia, José Raúl Rodríguez Rodríguez, A. Emadi
{"title":"A Look-up Table-based Model Predictive Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives with Improved Prediction","authors":"Diego F. Valencia, Rasul Tarvirdilu-Asl, C. Garcia, José Raúl Rodríguez Rodríguez, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490078","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a predictive torque control strategy based on look-up tables with improved delay compensation to enhance prediction capabilities. The tables or static maps contain the flux linkage and torque characteristics of the machine, which provides higher prediction accuracy compared to approximated analytical models. The delay compensation is enhanced by including a Kalman filter stage. The algorithm is validated through simulations and experiments using a 5.5 kW, 12/8 SRM. The results evidenced improved torque sharing capabilities with respect to conventional methods and other predictive control strategies by offering a trade-off between torque ripple production, average torque and average torque per ampere.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdem Asa, O. Onar, V. Galigekere, Rong, Zeng, G. Su, B. Ozpineci
{"title":"A Novel Three Phase Oak Ridge DC / AC Converter for Wireless Grid Tied Applications","authors":"Erdem Asa, O. Onar, V. Galigekere, Rong, Zeng, G. Su, B. Ozpineci","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490101","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel three phase oak ridge dc to ac converter is introduced for wireless mobility energy storage (WMES) applications to support the grid demand during peak times. The proposed topology can be used in a bi-directional operation between ac grid and dc terminals of energy storage by accomplishing unity power factor. Inherent merit of the technology can directly merge dc input to the high frequency and 60 Hz grid frequency by superimposing through the wireless coils. Theoretical and simulation results are validated by the simulation analysis for 20 kW output power. The functionality of the proposed three phase system is established by using 6 inches air gap between the couplers with the input of 675 VDC and output of 277 VAC, RMS. The system overall design analysis is demonstrated for simulation analysis and simulation results are presented achieving 3% current total harmonic distortion (THD) and 0.99 power factor (PF) at full load 20 kW wireless power transfer.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133940837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssef Louca, Eiman ElGhanam, Mohamed S. Hassan, A. Osman
{"title":"Design and Modeling of Auxiliary Misalignment Detection Coils for Dynamic Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems","authors":"Youssef Louca, Eiman ElGhanam, Mohamed S. Hassan, A. Osman","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490124","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the inherent misalignment variations in dynamic wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, it is essential to implement effective misalignment detection and correction techniques to maximize the amount of energy received by the EV. A misalignment detection system consists of detector coils or sensors, and the corresponding detection circuitry. In this work, the design details of the auxiliary misalignment detection coils are presented. In particular, the paper investigates the effect of the number of turns of the auxiliary coils, their turn-to-turn spacing, and their positions relative to the edges of the secondary coil, on their lateral misalignment detection capability. Based on the conducted simulations, it is observed that increasing the number of turns as well as the turn-to-turn spacing of the auxiliary coils both significantly improve their misalignment detection capability by improving the resultant mutual inductance variations with lateral misalignments. Also, the optimal position of the auxiliary coils is determined to be 200 mm from both edges of the secondary coil.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134240633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kuptsov, P. Fajri, Md. Rasheduzzaman, M. Shadmand
{"title":"Propulsion Assisting Roads for Driving Range Extension of Electric Vehicles","authors":"V. Kuptsov, P. Fajri, Md. Rasheduzzaman, M. Shadmand","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new concept of propulsion assisting roads (PARs) for electric vehicles (EVs) which can be considered as an alternative to the dynamic wireless charging technology. While both concepts of PARs and dynamic wireless charging pursue the goal of extending the driving range of EVs and utilize the same principle of energized coils embedded under the surface of the road, the concept of PARs is based on direct conversion of electrical energy into kinematic energy for propelling the vehicle in the fashion of linear electrical motor operation. In this paper, the authors propose a simple and cost-effective implementation of such system based on linear induction motor (LIM) with moving passive secondary mounted underneath the vehicle and compare it with the dynamic wireless charging. A conceptual design of LIM is validated with 2D finite element analysis and simulation results are presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of Electric Vehicle Load and Charging Infrastructure in Distribution Network","authors":"Vivienne Hui Fan, K. Meng, Zhaoyang Dong","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490169","url":null,"abstract":"While road electrification offers economic and environmental advantages, the non-conventional load due to electric vehicles usage and charging patterns pose challenges to distribution systems. The strategic design of charging infrastructure is becoming an essential element to facilitate power system planning and decision-making process. This paper presents a probabilistic method to derive charging patterns and estimate the electric vehicle demand profiles under uncertainty and variability. We apply a Gaussian copula to capture correlations between the key multivariates. We investigate the optimal location and size of charging stations based on queueing theory and intercepted traffic flow model. We examine the impact of the charging demand occurred in residential and public area on distribution expansion investment and incremental operational cost. The feasibility of the approach is tested on an interconnected distribution grid and transportation system. The case studies show that a careful probabilistic analysis of the randomness intrinsic to the charging behavior is of great importance to define and implement an integrated power and transportation system design.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134361226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gayan Watthewaduge, Ehab Sayed, A. Emadi, B. Bilgin
{"title":"Reluctance Mesh-Based Modeling of Switched Reluctance Machines","authors":"Gayan Watthewaduge, Ehab Sayed, A. Emadi, B. Bilgin","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490134","url":null,"abstract":"Design of switched reluctance machines requires repetitive finite element (FE) simulations with considerable computational time and burden. These simulations slow down the design process and require powerful computational resources. The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) technique resembles an alternative with a reasonable computational time and fair accuracy. This paper proposes a reluctance mesh-based magnetic circuit model of SRMs. Here, MEC models of a 3-phase 6/4 and a 4-phase 8/6 SRMs are developed. The models provide the airgap flux density in addition to the static flux-linkage and torque characteristics. The results obtained by the MEC models show a good agreement with those obtained using the corresponding FE models.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132001269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Surface Temperature Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Feedforward and Recurrent Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Mina Naguib, P. Kollmeyer, Carlos Vidal, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490043","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries are an essential component in electric vehicles. A robust battery management system (BMS) must be able to estimate the battery states including state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and, ideally, battery temperature as well. The cells in the pack may experience significant temperature differences during operation, and this would typically be monitored by a multitude of temperature sensors. A surface temperature estimation model can be used to reduce the number of sensors necessary for a pack, which has the side benefit of reducing cost and potentially increasing reliability. In this paper, two data-driven models are proposed to estimate the surface temperature of Li-ion batteries. The first model is based on a feed-forward neural network (FNN), while the second model is based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM). These models are trained and tested using cylindrical cell drive cycle data at a range of temperatures. The LSTM model is shown to be capable of estimating temperature with no more than a few degrees Celsius of error, even for challenging low temperature and varying temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134415425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyan Zhang, Zichao Jin, Chengxiu Chen, Selin Yaman, M. Krishnamurthy
{"title":"A Hybrid Time-Efficient Modeling Approach for Acoustic Noise Prediction in SRMs","authors":"Ziyan Zhang, Zichao Jin, Chengxiu Chen, Selin Yaman, M. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490075","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a computationally cost-effective modeling approach for a switched reluctance machine (SRM) towards predicting vibration and acoustic noise. In the proposed approach, the SRM is modeled using Finite Element (FE) software for capturing magnetic snapshots from static simulations. Using an advanced field reconstruction method (FRM), these snapshots are used to develop basis functions to estimate magnetic fields under any arbitrary stator excitation and at any desired rotor position. This method includes magnetic properties of the machine and can estimate flux density at once instead of partially predicting it. The vibration model is built in FE software while the acoustic noise is predicted using the analytical method. The proposed study can significantly reduce the computational time for vibration and noise analysis with decent accuracy. Dynamic simulation by finite-element analysis (FEA) software and experimental verification have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134550428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peukert's Law for Lithium-ion Capacitors With Constant Power Loads","authors":"Hengzhao Yang","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Peukert's law for lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) during constant power discharge processes. Peukert's law is a relationship originally developed to characterize the charge delivery capability of lead-acid batteries: when a higher discharge current is applied, less charge is released. As a hybrid energy storage technology, a LIC is normally composed of a graphite negative electrode typically used in lithium-ion batteries and an activated carbon positive electrode usually used in supercapacitors. To evaluate the LIC technology for potential aerospace applications, this paper investigates the LIC energy delivery pattern when a constant power load is applied. By performing extensive experiments, this paper verifies that Peukert's law applies to LICs in the power mode: when the applied discharge power decreases, more energy is delivered. Furthermore, this paper studies the LIC Peukert constant dependence on its terminal voltage. Experimental results suggest that this dependence is similar to that of supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134630270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}