{"title":"Womanhood: A Philosophical Appraisal","authors":"E. Kehinde","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38760","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptual clarification is one of the tasks of philosophy. In this paper, clarification will be given on the word ‘womanhood'. Womanhood means the state of being a woman, as different from being a man or a girl. It is also a universal term used to refer to women in general. Some feminist writers who advocate gender neutrality have denied the reality of womanhood. The place of the woman, her power, her prospects and her problems are said to be socially prescribed. How true is this assertion?\u0000The reality of the individuality of the woman is a combination of some factors such as cultural, sociological, psychological, environmental and religious. Our common experience in Nigeria points to the fact that these factors have not been static. They are further conditioned by the facts of our national history, our exposure and the level of indoctrination we have imbibed or are prepared to accept and force on others and ourselves. The main issue raised in this paper is, what actually determines the reality of a woman? Is it her biological make-up, her sociological experience or her religious experience? The view postulated in this paper is that, a woman is first, an individual living in a society, whose character, traits, capabilities and abilities are not limited by her sex. Secondly, she is definitely the product of her environment to the extent she allows her environment to determine her abilities. She can affect her environment for good only when she knows that her God-given being is both unique and necessary to the making of her environment and herself.\u0000 SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 68-73","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124828482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Process of State Formation in Pre-Colonial East Africa.","authors":"U. Ugwu","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38768","url":null,"abstract":"East Africa is widely claimed to be the smallest of the political regions of Africa. In absolute geographic terms it covers an area of 1,763,769 sq.km (680,992sq miles). Today, East Africa comprises the countries of Kenya, Tanzania (Tanganyika and Zambia), Uganda and to a large extent Burundi, Rwanda, and Northern Mozambique. This size was due to the rapid expansion through agriculture, annexation of smaller kingdoms and strong formation of a strong and standing army as well as the fortification of the military. From both the physical and the human standpoint, East Africa shares many similarities with Southern Africa, and indeed along the common frontier between the two regions, it is difficult to determine with precision exactly where one begins and the other ends. Both regions belong to highland Africa and the high plateau which is such a conspicuous feature of the physical geography of Southern Africa which extends without a break into East Africa.. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 116-119","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125224926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Over – Population and the Crises of Hunger and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Way Out","authors":"G. Ntamu, R. Ikwun","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38767","url":null,"abstract":"Although poverty can hardly be desirable by anyone the world over, population, on the other hand, is one phenomenon very much desired, especially by Africans. This love for excessive procreation invariably leads to over-population. The thesis of this paper, however, is that taken together, these social twin are sure channels to hunger in sub-saharan Africa. Our forebears procreated profusely in their attempt to have enough hands to work on the land. With the change in the general trend of children preferring education and other endeavours to farming, agriculture has generally been relegated to the background and more and more farmers are opting for other more profitable means of livelihood. Many governments have shouted themselves hoarse trying to sensitize the masses that the less the population, the better our chances in tackling poverty and hunger that have become the unfortunate trademarks of the African continent. To conquer hunger and poverty, Africans mist reduce their population growth-rate. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 112-115","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musical Me'lange and Lyrical Universalism in the Works of Carlos Santana: A Study in Globalization","authors":"O. Ossai","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38753","url":null,"abstract":"The paper, ab initio, accepts that music is a veritable vehicle of globalization and therefore discusses the subject from the perspective of the works of Carlos Santana. The paper posits that, through the peculiar configuration of personnel from diverse racial, socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, allowing each person the freedom of artistic expression, and the universality of his lyricism, Santana produced albums with multi-racial, multi-cultural, multi-creed and multi-genre elements that culminated in a musical melange in which people from various cultures could find something to call their own. The paper conducts a structural and lyrical analysis of some of the works and concludes that Santana sold ninety million albums, played for over one hundred million people worldwide and earned ten Grammies as a result of the diverse global elements in his works and the resultant universal acceptability. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 23-29","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122800531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corruption and Direct Foreign Investments in Nigeria","authors":"M. A. Coker","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38764","url":null,"abstract":"Although bribery constitutes a substantial component of business conduct in Nigeria, we have illustrated that corruption and other related offences is not only peculiar to Nigeria. Like Nigeria, most developed countries are suffering from the same socioeconomic and political malaise, hence combating it require concerted effort by all. The paper notes that Corruption impacts negatively on the flows of direct foreign investment into Nigeria. The initiative by governments in Nigeria to reduce the incidence of corruption in the country has been discussed, and the problems and gains of such programmes elucidated. We recommend among others; that: all aspects of corruption and related offences must be clearly delineated and appropriate sanctions apportioned; the immunity granted certain public officers should be re-appraised; misappropriation of public money must be accounted for; the activities of multinational corporations must be closely monitored and all acts or corruption and other related offences exposed and sanctioned, and, foreign governments and international financial institutions should assist Nigeria in locating and repatriating looted monies from the country, by present and past public officers. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 91-100","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123550250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Management Accounting Corporate Objective and Production Strategy","authors":"O. Leonard, A. Ndukwe, I. Madumere","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38765","url":null,"abstract":"No organisation operates without a focus and this focus can be termed objective or goal; which should be clearly slated. This study therefore looked at Strategic Management Accounting Corporate Strategy and Production objectives. The study samples are selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. Questionnaires were distributed and the data collected were put into problems of which projected solutions were drawn. Based on the solutions, it was concluded that in considering any new alternative strategies the overall objective of the business must be considered. Divisional and departmental managers should be involved in the day-to-day operational problems, which may involve manpower, material, machinery, product quality or other problems which can be very time consuming. Finally, the internal and external environments will change during the implementation time period, and that management should be aware of the factors that are or can cause problems in achieving the strategic objectives. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 101-106","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121540853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perception: A Determinant for Effective Communication","authors":"L. Amodu","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38774","url":null,"abstract":"Communication may be the process whereby a source encodes a message and sends it through a medium to a receiver. It may even involve the sending of a feedback by the receiver to the source; however, effective communication goes far beyond this level. It has been observed that the fact that a receiver receives the actual message does not guarantee that he interprets it in the way intended by the source. Any message received is interpreted in the light of the perception of the receiver. This study therefore examines the relevance and significance of perception to communication. It also examines what communication is, and how the process is mediated by the perceptual process. A Perceptual Communication Model is proposed in the study to explain the relationship between communication and perception. The study concludes by suggesting that communicators should design messages in terms of their receivers' perceptual inclination rather than focusing entirely on the elements of the communication SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 148-153","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Stable Polity in Africa: From the Myth to the Reality of Democracy","authors":"A. B. Ekanola, D. Imbua","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38750","url":null,"abstract":"The paper takes a critical look at the prevalent idea in contemporary society that democracy is the best form of government that can guarantee respect for human rights and dignity, as well as foster social stability, peace and development. This view has gained such a wide acceptance that the prospect of social development in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America is tied to the extent to which they are able to democratize their political structures in addition to other structural adjustments in the economic arena. While we agree that democracy has a number of good features and promises, we contend that democracy, and especially the liberal variant, which has gained much prominence in the contemporary era, does not really provide a sufficient guarantee for the equality and liberty of rights of citizens, especially in Africa. Neither does it, contrary to general assumptions, necessarily guarantee social development through the promotion of the interest of the public. Thus, the paper encourages a constructive criticism of liberal democracy in order to either improve upon it or identify a more credible alternative. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 6-13","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133746613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religion and Medicine in the 21st Century Nigeria","authors":"S. Ekanem, A. Asira","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38758","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between medicine and religion dates back to biblical times. There are numerous examples of Christ performing healing miracles. Today, it is a common phenomenon found on the door of medical doctors stickers that read, “Doctors care but God heals”. This is a clear admission of the fact that there is a knit relationship between medicine and religion. This is because faith plays a dominant role in the healing process of any illness. Again, in Nigeria several people believe in the efficacy of prayer to solve all their problems including sickness. Hence, we see people trooping out in thousands to attend any miracle healing service for bareness, sickness and all human problems. The reason for this in Nigeria is because, most Nigerians believe in witchcraft and several sicknesses are seen from the spiritual angle and therefore the cure to such illnesses must be obtained spiritually. In this paper therefore, we are going to look at the relationship between medicine and religion in the 21st century Nigeria. In doing this, we will try to locate the place of faith and medicine in the healing process of Nigerians and suggest ways through which the faith-based organizations and health institutions can help promote quality health for all Nigerians SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 56-61","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"58 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114134984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proper Education of the Gifted and the Talented: A Panacea for Technological Advancement Vis-A-Vis Sustainable Development: Counsellors' Perspective","authors":"E. Ethothi, D. O. Effion, I. Bassey","doi":"10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SOPHIA.V9I1.38769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines various methods by which the gifted and the talented could be identified, encouraged and made to become useful to themselves and their societies. It sees the gifted and the talented as those children who are identified by professionally qualified persons, who by virtue of their outstanding abilities are capable of high performance in identified areas. Origin, prevalence and characteristics of the gifted and the talented are discussed with a view to using these in the achievement of technological advancement of the country. Problems of proper education of the gifted and talented in a developing nation are also highlighted. Reasons are given for establishing special centres for the gifted and talented where funds are available. Finally, comprehensive suggestions are made as to ways of helping/counseling the public, the classroom teachers, administrators of educational institutions and the gifted and talented for the overall achievement of technological advancement, which is a panacea for sustainable development. SOPHIA: An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9 (1) 2006: pp. 120-124","PeriodicalId":339933,"journal":{"name":"Sophia: An African Journal of Philosophy","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128639111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}