Mongolovedenie最新文献

{"title":"Сочинение «Xamuq kilince namančilaqui sudur» («Сутра замаливания всех грехов») из астрологического сборника калмыцкого зурхачи","authors":"D. Muzraeva","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-536-552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-536-552","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist lamas has not been sufficiently discussed in scientific literature. Most of written documents from their personal libraries have not been published, hence they remain unavailable to researchers. Importantly, the scholarly publication of such texts contributes to the source database of Buddhist studies. The present article aims to describe, transliterate and translate “The Sutra of Atonement for All Sins” (Oir. Xamuq kilince namančilaxu sudur), which was part of the astrological collection that belonged to a Kalmyk zurkhachi, i. e. to introduce the document for the attention of scholars in the field. Materials. To clarify the translation of some difficult passages in the text of the Oirat Sutra written in “todo bichig” (“Clear Script”), Tibetan texts of similar content were used. One of them, created in the framework of the “terma” tradition, was published in French by E. Schlagintweit. The other text was taken from the collection “Sundui”. Results. The translation of the Oirat Sutra clearly indicates the character of Buddhist astrological collections in terms of their composition: in addition to specific tables, diagrams, and figures, they included the texts of prayers. Also, the textual analysis of the source shows the importance of such issues as the selection of equivalents of Buddhist terms and of the names of the deities of the Buddhist pantheon in translating Buddhist texts, which is directly related to the approaches and principles of translation of Oirat and Kalmyk translators of Tibetan texts.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47081277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Язык» тела: тело в трансляции сенсорной информации в традиционном мировоззрении тюрко-монгольских народов","authors":"M. Sodnompilova","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-486-495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-486-495","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to study the information context of the body signs and the perception of this information by Inner Asian nomads in terms of man and nature interaction. Methods. The research is based on general scientific methods and particular methods of historical science, such as the historical-comparative research method and the method of cultural-historical reconstruction. Materials. In terms of studies of humans as social and biological beings, it is relevant to examine the human body in the system of traditional somatic representations of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Inner Asia. In their worldview, the human body represents a specialized “map” of messages of a physiological nature, where organs and body parts were seen as symmetrical and their messages were perceived as negative or positive, depending on location on the left or on the right. Of relevance was also whether the sign came from the upper or lower part of a particular organ. Special attention was paid to the “movements” of the liver and the heart. Conclusions. The study shows that the world that surrounds a person appeared as a complex multidimensional information space, with sensory information playing an important part in its perception. This information was not limited to images created by the senses. In fact, the entire body, including internal organs, was perceived as such a conductor, with various manifestations of a physiological nature, such as trembling, noises, itching, and pains serving as “messages”. Individuals that had special body sensitivity were described as those of “open flesh” or of “light bones”; these were usually the only child in the family or one of the twins.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Фольклорное наследие бурят Внутренней Монголии Китая как исторический источник. Рец.: Цыбикова Б.-Х. Б. Фольклор бурят Внутренней Монголии КНР. Сказки. Иркутск: Оттиск, 2020. 336 с.; Фольклор бурят Внутренней Монголии КНР. Устные рассказы. Иркутск: Оттиск, 2020. 336 с.","authors":"Darima S. Zhamsueva","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-600-604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-600-604","url":null,"abstract":"История фольклора неразрывна с историей народа. Изучением фольклора занимались и занимаются исследователи разных наук, а фольклорное наследие как исторический источник является одним из объектов национального культурного достояния [Агапкина, Виноградова 1994; Гацак 1989; Неклюдов 2008; Новик 2004; Рифтин 1970; и др.]. Полевые записи фольклористов, сделанные на территории России и в местах компактного проживания бурят за ее пределами, на сегодняшний день практически не доступны широкой аудитории. Вместе с тем накопленный материал по результатам работы фольклорных экспедиций требует активного освоения в научно-исследовательской и образовательной деятельности специалистов разных гуманитарных направлений. С этих позиций работа в двух книгах «Фольклор бурят Внутренней Монголии КНР» [Цыбикова 2020а; Цыбикова 2020б], составленная из аутентичного фольклорно-этнографического материала, представляется весьма ценной, так как она иллюстрирует живое бытование традиционного фольклора бурят в современных условиях, помогает проследить историческую жизнь народа и несёт в себе информацию в первую очередь об эмоционально-психологическом восприятии действительности в обществе в тот или иной исторический период.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Экспедиционная деятельность П. Б. Балданжапова","authors":"M. V. Ayusheeva","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-661-671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-661-671","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines one of the aspects of the creative heritage of Purbo Baldanovich Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), the eminent scholar of history and culture of Mongolian-speaking peoples. The study is of relevance, granted the importance of his field work and materials collected in the expeditions, including the data on the history and culture of Buryats, Mongolians, and Tuvans that need to be published. The article aims to give an estimate of Baldanzhapov’s scholarly work and of his role for the development of science in Buryatia and to introduce his field materials to make them available for scientific study. For the purpose, methods of source studies were used for the description and analysis of the field materials under study and the biographical method was employed in the estimation of the scholar’s contribution to the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian-speaking peoples. Materials used for the research were his field reports, reports, expedition diaries, and notebooks kept in the scholar’s personal archive (f. no. 29) at the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. While he was involved in numerous scholarly activities, Baldanzhapov focused on the collection and identification of written monuments, especially Mongolian chronicles and works on Indo-Tibetan medicine. As a member of historical- ethnographic expeditions, he collected data on shamanistic rituals, Buryat clans and families, folklore, and ethnography. His data on the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, the transformation of Mongolian society and the development of school education in Mongolia substantially supplement and concretize the history and culture of the peoples under study. Conclusions. Baldanzhapov managed to implement several large projects for the study of written sources, the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, and Indo-Tibetan medicine. The draft records of most field materials are not easy to work with, but they are sure to be of relevance for the researchers in the field. Notably, in terms of their thematic coverage, the archival materials, Mongolian and Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs, microfilms, which the scholar managed to collect, are unique in the collection of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (SB RAS).","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Проблема вероисповедания бурят в трудах Ц. Ж. Жамцарано (1900-е гг.)","authors":"Shirap Ts. Tsydene","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-496-503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-496-503","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to analyze the issue of Buryat religious views as discussed in the works of Ts. Zhamtsarano in the 1900s. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of Zhamtsarano’s approach in the formulation of the research issue. In particular, the article analyzes the impact of his scientific and social activities on the course of his creative thought, as well as compares his interpretation of Buryat religious movement with that of M. N. Bogdanov, one of outstanding researchers of Buryat history. To analyze the impact of his cultural-historical environment on Zhamtsarano’s views, it was necessary to examine the scholar’s diaries he kept at the time of his ethnographic expeditions in Buryatia in 1903–1906 in comparison with his published works of the same period. As a result, it was possible to identify his key positions on the issue of the Buryat religious movement in the early twentieth century. Conclusions. The analysis of Zhamtsarano’s works shows that the Buryat religious movement had a long history, with its ethnoterritorial features gradually being formed. The reason for its acceleration in the 1900s was that many Buryats at the time were largely dissatisfied with their dominant religion, hence their search for new forms of spirituality. According to Zhamtsarano, the general direction of this movement was towards cultural pan-mongolism; this conclusion was based on his own active involvement in the activities for the Buryat cultural renaissance. Also, the scholar saw the religious movement of the Buryats in the 1900s as part of the global trend for secularization of the enlightenment.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43865082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"От Уполномоченного императорского российского правительства в Монголии И. Я. Коростовца до Уполномоченного НКИД РСФСР в Монголии О. И. Макстенека: к 100-летию российско-монгольских дипломатических отношений","authors":"L. V. Kuras, Bazar D. Tsybenov","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-351-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-351-365","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An urgent issue of Mongolian studies today is the role of Russian-Mongolian diplomatic relations in promoting the statehood of Mongolia in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The revolutionalry movement in Inner Asia, in particular, and the social-political history of modern Mongolia, in general, are closely associated with the efforts of Russian diplomacy and, especially, with a number of diplomats who greatly contributed to the promotion of Mongolian direction of the Russian politics in the East. The aim of the present article is the study of the activities of Russian diplomats, namely I. Ya. Korostovets, the Plenipotentiary of the Imperial Russian Government in Mongolia, and O. I. Makstenek, the Representative of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR in Mongolia. Accordingly, the research has been conducted along the following lines: i) history of the issue, ii) examination of 1912 Russian-Mongolian agreement, iii) description of the events in Outer Mongolia between 1917 and 1920, and iv) analysis of Makstenek’s report as a source on the history of Mongolian Revolution of 1921 and the Soviet-Chinese relations. Conclusions.Both Korostovets, on behalf of the Russian Imperial Government, and Makstenek, on behalf of the RSFSR, played a significant role in establishing the regional system of international relations in the Baikal region. The 1912 Russian-Mongolian Agreement, which was in fact the result of Korostovets’ efforts, was instrumental in promoting Mongolia as a subject of international law and in initiating the movement of Mongolians to their de facto and de jure independence from China. Makstenek’s report shows much effort the Soviet diplomat took in preparing the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Besides receiving and delegating Mongolian revolutionaries to Soviet Russia, taking an active part in preparations to the First Congress of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party and in the formation of military detachments of Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Army, Makstenek conducted negotiations with the Chinese authorities in Urga and Maimachen, i.e. in fact initiated the diplomatic proceedings designed to prepare the presence of Soviet troops in Mongolia.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Мертвецы есть?»: язык травмы в нарративах о дороге в Сибирь","authors":"Elza-Bair M. Guchinova","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-303-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-303-313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the Kalmyk narratives of their travel to Siberia, with a focus on the language of trauma characteristic of the narratives. Aim: The article indicates that their difficult road to Siberia was close to liminal crossing practices, resulting in a change in the status of travelers. Methods. In terms of methodological guidance, the article draws on the works of A. van Gennep, V. Turner, and T. Tsivyan. Of relevance was also the concept of the language of trauma discussed in the monograph “To Draw a Camp” (Guchinova, 2016). The research sources are the author’s field materials collected for the project “Everyone Has Their Own Siberia” (some of them published) and the stories about Siberia from a collection of memoirs on Kalmyk deportation. Results. It was on their way to Siberia in the cattle wagons that the people, deprived of even primitive comfort and convenience and stripped of their rights, realized a change of their status: they were no longer citizens but special resettlers. The stories about the road to Siberia remain in the collective memory of the Kalmyks as theirworst experience during the years of repression (1943–1956). Hence, of special significance is the language of trauma with its plotlines, and vocabulary that renders the people’s memory.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49603653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"В поисках выхода из политического кризиса в Калмыцком ханстве: организация убийства Нитар-Дорджи в 1725 г.","authors":"Vladimir T. Tepkeev","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-231-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-231-247","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the 1725 assassination of Nitar-Dorji, a significant political event in the Kalmyk Khanate’s history that so far has not been investigated in detail. The article aims at introducing new archival material devoted to the period of Kalmyk Khan Tseren-Donduk’ rule (1724–1735). The database of the research is formed of the material kept in the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, fonds I-36. In particular, ”Zhurnal po kalmytskim delam” (A Journal of Kalmyk Affairs) includes reports and messages of A. P. Volynsky, the Astrakhan governor, under the title ”Quarrels and Feuds that took place between Kalmyk owners”. Results. Nitar-Dorji’s anti-Russian actions, such as beating of the translator V. Bakunin, threats to assassinate Volynsly, his plans to escape to Kuban, etc. were the reasons that provoked his murder. Conclusion. Its organization involved participants at every level, while the act itself was seen as the least harmful method of solving the political crisis in the Kalmyk Khanate. Nitar-Dorji’s assassination was initiated by the Kalmyk side, while the Astrakhan governor was not wholly against his arrest. Dosang advocated the ”neutralization” of his rebellious younger brother, because the taishi himself was seeking to repair his relations with the Russian government and with Tseren-Donduk’s party who insisted on using military power to solve the conflict between the Kalmyk taishi.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45681278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Шошоолог: этноним и этническая история","authors":"B. Nanzatov, V. V. Tishin","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-274-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-274-289","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article under takes a study of the clan name Shoshoolog (Šošōlog) in the context of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of Inner Asia and Siberia. New historical and ethnographical data, including the evidence of ethnonymics as a part of the ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of the region will contribute to the knowledge of the migration and settlement history of the Shoshoolog people. The study aims at examining the etymology of the term šošōloγ, the area where it wasspread and theways of itsspread. Data and methods. The authors have taken into account written documents, ethnographical and folklore sources that contained references to the ethnonym in question. The written sources of the period between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, mainly in Russian, such as Cossacks’ otpiski (reports), and, more recent, travel and census reports, contain various forms of the ethnonym, often incorrectly spelled but still of interest as evidence pointing at the settlement areas of the ethnic group, as well as a source for linguistic speculation. The ethnographical sources include references to the ethnic group in question based on the legends and sagas shedding light on the people’s origin and settlement patterns both in the Baikal area and in Mongolia. The folklore texts written down by N. N. Poppe, S. P. Baldaev, etc. Include the stories of the Shoshoolog as a Buryat clan with a strong Shamanic background, as well as various forms of the ethnonym. Granted the available knowledge of the historical patterns in the language evolution, the orthographical forms of the ethnonym contained in different records were used as the data for further phonetical reconstructions and localizations of the ethnonym’s phonetic shape in terms of chronological and geographical dimensions. This data, alongside other material on the ethnonymics and onomastics of Mongolic and Turkic peoples, contributes to the linguistic part of the database in the field. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of ethnonymic evidence contained in a variety of sources examined resulted in phonetic reconstructions of the ethnonym under study to finally shed new light on its etymology, as well as to project further developments of its phonetic shape.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47816844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Сказание о Гесере-богдо» в записи от Дорджиева Шарлда Дорджиевича, 1893 г. р.: общая характеристика, текст, комментарий","authors":"Evdokia E. Khabunovа","doi":"10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-382-398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-382-398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper introduces the authentic text of ”Gesr bogdyn tusk tuuji” (The Saga of Geser-bogdo) for the academic community. It was written down in Malye Derbety, Maloderbety raion, Kalmyk ASSR in 1982 by the present author; its performer was Sharlda Dordzhievich Dordzhiev (1893–1984), Baga khurul shabiner, uimguilmyd. The original text is supplemented by Russian translation made by the author of the publication and a short biography of the performer. Also, the article includes a brief description of the sample, focusing on the specifics of recording and of keeping the field notes. The article aims at introducing new material, such as the authentic text ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo”, its Russian translation, and the performer’s biographical data. Data and methods. The research is based on the manuscript from the author’s private archive; the Kalmyk text of eleven pages is written down on paper (A4, yellow paper). There are also additional materials, such as the interviews with Dordzhiev’s relatives and villagers. Results. ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo” is devoted to an interesting story of Geser-bogdo’s mission, i. e. the protagonist’s efforts to free the Earth (Middle World) from cold, as well as demons personified as Andzhlula and his wife. The narrative is based on two microstories: i) an unsuccessful attempt to getrid of cold on the Earth with the help of Khurmusta Tengri and ii) the victory over Andzhlula and his wife with the help of Sandzhi, the protagonist’s brother from heavens. The analysis shows that, in terms of its structure and content, ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo” includes a number of important segments, which are parallel to other Geser’s epic narratives. The manuscript is of relevance for studies of the Kalmyk oral tradition of Geser sagas. Conclusions. ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo”, performed by Dordzhiev in 1982, indicates that oral retellings of Geser sagas were widely circulated in Kalmykia. Also, the data pertaining to the storyteller’s life and art shows the popularity of the epic narratives in the Kalmyk milieu at the time the recording was made (late 20th c.). The epic sample maybe of interest to folklorists and epic scholars for their comparative and textological studies, as well as for the studies of storytelling tradition and of the linguistic aspect of popular oral art.","PeriodicalId":33928,"journal":{"name":"Mongolovedenie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43292282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}