{"title":"Comparison of Model Predictive Control strategies on PMSM based Electric Power Steering system","authors":"Chang Zhang, Jian Shi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490048","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of applying model predictive control(MPC) strategy on electric power steering(EPS) application was verified in this paper. The comparison of three different MPC implementation strategies were studied in EPS test environment. First, a high-fidelity EPS nonlinear driving environment that qualifies Automotive standards was established in Matlab/Simulink based on the dynamic quadratic model of the steady-state steering system to test PI control and MPC strategies. Second, three MPC implementation strategies were applied into the established EPS test environment in accordance with the automotive EPS test standard to evaluate their performances. Third, three different MPC implementation strategies and PI control strategy were compared with each other to find out which MPC strategy best suits the EPS application.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130446885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing Power Quality Implications of High Level Charging Rates of Electric Vehicle Within Distribution Networks","authors":"A. Soofi, Reza Bayani, Saeed D. Manshadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of the charging level of high penetration level of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the power quality of the electricity distribution network. The EV owners tend to charge their EVs as fast as possible. The charging levels of EVs within the distribution network affect the voltage profile of buses of the network. In this paper, an exact Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) formulation of the full AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem of the distribution network is presented. The network includes solar generation units and EVs as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Different charging levels are considered to analyze the impact of EVs on the distribution network. The performance of the proposed model is illustrated for the modified IEEE-33 bus system for different charging levels for EVs. Besides, the impact of available solar power and battery degradation cost of EVs on the distribution network is investigated. It is illustrated that how EV charging will cause voltage deviation challenges for the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129189985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acoustic Noise and Vibration of an Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor: PWM Effect","authors":"Nathan Emery, Yawei Wang, D. Al-Ani, B. Bilgin","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490156","url":null,"abstract":"The pulse width modulation (PWM) fed permanent magnet motor drives have been widely applied in various applications. Plenty of work has been carried out to investigate the effect of PWM on motor losses and efficiency. In this paper, the focus is to study the impact of PWM on the acoustic noise and vibration performance of a 48-slot 8-pole interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine. The current and radial force harmonics generated due to the PWM effect are identified and the contributions to acoustic noise of the motor are outlined. Results show that the PWM effect on the acoustic noise levels for this motor are negligible since the total sound pressure levels (SPLs) are very similar for sinusoidal and PWM currents for base- and maximum-speed operations. However, the effect on acoustic noise can be significant if introduced PWM harmonics overlap with the stator's natural frequencies to cause resonance, which should be carefully considered during the design process.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126904507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative economic analysis between LTO and C-ion energy storage system for electric vehicles ultra-fast charger buffering application","authors":"N. Sockeel, J. Gafford, M. Manjrekar, M. Mazzola","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490173","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market and the extension of EVs battery range, the demand for ultra-fast charging is expected to increase. However, ultra-fast charging causes extreme high peak load demand, going beyond the capabilities of current electric utility infrastructure in many location. A high power energy storage system has the ability to off-set such infrastructure power limitations. On top of providing the energy of an EV battery and peak load demands, the decisive metrics for such system are cost of ownership and longevity. The main contribution of this article is to update a previous developed approach to evaluate the economic plausibility of an energy storage system (ESS) solution for EVs ultra-fast charger buffering application. This approach considers the calendar and cycling aging of the energy storage system, the overall efficiency, OPEX, and CAPEX of the ultra-fast charger, but also the purchasing price of the grid electricity. Furthermore, this approach is used to compare the highest longevity lithium battery technology solution, named LTO, to a new super capacitor solution contender, named C-ion. The findings of this study show that both LTO and C-ion technology may represent a cheaper alternative than refueling a gasoline car.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121405695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Robust Non-Permanent Magnet Five-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Traction Motor","authors":"Zhiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490116","url":null,"abstract":"While interior permanent magnet machines are an attractive option for traction applications, rare-earth magnets face several challenges. On the other hand, synchronous reluctance motor is able to offer a non-permanent magnet alternative. This paper proposes the a robust non-permanent magnet five-phase synchronous reluctance motor. The torque capability of this type of motor can be improved by utilizing harmonic current injection. The machine topology, system configuration, rotor structure selection are illustrated and discussed. The electromagnetic performance and effect of the harmonic current component are verified by finite element analysis, which shows that the torque capability of the proposed five-phase synchronous reluctance motor can be significantly improved. Additionally, the proposed reluctance motor exhibits a robust structure and is suitable for high-speed and high-temperature operation.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual Functional Power Management System for an Energy Storage in Light Fuel-Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Taehyung Kim","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490183","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new dual functional control system for an energy storage in a light fuel-cell electric vehicle such as a small motor cycle and an electric cart. The proposed control system manages charging and discharging of an energy storage and regulate two bus voltages at the same time to minimize the number of circuit elements in the system. Since a fuel-cell voltage varies based on the load, a boost converter needs to be employed in the proposed system to provide a 48V DC power to a traction inverter for this light vehicle application. An additional voltage bus which can be higher or lower than the input fuel cell voltage is added for other electric loads. The new dual functional controller is employed for this system to control two different output voltages and manage a battery at the same time. Through the effort of the dual functional control system, one switching element and one inductor can be removed while keeping the same functionality. The proposed dual-functional control strategy and the converter structure are explained in detail first. Then, the feasibility of the converter is verified by experiments.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"29 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System-Level Modeling and Virtual Testing of Fuel Cell Vehicle Mobypost Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation","authors":"Hao Bai, Chen Liu, D. Chrenko, A. Ravey, F. Gao","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490044","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has drawn much attention due to its high efficiency, long drive range, and zero emission. The development of FCV involves complex architectures and requires an effective virtual testing methodology to improve R&D efficiency. Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is a graphical formalism to organize models and controls of multidisciplinary systems. It provides the seamless integrations of multi-level models and interconnections between virtual and real testing, which reduces the total development time of the electrified vehicles. Therefore, in this paper, the system-level model of FCV is designed using EMR for the high-fidelity virtual testing of electrified vehicles. An FCV Mobypost that is used for postal delivery in France is chosen as the studied vehicle. The virtual testing results are compared with the real testing. Good consistency is achieved, which validates the performances of the EMR-based FCV model in the virtual testing environment.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133597083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Charging Li-Ion Battery Capacity Fade Prognostic Modeling Using Correlated Parameters' Decomposition and Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network","authors":"Asadullah Khalid, A. Sarwat","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490177","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous cycling of Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) batteries, as required by applications, degrades their resulting capacities over time. This degradation is generally negligible in the early charge/discharge cycles. An increase in charging/discharging rates (C-rate) applied on a continuous cycling battery reduces its charging time, thereby resulting in a fast charging battery, however, this also escalates the degradation. This degradation can be studied from the resultant decrease in charging/discharging capacities, also termed as capacity fade. To analyze capacity fade, an approach using reference C-rate based charging/discharging capacity analysis is proposed for a time-limited degradation analysis. Further, a step-ahead forecasting approach is proposed for all the charging/discharging capacities' correlated original, and corresponding deviation parameters, to present time-ahead modeling of all the impacted parameters. A combinatorial empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-recurrent wavelet neural network (RWNN) model is proposed as the step-ahead forecasting approach for the correlated parameters. Finally, a comparison of error values between the proposed EMD-RWNN model is performed with combinatorial EMD-wavelet neural network (WNN), standalone WNN and RWNN models to effectively analyze the resulting superior performance of the recurrent nature of the proposed model by forecasting every decomposition.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132131073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Battery Voltage Prediction Using Neural Networks","authors":"Di Zhu, Jeffrey Campbell, Gyouho Cho","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490081","url":null,"abstract":"The battery voltage prediction is critical to model predictive controls for the safe and efficient operation of battery systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study using a long-short-term-memory-based method to predict the battery voltage with past voltage and forecasted current and SOC information. Unlike prior art using many-to-one architecture, a many-to-many architecture was used with test data representing three temperatures. Battery-controller-accessible inputs were also selected. Further, the effectiveness of normalization for voltage prediction was investigated. The results show the temperature has no noticeable impact on the prediction accuracy. The lowest RMSE obtained from the 0 °C case is 0.0997. With having both inputs and output already on a similar scale, applying data normalization didn't provide any consistent accuracy improvement across the three selected temperatures.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132944305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of Virtual-Flux Model Predictive Control and Receding Horizon Estimation in Motor Drives","authors":"Michael Eull, M. Preindl","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490153","url":null,"abstract":"Model predictive control and receding horizon estimation are advanced control and estimation techniques for next-generation high performance motor drives. These methods benefit from low noise and accurate system models, which are challenging to realize with parameter-based motor models. The idea of virtual-flux, where the machine is modelled with flux instead of current, has been seen as a solution, as the parameters and their nonlinearities can be captured by a function that maps measured current onto the corresponding flux it generates. In this way, all system information can be encoded in a single static function, simplifying the stability and robustness analyses, as well as online computational requirements. Furthermore, virtual-flux modelling allows for many electric machines and even the electric grid to be described in a similar way. This review condenses the results in literature into a uniform virtual-flux framework and explores the applications and potential of model predictive control and receding horizon estimation. The combination of these concepts is shown to strongly benefit their respective problems, ranging from finite control set and convex control set MPC, full and reduced phase current sensor set flux estimation, and position and speed co-estimation.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122427647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}