{"title":"The Ghost of Helms-Burton","authors":"Jonathan C. Benjamin-Alvarado","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the significant policy initiatives undertaken by the Barack Obama administration to “normalize” U.S. relations with Cuba, serious barriers and impediments lie ahead. This chapter investigates the daunting policy challenges that face the United States and Cuba in their effort to advance their bilateral diplomatic and economic affairs, owing largely to the draconian conditionality codified in the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996 (Helms–Burton Act). Given the highly partisan and divided nature of executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government, it remains uncertain as to whether Congress will allow progress in the normalization process to move beyond the limits of executive action. The chapter identifies and details the concrete steps that must be undertaken by the Congress to dismantle Helms-Burton, and under what conditions that might occur.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"U.S. Property Claims in Cuba","authors":"M. Kelly, E. Moreno, R. Witmer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"In the years since publication of the Report on the Resolution of Outstanding Property Claims between Cuba and the United States in 2007, the relationship between these two countries has undergone significant change. This chapter considers these political changes and how they impact the resolution of one of the most contentious issues in the thawing relationship between two longtime rivals, including the transition to Raul Castro and how the next political transition might impact property rights settlements. The chapter also suggests the expansion of the original model to include Cuban citizens at the time of expropriation now living in the United States, as a way to build trust in dealing with contentious property rights issues.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128317641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Future of Cuba’s Non-Sugar Agricultural Sector","authors":"Mario A. González‐Corzo, Armando Nova-González","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a dramatic growth in agricultural trade between the United States and Cuba, trade between these two states has been “one-way trade,” primarily due to U.S. economic sanctions. A new scenario could potentially emerge as diplomatic and trade relations between the United States and Cuba improve and are eventually normalized. These changes could facilitate the expansion of U.S. agricultural and food exports to the island, as well as Cuban exports to the United States. This chapter examines the evolution of U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba since the approval of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act (TSRA) in 2000. The future prospects and policy implications for U.S.-Cuba agricultural trade are also discussed, taking into account the shift in U.S–Cuba relations initiated after December 17, 2014.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127682727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Afterword Influencing Havana: Is It Possible?","authors":"Gary H. Maybarduk","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The chapters in this volume present a comprehensive understanding of U.S.-Cuban relations and their influencing factors. Fierce and uncompromising debate has long been a characteristic of U.S.-Cuban policy. By now, however, it should be clear the inability to influence significant reform by either of the polar opposites of the debate—those who support isolation and sanctions on Cuba and the Obama concept of an opening without concessions from Cuba—should cause all parties to step back from strong advocacy to a period of greater analysis and reflection. That reflection should start with causes of Cuban resistance: the barriers to change....","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130783703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Michael J. Kelly, E. Moreno, R. Witmer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter brings together the three dimensions examined by the volume’s contributors to address the full range of opportunities and challenges facing the island of Cuba. What is more, the authors address where opportunities and challenges may continue to exist for the United States and Cuba over the coming years. Given the cues provided by the Barack Obama regime in the last few years and the receptiveness of the island nation, the chapter suggests that there are multiple avenues along which both states could benefit. Likewise, the multidimensional nature of the puzzle at hand presents policymakers and scholars with a range of potential complications for both actors. This chapter provides a thorough discussion of these issues.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128896019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reintegrating Cuba into the Global Economy","authors":"L. Backer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter seeks to answer the question: What internal Cuban legal adjustments are necessary for Cuba to enter into a fully normalized relationship with the United States. and the rest of the world? The chapter first focuses on the adjustments Cuba might have to undertake if it is to embed itself within the structures of global trade and finance. Next, the chapter examines the extent to which Cuba is disposed to consider these possible reforms. Third, it examines what may be possible in the aftermath of the U.S. presidential election of 2016 (and its aftermath) and other global changes, including the emergence of a Chinese alternative to national embedding in global trade. These have considerably changed the terrain within with the consequences of U.S.-Cuba normalization can be considered. The examination considers the value of the European Union’s strategic initiative, the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA), as a viable basis for Cuban reintegration in the global economy.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127987782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Succession versus Transition","authors":"M. Kelly, E. Moreno, R. Witmer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Although the current regime has attempted to install a viable successor to the Castro brothers, the future of the island nation’s political structure can take a number of different paths. Since so much of U.S. approach toward diplomatic normalization with Cuba has hinged on regime change, the possibilities of political succession and transition are of paramount importance. This chapter addresses theories of political transition and succession to discuss the Cuban case. Using democratic transitions around the world, and among Cuba’s neighbors, as a point of departure this chapter addresses the key players and strategies that are most likely to be invoked over the next few decades both over the short, medium, and long term.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opening Cuba—Negotiating History","authors":"Peter Kornbluh, W. M. LeoGrande","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to the opening with Cuba under the Barack Obama administration. The chapter describes how this opening came about, and the political and diplomatic negotiations that led up to it. Further, the narrative places the historic opening between Presidents Obama and Fidel Castro in a broader historical bilateral context that was not devoid of communications between the two states. The chapter reinforces the notion that the rapprochement between the United States and Cuba was a deliberative process that included a variety of actors. The result of these efforts was a complex diplomatic process that launched hopes of long term diplomatic normalization between the two states.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130304043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Political Economy Approach to U.S. Normalization Policy Toward Cuba","authors":"R. Betancourt","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, five contributions are made to advance understanding of U.S.-Cuba relations. First, empirical evidence is provided on outcomes with respect to the flows of persons, goods and services, and capital between Cuba and the United States. While the evidence stresses the last decade, it goes back to the 1990s when feasible and relevant. Second, policies and their implementation by both the U.S. and Cuban governments are viewed as the actions of political agents that provide opportunities and challenges for these outcomes to fluctuate over time in pursuit of a variety of goals. Third, these outcomes are treated as responses of U.S. and Cuban entities and residents as economic agents to the policies and their implementations by the two governments. Fourth, throughout the chapter, interactions between different policies within each country as well as between the two countries are analyzed in terms of their impact on actual outcomes. Finally, in the last substantive section the role of political factors in the two recent U.S. administrations is highlighted to bring out interactions between political and economic dimensions and to illustrate the policies explicitly or implicitly adopted by the Donald Trump administration.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127901571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Big Chills","authors":"Robert R. M. Verchick, Karen C. Sokol","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687366.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"As Cuba’s economic model evolves and market mechanisms take root, concerns over environmental degradation increase. These issues are relevant to Cuba’s long term development as well as its place in a broader international effort to implement rules and norms to improve environmental protections. This chapter explores the myriad contributions of Cuban and multinational legal structures to address these concerns. The chapter explores the current state of Cuban legislation and legal practices to address environmental protection. Through an assessment of the current legal structure and proposed reforms, the analysis addresses the potential for economic growth and environmental protection in the near future.","PeriodicalId":339433,"journal":{"name":"The Cuba-U.S. Bilateral Relationship","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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