The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness最新文献

{"title":"The Role Of The Lateral Hypothalamus In The Regulation Of Food Intake","authors":"J. Joshi, S. Dindyal","doi":"10.5580/IJNW.14530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/IJNW.14530","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a fast and wide-spreading condition that continues to be a major global health problem. Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a person’s weight (Kg) divided by their height (m) is used as a measure of obesity. An increase in BMI above the normal range increases an individual’s risk of mortality (1) and is also associated with an increased risk of developing number of co-morbidities such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last century, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been implicated in the regulation of food intake but there is still uncertainty as to how it specifically affects it. To prevent obesity from becoming even more widespread, more research needs to be carried out to identify how the LH and other parts of the brain are regulating food intake. At the start of the 20 century, Frölich discovered a link between pituitary tumours and obesity based on clinical observations in patients with Frölich’s Syndrome (pituitary tumours associated with excessive subcutaneous fat and hypogonadism). However, there was debate as to whether injury to the pituitary gland or to the hypothalamus situated above the pituitary was the cause of the syndrome.(2). A later study by Aschner in 1912 which was carried out in dogs showed that removal of the pituitary gland without damaging the hypothalamus did not result in obesity, implying that damage to the hypothalamus is related to obesity (3). A series of experiments were than conducted in rats in 1940 by Hetherington and Ranson which confirmed this idea. They placed bilateral electrolytic lesions in the hypothalamus of rats without disrupting the pituitary. The found that all of the rats that had widespread bilateral damage to the region occupied by the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, the arcuate nucleus and the fornix had doubled their body weight and had an enormous increase of extractable body lipids. They also incidentally discovered that lesions in the LH lead to a decrease in food intake.(4). Consequently, another study was carried out, this time by Anand and Brobeck in 1951. They wanted to build on Hetherington and Ransons’ discoveries to localise which areas in the hypothalamus, when destroyed or lesioned, would lead to a reduction/complete inhibition of food intake (hypophagia) and also the areas that would lead to an increase in food intake (hyperphagia) and thus obesity. They placed well localised, electrolytic lesions in the hypothalamuses of Sprague-Dawley rats and found that lateral hypothalamic lesions lead to aphagia, adipsia, a loss of body weight, starvation and in some subjects, death.(5) These effects brought about by lesions in the LH were then collectively termed as a lateral hypothalamic syndrome and proved that the LH has a major role in regulating food intake. In 1954, Stellar summarised all of the previous findings; he lesioned the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) which caused an increase in food intake and when ele","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126613100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Cluster Analysis of Food Consumption: Associations with Comparatively Healthier Food Choices","authors":"J. Dickerson, M. Smith, R. Rahn, M. Ory","doi":"10.5580/2caf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2caf","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives – To identify demographic, behavioral, and health factors associated with food choices among communitydwelling adults. Methods – A cross-sectional health assessment was used for the study. K-means cluster analysis identified natural groupings of individuals reporting similar food choices among four categories: fruits, vegetables, sugared beverages, and fast food. Multinomial logistic regression identified differences in comparatively healthier food choices between the clusters. Results – Six unique cluster profiles of eating habits and food consumption were identified. Demographic, behavioral, and health factors were associated with variations in healthy food consumption. Compared to those in the cluster representing the least healthiest food choices, members of the cluster exhibiting the most healthy food choices were less likely to report physical illness (OR = 0.97, p<0.001). These cluster members were also 2.34 times as likely to be female (OR = 2.34, p<0.001), 2.78 times as likely to have earned more than a high school education (OR = 2.78, p<0.001), and 1.13 times as likely to spend more days per week engaging in at least 10 minutes of moderate physical activity (OR = 1.13, p<0.001) when compared to their counterparts in the cluster representing the least healthiest food choices. Conclusion – Comparatively poorer food choices of community members remains an essential and modifiable indicator of existing health status. Interventions to achieve healthy food choices should utilize a multi-level approach that emphasizes the role of important covariates.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128476043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of aqueous ethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis on the histology of the liver and fasting blood sugar of non-diabetic and diabetic wistar rats","authors":"C. Eliakim-Ikechukwu, A. Obri, A. Igiri","doi":"10.5580/60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/60","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-two presumably healthy rats of both sexes weighing between 160g and 200g were used in this study. The rats were randomly distributed into four groups viz A, B, C and D each having eight rats. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B and D by a single intraperitoneal dose of 65mg/kgbw of streptozotocin. Group A served as the normal control while Group B served as the diabetic control and both received daily oral doses of 0.4ml of normal saline. Groups B and D received daily oral doses of 250mg/kgb.w of Stachytarpheta cayennensis aqueous ethanolic leaf extract.This study aimed at validating the traditional claims of hypoglycaemic effect of the herb lasted for 21 days and thereafter the remaining rats were sacrificed and the liver dissected out for histological studies. Results showed that the plant material is capable of causing hypoglycaemia both in normal and diabetic rats. Liver histology showed congestion of the tissue in the diabetic control group and non-diabetic group treated with plant material. This is seen as sinusoidal engorgement and poorly defined outline of hepatocytes. Also observed in the study were proptosis, cervical lymphadenopathy, epistaxis, general malaise and passage of the loose stools in the groups treated with plant material. High mortality rate of over 50% were recorded mainly in the third week of study. It is therefore necessary to note that chronic administration of S. cayennensis may be deleterious to the body, its hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects notwithstanding.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceuticals aid dermal fibroblasts","authors":"L. Shecterle, J. Cyr","doi":"10.5580/28e7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/28e7","url":null,"abstract":"Dermal integrity and function rely on a regenerative supply of mature fibroblasts with proper surveillance in removing aging cells to maintain equilibrium. A recently published article in Journal of Medicinal Food by Borawska et al investigated the potential benefits of certain nutraceuticals on cellular viability in vitro of normal cultured human skin fibroblasts and granulation tissue fibroblasts. Phytochemicals, found in plants, have been promoted for their protective or disease preventative properties centering on preserving cellular integrity and function. Our skin is constantly exposed to environmental pollutants and ultraviolet radiation that not only ages our skin but can initiate potential malignant transformations. Obviously, a healthy diet along with prudent surveillance of skin exposed to the elements is important. Borawska et al reported that the addition of genistein, present in soya, increased the viability of the normal skin fibroblasts and granulation tissue fibroblasts. The addition of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, found in green tea, revealed a linear increase in viability with increasing concentrations; however, no beneficial effect was observed in granulation tissue fibroblasts. In another study, Borel et al reported benefits in cultured human fibroblasts with the addition of D-ribose, a pentose carbohydrate. Assessed basal and mitochondrial respiration rates of cultured human dermal fibroblasts were significantly improved, 37% and 31%, respectively, with the addition of 0.05% D-ribose in the cell culture media. Nutraceuticals, coined by Dr. Stephen DeFelice, is referred to as “a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease.” As such, consumers consider nutraceuticals important compounds due these general health benefits. The findings by Borawska et al and Borel et al further substantiate the credibility of nutraceuticals at the cellular level, measured in viability and functionality of fibroblasts, both essential for the maintenance of dermal integrity and function.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127954957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Swayback Due to Copper Deficiency","authors":"Sujatha Mogili, U. Lakshmanadoss, Gaurav Datta, J. O’Sullivan, Natan Khishchenko","doi":"10.5580/dc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/dc5","url":null,"abstract":"A 74-year-old female presented with distal extremity burning paresthesias and gait imbalance of 3 months duration. Her past medical history includes gastrojejunostomy 5 years ago. No history suggestive of malnutrition or alcohol use. Physical examination revealed ataxic myelopathy. Her blood works revealed copper and ceruloplasmin levels, which are significantly reduced, consistent with copper deficiency. CSF analysis was normal. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated symmetric sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy. MRI of the cervical and thoracic spine revealed areas of abnormal, non-enhancing intramedullary T2 and FLAIR sequence hyper intense signal in the posterior cord. Patient was treated with intravenous copper and improved in few weeks. Copper deficiency may result from inadequate intake, malabsorption of any cause, including postgastrectomy, bacterial overgrowth or sprue. Manifestations include: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia and/or neurological symptoms of large fiber/posterior column and corticospinal tract dysfunction. Differential diagnosis of ataxic myelopathy should include copper deficiency in patients with predisposing conditions.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123845709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Garlic, Fish Oil And Dietary Fibre On Postprandial Lipemia And Glycemia Of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects.","authors":"A. Sadiya, A. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.5580/875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/875","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of garlic (deodourised powder), fish oil (Max EPA) and dietary fibre (wheat bran+pectin) on postprandial lipemic and glycemic profile in Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Methods: Eight age matched male type 2 diabetes subjects with FBS of 144± 39.7 were randomly selected and anthropometric measurements were estimated. The study was divided into three phases, spaced 4 days apart; each phase consisting of 7 days supplementation of the each supplement in the breakfast and on the eight day the postprandial response was studied by drawing fasting and postprandial blood samples at every 1 1⁄2 hour interval up to 6 hours. The serum was analyzed for composite lipid profile (total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and VLDL-C) and glucose levels.Results: The results showed that the fish oil supplement was most effective in controlling the peak rise of serum cholesterol (control 9%, fish oil 5%), LDL-C (control 53%, fish oil 6.7%) and increasing the levels of HDL-C (control 2.6%, fish oil 30%). Garlic supplement was observed to be effective in reducing the peak rise of serum triglyceride (control 91.6%, garlic 20%) and VLDL-C (control 106.5%, garlic 20.4%) and showed an early PP decline in lipid levels. Dietary fibre supplement only improved the postprandial glycemic response.Conclusion: The postprandial lipemic and glycemic response of the supplements have shown that while garlic is effective in controlling only postprandial lipemia and dietary fibre in controlling the postprandial glycemic response, fish oil is effective in controlling both the lipemic and glycemic response. It can therefore be suggested that a continuous supplementation with fish oil or a combination of fish oil and garlic is advisable for the management of type 2 diabetes to delay the onset of cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124292095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study of weight and alcohol consumption among college students.","authors":"C. Duffrin, K. Heidal, Brenda M. Malinauskas, S. McLeod, V. Carraway-Stage","doi":"10.5580/2294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2294","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine if correlations exist between alcohol intake and body mass index for a college student population.Participants: The study targeted college students (n=148), ages 18-25 from a southeastern doctoral research university.Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, nutrition and food intake, and general health behavior data was collected by the dietetics students on each subject using verbal survey questioning. Basic anthropometric data was also collected on each subject.Results: In the populations studied, nearly 50% of the students fell into either the overweight or obese categories as defined by the World Health Organization (μBMI=26.49, with 26.1% BMI>30.0). The mean weekly alcoholic beverage intake for males was 8.75 (1449 kcal) and for females 4.96 (849 kcal). When subgroups were analyzed using Chi-square, students who drank beer were significantly more likely (x=.021, p<.05) to be categorized as overweight, which identifies a specific risk factor for this group.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127896303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological Parameters Of Albino Rats Fed On Tiger Nuts (Cyperus Esculentus) Tuber Oil Meal-Based Diet.","authors":"E. Bamishaiye, N. Muhammad, O. Bamishaiye","doi":"10.5580/187b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/187b","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) tuber oil meal-based diet on the haematological parameters of albino rats was studied. Cyperus esculentus tuber oil was extracted from the tuber using a soxhlet extractor. Twenty, 3 weeks-old albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an initial average weight of 51.67±5.29g were grouped into two groups of ten (10) animals each. The first group was fed with soybean oil-based (control) diet; the second group on esculentus tuber oil meal-based diet for six (6) weeks. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the Haematological parameters which include Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cells (RBC), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV), Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cells (WBC) and platelets in the serum of Tiger nut oil based diet fed rats as compared to that of the soybean oil. We concluded that feeding rats with tiger nut oil based diets is safe, does not cause anemia and will not allow accumulation of toxic material in the body.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115248480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of bacteria food poison from vegetable salads.","authors":"Vi Oni, A. Oni, F. Esumeh","doi":"10.5580/285c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/285c","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Recently, there were several cases of bacterial food poison in the student community of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. However, there were no studies that Isolated the common bacteria causes of food poison in this environment. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the common bacteria food poison in Ekpoma, Nigeria.METHOD: Ten prepared vegetable salad samples obtained at various sales points in Ekpoma were investigated for the isolation of Bacteria using standard cold and non-cold enrichment method. RESULT: The result obtained demonstrated the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Bacillus (30%), Proteus (20%), Yeast (10%). The commonly diagnosed Listeria monocytogene was not isolated. CONCLUSION: Appropriate hygienic measures for the consumption of raw food products, canned foods and vegetables should be practiced.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127639554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Probiotic Formulation With Zinc Enriched Yeast In Children With Acute Diarrhea","authors":"M. Maladkar, P. Moralwar, Praveen Mody, V. Yewale, Upendra Kinjawadekar, M. Mohite","doi":"10.5580/16f4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/16f4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea is a common and potentially serious illness in early childhood. A child suffers, on an average, 10 to 15 episodes of diarrhea in the first five years of life. Particularly in developing countries like India this problem is much more common and also severe due to poor hygiene and less accessible healthcare facilities compared to western world. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a probiotic formulation with Zinc enriched yeast in children with acute diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was an open label, non-randomized clinical trial conducted on outpatient basis by the qualified investigators at five different centers. A total of 104 pediatric patients (6-60 months of age) with acute diarrhea of < 48 hrs duration were enrolled in the study. The enrollment of the patients was as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent they were individually examined, investigated and treated as per study protocol. The treatment included daily one sachet of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 (1Billion cells), Saccharomyces boulardii (125mg) along with Zinc enriched yeast (equivalent to elemental Zinc 20mg) for 1014 days. Results: Within studied population, 60% patients with acute diarrhea showed complete recovery from their symptoms by day 3, 35% by day 5 and remaining 5% of patients by day 10. These patients showed symptomatic improvement in all studied parameters which included, both stool frequency and consistency, episodes of vomiting and urination frequency. It was observed that 95 % of patients resumed normal food intake & activities in 5 days. As per investigator’s assessment, the efficacy of the treatment with trial medication was good and very good in 89 patients and satisfactory in 11 patients. Among the 100 patients studied, 20 patients rated the therapy with the trial medication as very good, 69 patients as good and 11 patients as satisfactory. All the patients reported good tolerability of the formulation with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: The present study concludes that once a day administration of probiotic-zinc combination containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11, Saccharomyces boulardii and zinc enriched yeast is effective in the treatment of acute diarrhea and associated symptoms. Source of support: The study was sponsored by Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai.","PeriodicalId":339404,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133406172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}