Addiction and Health最新文献

{"title":"Internet Fraud among Patients Admitted for Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders in Selected Hospitals of Southwestern Nigeria: Prevalence, Predictors, and Implications.","authors":"Joshua Falade, Sunday Sajo, Benjamin Adekunle Eegunranti, Adeola Folorunsho Oduyebo, Foluso Olamide Ojo, Audu Temitope Sherifat, Akinwumi Ayodele Akinnuoye","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1619","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nexus between internet fraud and drug abuse is a complex and multifaceted issue that has garnered significant attention in recent years. The study aims to explore the relationship between internet fraud and psychoactive substance use among patients admitted for substance use disorders in southwest Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a cross-sectional approach, using a mixed qualitative and quantitative method, to examine patients admitted for psychoactive substance use disorder in southwestern Nigeria between March 2023 and May 2024. Statistical significance was determined at p-values less than 0.05 for quantitative data, while content analysis was used for qualitative variables.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study revealed that the average respondent, who was 28.5 years old, experienced their first episode of mental illness at 26.9 years and had 2.5 relapses. They began using drugs at 16.9 years and started internet fraud at 19.9 years. Several factors influenced the likelihood of engaging in internet fraud. Respondents whose parents were together (<i>P</i><0.001), those who were employed (<i>P</i>=0.001), and individuals from monogamous families (<i>P</i>=0.001) had significantly lower odds of engaging in internet fraud. Additionally, respondents with a secondary school certificate were less likely to engage in internet fraud compared to those with a Bachelor's degree (<i>P</i><0.014). Single individuals (<i>P</i>=0.001), males (<i>P</i><0.001), and those with more relapses (<i>P</i>=0.001) were much more likely to engage in internet fraud.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reported that drug abuse predates internet fraud among the respondents. Relevant stakeholders must invest in curbing the scourge of drug abuse, as it has been linked to internet fraud.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine on Liver Function and Metabolic Profiles in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mehrdad Sinaeinejad, Mehdi Karimi, Mohsen Razavizadeh, Abbas Arj, Seyyed Hamed Tabatabaei, Masoud Mortezazadeh, Niyousha Shirsalimi, Samira Pirzad, Abbas Mofidi, Mehdi Kashani","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1667","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common liver disorder associated with metabolic abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in improving liver function and metabolic profile in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), 69 patients with MASLD were randomly assigned to either the NAC group (600 mg, administered three times daily, n=34) or the placebo group (n=35) for eight weeks. The severity of hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, and metabolic profile were measured at baseline and the final trial. Data were analyzed using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Following eight weeks of NAC administration in patients with MASLD, no significant changes were observed compared to the placebo in hepatic steatosis grade (<i>P</i>=0.215), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (<i>P</i>=0.21), alanine transaminase (ALT) (<i>P</i>=0.28), malondialdehyde (MDA) (<i>P</i>=0.79), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (<i>P</i>=0.56), triglycerides (<i>P</i>=0.15), total cholesterol (<i>P</i>=0.28), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>P</i>=0.32), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>P</i>=0.16). However, NAC administration resulted in significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (<i>P</i>=0.01), fasting insulin levels (<i>P</i><0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (<i>P</i><0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (<i>P</i><0.001), along with a significant increase in total glutathione levels (<i>P</i>=0.003), compared to the placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NAC administration in patients with MASLD does not significantly impact hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, or lipid profiles; however, it improves oxidative, glycemic, and inflammatory markers. Therefore, NAC may be a beneficial adjunct therapy for managing metabolic parameters and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in MASLD patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20201220049772N1) on February 20, 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12718416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Toxico-clinical Characteristics of Patients with Opioid/Stimulant Poisoning.","authors":"Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, Elahe Abdi, Awat Feizi, Rokhsareh Meamar","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1565","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to examine the toxico-clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients who have experienced poisoning from common illicit drugs, such as opioids and stimulants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective chart review study was conducted on cases of opioid and stimulant poisoning who were admitted to the referral poisoning emergency center in the central part of Iran, Isfahan, from January 2019 to January 2020. The toxico-clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Data obtained from 496 patients were analyzed. Poisoning with opioids and stimulants accounted for 67.13% and 7.86% of cases, respectively. Most of the patients in both the opioid and stimulant groups were male. The most common route of poisoning was ingestion (82%) for opioids and inhalation (43.6%) for stimulants. Suicide (40.2%) was common in patients with opioid poisoning, whereas abuse (28.2%) was more commonly observed in stimulant poisoning. There were no significant differences regarding marital status, occupation, education, criminal convictions, history of somatic diseases, and psychiatric diseases between patients with opioid and stimulant poisoning. The mortality rate in opioid poisoning was 0.9%, whereas no deaths were reported in patients with stimulant poisoning. Binary regression analysis showed that age, coma/stupor, abnormal respiratory manifestations, previous cardiovascular disease, incomplete response to naloxone, and endotracheal intubation were predictive factors for worse outcomes (complications/death) in opioid poisoning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Opioid poisoning was more common than stimulant poisoning. Except for the type and route of exposure, there were no significant differences between patients poisoned with opioid or stimulant drugs. This highlights the necessity for targeted interventions based on specific clinical characteristics to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Validation of an Addiction Potential Questionnaire for Iranian Children Aged 12 to 18 Using Exploratory Factor Analysis.","authors":"Aboubakr Jafarnezhad, Haleh Ghaem Maralani, Ali Sahraian, Jafar Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1605","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug addiction is one of the social and health problems worldwide. Children are the most vulnerable social stratum in the problem of addiction. The study aimed to design a questionnaire for children's addiction tendencies and study the psychometric characteristics of Iranian children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2023 among 400 students of Shiraz city (Iran), selected using multi-stage sampling (stratified cluster simple random). Inclusion criteria were students, residents of Shiraz city, studying in the first or second year of high school, and exclusion criteria were non-cooperation and unwillingness to participate in the study. Validity was determined through face, content, and construct validity, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Moreover, SPSS 26 was applied for further analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The average age of the participants was 15.39±1.94. The face and content validity of the scale was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed and confirmed, and the construct validity was demonstrated through EFA. The scale consists of 30 items with four factors that explain 40% of the total extracted variance. Cronbach's alpha and the ICC of the factors indicated strong to excellent reliability of the scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the current questionnaire has good validity and reliability; thus, it can be applied with confidence to study the addiction tendency and screening of Iranian children aged 12 to 18 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Smoking in Iranian Movies: The Need for Cultural Strategies and Legal Reforms to Reduce Tobacco Consumption.","authors":"Zahra Saboohi, Maryam Ghavami","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1661","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associates of Substance Abuse Among Street Children and Adolescents in Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Zahra Poudineh, Nouzar Nakhaee, Ali Karamoozian, Abedin Iranpour","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1643","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The issue of street children and adolescents represents a significant global challenge, often interconnected with issues such as substance abuse. The present research aims to ascertain the prevalence of substance abuse and its associated determinants within the population of street children and adolescents in Zahedan, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study, conducted between December 2021 and May 2022, focused on street children and adolescents. A validated questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews to evaluate the prevalence of substance abuse and associated factors within this population. The collected data were analyzed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Additionally, penalized logistic regression techniques were employed in the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A cohort of 200 street children, with a mean age of 13.6 years, was examined. The majority of the sample comprised male individuals (n=156, 98.15%). The study revealed that 27% of the participants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21-0.33) reported a history of substance abuse (n=54). Key risk factors identified encompassed increasing age (odds ratio [OR]=1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55), prior detention (OR=5.45, 95% CI: 1.92-15.42), and a family history of substance abuse (OR=7.53, 95% CI: 3.02-18.77), indicating a heightened likelihood of substance abuse with each of these factors. The logistic regression model exhibited satisfactory predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified age, a familial history of substance use, and prior incarceration as significant predictors of substance abuse among street children and adolescents. Consequently, there is a demonstrated need for focused interventions that address familial, social, and psychological determinants to mitigate substance abuse within this at-risk demographic.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12534753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seizures as an Adverse Effect of Pregabalin Consumption: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Zahra Oskouei, Mohammad Moshiri, Amene Raouf-Rahmati, Ahmad Nemati, Mehri Bemani Naeini, Hamid Jomehpour, Ali Roohbakhsh, Zahra Salmasi, Leila Etemad","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1527","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregabalin (PGB), a gabapantinoid drug, which is commonly prescribed by physicians and some patients abuse it, can lead to seizure. Pregabalin-induced seizures (PGBIS) and their risk factors were systematically reviewed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases were searched from January 1, 2011, to August 1, 2022. Studies that reported PGBIS were included. The records were assessed according to the PRISMA-P protocol.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From a total of 224 records, 11 studies were included, comprising four cross-sectional studies and seven case reports. The data from the cross-sectional studies were notably limited. Seven studies documented nine cases (five females and four males), with a median age of 51 years (ranging from 16 to 65). PGB was used for therapeutic purposes, abuse, and suicide attempts. One case had kidney dysfunction. A significant number of cases used PGB with other drugs. There was no difference between the ingested dose of PGB in men (2700 and 4200 mg) and women (3000, 1200, 3825, and 1200 mg). All cases had normal renal function, except for one case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PGBIS is not common. However, it was reported for all purposes of PGB consumption. No specific risk factor for PGBIS was found. It was more commonly reported in females, patients who consumed high doses of PGB (>1200 mg), patients who ingested multiple drugs, and patients with renal insufficiency. The dosages used for therapeutic purposes were much lower than in the other two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primal Prevention of Drug Abuse: An Emerging but Unrecognized Public Health Issue.","authors":"Nouzar Nakhaee","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1653","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Transformation in the Body Structures in Congress 60\": Application of Grounded Theory in Addiction Treatment.","authors":"Ali Rashidian, Ashraf Karbalaei Nouri, Hamidreza Khankeh, Omid Rezaei","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1505","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congress 60 is an NGO that offers services to drug abusers, but its underlying theory has not been explored in previous studies. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the physical dimensions of the people treated in Congress 60.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Grounded theory methodology was used to arrive at the underlying theory of Congress 60. The data were collected from 2021 to 2023 through interviews with 21 individuals, participant observation, and a review of available texts from Congress 60. Data were analyzed in MAXQDA 2020 following the constant comparison method recommended by Corbin and Strauss in 2014.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The core concept included \"Addiction-related transformations in body structures\". Addiction-related transformations in body structures include addictive body structures (addiction and chronic substitution, and nervous system and external substances) and healthy body structure (opium tincture medicine, opium tincture dosage measurement, and taper-up-off of opium tincture in over time or Dezhakam Step Time).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The theory of \"Addiction-related transformations in body structures\" derived from this study explains the process of entering and leaving addiction from the perspective of Congress 60. A person using drugs enters Congress 60 with addicted body structures. In Congress 60, using the right dose of opium tincture medicine and the Dezhakam Step Time (DST) method, the person's body structures return to normal. The findings of this study offer a novel perspective on addiction, suggesting potential avenues for further research through the exploration of various hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"16 4","pages":"269-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Periodontal Health in Tobacco Users: A Salivary Analysis.","authors":"Jagruti Nanda, Dharmashree Satyarup, Subhashree Ray, Priyanca Panigrahi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1550","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of periodontal disease is considered to be high among tobacco users compared to those not consuming tobacco in any form. A rise in salivary enzyme levels reflects the destruction of healthy tissues, making it a potential clinical biomarker. Thus, the aim was to assess periodontal health and examine salivary enzyme levels and their correlation with tobacco use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unstimulated saliva was collected using a standard protocol from 128 individuals who visited the outpatient department (OPD) of a dental hospital, divided into four groups. Clinical assessment was done using the gingival index (1963) (GI) and the community periodontal index (1982) (CPI).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There was a strong correlation between tobacco use and salivary enzyme levels. Tobacco chewers had the most elevated salivary enzyme levels, followed by smokers and passive smokers. Significant periodontal deterioration presenting as an increase in probing depth and clinical loss of attachment (LOA) was seen among the chewers (3.22±0.87 and 2.16±1.27, respectively) and smokers (3.16±0.80 and 1.63±1.38, respectively), which was more than passive smokers (2.75±0.80 and 0.84±0.30, respectively) and was considered significant between all the groups (<i>P</i>=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tobacco use in either form affects the severity of periodontal diseases and the levels of salivary enzymes. Thus, salivary enzymes are regarded as reliable biochemical indicators of periodontal tissue damage and can be used as motivators to quit tobacco usage. Additionally, passive smoking was found to have a negative impact on periodontal health and can be considered a risk factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"16 4","pages":"228-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}