Brain Hemorrhages最新文献

{"title":"Advancing deep learning for automated stroke detection: a review","authors":"Selorm Adablanu ,&nbsp;Utpal Barman ,&nbsp;Dulumani Das","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for early detection and classification. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise in addressing this critical healthcare challenge by enabling efficient analysis of stroke-related data. However, the lack of standardized datasets, limited real-time clinical applicability, and the complexity of model interpretability hinder broader adoption. This review critically examines 34 research articles published between 2014 and 2025, focusing on traditional ML, deep learning, transfer learning, and hybrid approaches for stroke detection and classification. Key findings highlight that Traditional ML models such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) have been widely used but show limitations in high-dimensional medical imaging tasks. Conversely, advanced deep learning models, such as EEG-DenseNet and ResNet50, excel in stroke segmentation and classification tasks, while hybrid methods demonstrate potential for improving accuracy through ensemble strategies. The review also underscores the challenges of dataset scarcity, ethical concerns, and integration barriers in clinical settings. Recommendations for future research include developing more representative datasets, advancing explainable AI methods, and exploring real-time implementation frameworks to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 247-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-based weakly supervised intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation using image-level labels","authors":"Yuren Hu ,&nbsp;Zengqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Zhuo Kuang ,&nbsp;Xianbo Deng ,&nbsp;Li Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The segmentation of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lesions in brain CT scans is of paramount importance for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. Given the tremendous challenge of pixel-wise annotation in intracerebral hemorrhage, weakly supervised segmentation for ICH based on image-level labels has drawn great attention. Typical methods constructed based on convolutional neural networks often suffer from insufficient global perception, making it difficult to address ICH lesion diversity. Therefore, vision transformer, building pair-wise global dependency, becomes a popular alternative. Unfortunately, the data-hungry nature of vision transformer hinders its full exploitation given relatively limited medical imaging data, resulting in over-smoothing issue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this paper, based on the observation that most patches/tokens tend to build pair-wise dependency with intracerebral hemorrhage lesion, we propose weighted attention fusion (WAF) to fully utilize over-smoothing attention maps produced by ViT under conditions of limited training data. Compared to existing research, no additional parameters or computational complexity is introduced by WAF when incorporating target-relevant information. In addition, to recall low-confidence/-salient regions in segmentation, a patch-erasing re-activation mechanism is proposed by forcing the model to explore more class-specific regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental results on three datasets, <em>i.e.</em>, INSTANCE2022, LocalBrainCT and BraTS2021 demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed ICH weakly supervised segmentation framework. Compared to the previous works on the weakly supervised sementation, the proposed architecture obtains the state-of-the-art performance on intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation (Dice of 72.39).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study focus on weakly supervised intracerebral hemorrhage segmentation, and propose a transformer-based framework with weighted attention fusion module and patch-erasing re-activation mechanism. It achives superior performance than previous methods under various settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rupture of cerebral cavernous malformations due to cerebral venous sinus compression","authors":"Yu-tian Liu ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Chuan-yuan Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clazosentan for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Update from Japan","authors":"Hidenori Suzuki ,&nbsp;Fumihiro Kawakita,&nbsp;Kazuaki Aoki,&nbsp;Koichi Hakozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 261-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Link between heart failure and stroke: a comprehensive review","authors":"Elarya Morcos ,&nbsp;John H. Zhang ,&nbsp;Antoine Sakr ,&nbsp;Desislava Doycheva","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure and stroke are two major cardiovascular conditions that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide.<span><span>¹</span></span> While the link between heart failure and ischemic stroke is well understood, the relationship between heart failure and hemorrhagic stroke is less clear but gaining increased recognition.<span><span>²</span></span> This review explores the complex mechanisms that may link heart failure to both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Key factors include unstable blood flow, neurohormonal activation, cerebral small vessel disease, and the use of anticoagulation therapy, which, while intended to reduce stroke risk, can inadvertently increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.<span><span>³</span></span></div><div>Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes share overlapping risk factors with heart failure, such as hypertension and impaired blood flow, but the nuanced ways in which heart failure contributes to hemorrhagic stroke risk are still under investigation.<span><span>³</span></span> The review also highlights the importance of clinical outcomes and strategies for managing these risks in heart failure patients, particularly as our understanding of the associations between heart failure and stroke deepens.<span><span>²</span></span> By recognizing these connections, healthcare providers can improve care and implement targeted therapeutic approaches to reduce stroke risk in patients with heart failure.<span><span>⁴</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of subarachnoid hemorrhage in post-traumatic Seizures: Insights from a retrospective study on TBI and seizure patterns","authors":"Suleiman Daoud ,&nbsp;Atef F. Hulliel ,&nbsp;Rasha S. Mustafa ,&nbsp;Almutazballlah Qablan ,&nbsp;Yasmeen Jamal Alabdallat ,&nbsp;Sa’ed Hasan ,&nbsp;Nataly Al-zubi ,&nbsp;Adam M. Abdallah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alsharman ,&nbsp;Amer Jaradat ,&nbsp;Sultan Jarrar ,&nbsp;Mohammad A Jamous","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic seizures (PTS) have been interconnected since ancient times. Modern research emphasizes their impact on morbidity and mortality, with persistent seizures linked to poor cognitive outcomes. PTS complicates recovery, especially when early seizures indicate severe injury. This study explores how different TBI types affect the development of focal versus generalized seizures to improve clinical management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Jordan, examined 1934 TBI cases from 2017 to 2023, identifying 118 patients with confirmed post-traumatic seizures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 118 patients, the median age was 21.5 years (range 2–86), and most were male (74.6 %). Trauma types included Intracerebral Hemorrhage (47.5 %), Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (38.1 %), Intraventricular Hemorrhage (17 %), Subdural Hematoma (28.8 %), Epidural Hematoma (12.7 %), and Skull Fractures (38.1 %). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred in 69.5 %, while 30.5 % were focal. At study end, 84.7 % of patients survived. Binary logistic regression revealed that Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) significantly increased the likelihood of generalized seizures (odds ratio 3.308, p = 0.005). Other trauma types did not significantly affect seizure type.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) significantly increases the likelihood of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, suggesting it as a key risk factor. Further research is needed to refine preventive and treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of non-invasive biomarkers associated with glioma hemorrhage","authors":"Ozal Beylerli ,&nbsp;Leili Gulieva ,&nbsp;Valentin Pavlov ,&nbsp;Huaizhang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gliomas are among the most prevalent primary intracranial malignancies, and their management remains complex due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Hemorrhage within gliomas, although relatively uncommon, can exacerbate disease progression, complicate clinical decision-making, and worsen patient outcomes. Identifying reliable, non-invasive biomarkers that predict or detect hemorrhage risk in glioma is an emerging research priority. This review examines the current landscape of non-invasive biomarkers—including advanced neuroimaging parameters, circulating molecular signatures, and genetic markers—that have shown potential in identifying glioma hemorrhage. We begin by summarizing the mechanisms and risk factors underlying hemorrhagic events in glioma, emphasizing the pathophysiological interplay between tumor angiogenesis, microvascular fragility, and coagulopathies. We then explore the role of modern neuroimaging techniques, such as susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and radiomic-based analytical models, in uncovering hemodynamic and structural features predictive of hemorrhage. Concurrently, we evaluate key circulating biomarkers—ranging from cell-free DNA to microRNAs and extracellular vesicles—that hold promise for real-time, minimally invasive assessment of vascular integrity. By synthesizing evidence from these domains, we highlight their individual strengths and limitations and propose an integrative strategy that combines imaging and liquid biopsy approaches for enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Collectively, this review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the utility and prospects of non-invasive biomarkers in the context of glioma hemorrhage, ultimately guiding more personalized surveillance and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 176-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-modal Ultrafast Sonography Microscopy (MUSM) for super-resolution imaging of cerebral vascular dynamics in a mouse model of hypertension induced by Angiotensin-II and L-NAME","authors":"Bing-Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Fan Ma ,&nbsp;Guo-Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Yan ,&nbsp;Yan-Yun Wang ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lan Chen ,&nbsp;Chen-Hao Zhao ,&nbsp;Sen Lin ,&nbsp;Qing-Wu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension is a major cause of cerebral hemorrhage. Although they are widely used in preclinical studies on cerebral hemorrhage, traditional in vivo cerebrovascular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, often fall short in dynamically visualizing cerebral microcirculation blood flow in rodent models. This study leveraged the high spatiotemporal resolution of multimodal ultrafast sonography microscopy (MUSM) to assess cerebrovascular hemodynamics in vivo within hypertensive mice induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Cerebrovascular hemodynamics were quantified using variations in cerebral vascular density, diameter, velocity, tortuosity, cerebral flow pulsatility, and instant flow direction. Our findings revealed a decrease in cerebral vascular density and perfusion index after blood pressure increased, particularly in the cortex and basal ganglia regions. This study not only provides a comprehensive view of cerebral dynamics in hypertension but also introduces MUSM as a novel tool for in vivo cerebrovascular hemodynamic analysis in preclinical animal research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-coding RNAs in intracerebral hemorrhage: Roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications","authors":"Shijie Mao ,&nbsp;Shi Tang ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Shen ,&nbsp;Ying Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which is a form of stroke triggered by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain tissue, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in comprehending the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ICH, effective therapies remain limited, and specific biomarkers for monitoring disease progression are still lacking. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be promising biomarkers in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are usually studied as potential targets for disease therapy. However, their roles in ICH are not yet fully understood. This review seeks to consolidate current knowledge on the roles of ncRNAs in ICH, explore the underlying mechanisms, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 188-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pretest on cuproptosis: Activating PPARγ inhibits cuproptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage","authors":"Wenying Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanyu Ma ,&nbsp;Siying Ren ,&nbsp;Likun Wang ,&nbsp;Guofeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hest.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke subtype with high mortality and disability. Cuproptosis is a regulatory cell death modality dependent on intracellular copper ion concentration, the role of which in ICH is unclear. Upon activation by ligand agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), can alleviate brain injury after ICH. To investigate the inhibitory effect of activating PPARγ on cuproptosis following ICH, we established the ICH model in vivo and in vitro and they were treated with the PPARγ agonist or antagonist after models being established successfully. Then, the copper ion concentration was measured by copper colorimetric assay and the expression of cuproptosis-related regulatory factors and copper transporter 1 was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining (except in the cell level). We found that the increase in copper ion concentration following ICH leads to the disruption of copper homeostasis, inducing cuproptosis via copper toxicity. Activating PPARγ regulates the expression of cuproptosis-associated positive or negative regulatory factors and mitigates copper toxicity by inhibiting the influx of copper ions into the cell, thereby inhibiting cuproptosis. This study not only reveals the relationship between ICH and cuproptosis but also may provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the prognosis of patients with ICH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33969,"journal":{"name":"Brain Hemorrhages","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}